美国浪漫主义-American-Romanticism课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,美国浪漫主义 American Romanticism,American Romanticism,Development:,stretches,：,from,the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War,.,started,：,the publication of Washington Irvings,The Sketch Book,ended,：,Whitmans,Leaves of Grass,.,American Romanticism,Backgrounds,National,influences,International,influences,National Influences,A.,In politics,:,democracy and political equality,lay the foundation of Romanticism;,B,.,In economics,:,industrialism;immigration and pioneers,pushing the frontier west;,C.,In culture,:,Websters Dictionary,marked beginning of the American English;many,magazines and newspapers,appeared.,International Influences,A,.,Romantic Movement,in,Europe influence,it,;,B.Many,English and European masters,of poetry and prose,impact on,it,1).,Walter Scott,:Waverly novels,The Lady of the Lake,2),.Byron,:Oriental romances,3).,Gothic tradition,.,The Main Thoughts,1.Pursue,for,subconscious,inner life and abnormal psychology,.,2.,Emphasize,on,freedoom,individualism and imagination,against neoclassicism.,3.Love for,nature,.,4.Search for,pure beauty and subject matters.,Main,Characteristics,1.,American national experience of,pioneering into the west,is a rich source of material,writ,ting,.,2.,Transcendentalism,is the mo,s,t clear,.,3.,American,s,speak,local dialects,in,literature under,national,consciousness,Main,Characteristics,5.There is,American Puritanism,as a cultural heritage to consider.,6.be,both imitative and independent,as a result of the foreign and native factors.,characteristics of American Romanticism,Transcendentalism,1.Holy Spirit,2.Individuality,3.Symbolism,Comparison of American and British Romanticism,Amrican Ronmanticism,British Romanticism,Time,the first half period of 19th century,the late period of 18th century,Writing Technique,a few but abundant traditional,multiple,creative,Subjects,new,passion for nature and nation patriotism,old,criticism for capitalist urbanization,Cutural Atmosphere,More restrictive Puritanism,relax,no restrictive religion,Attitude,optimism as a new-born nation,melancholy and depression of British poets,Literary Form,More romantic stories than poems,all kinds of forms,Early Period,Transcendentalism,L,ater Period,The Schools of American literature,The First Boom of American Literature,Early Period Romantic Literature,(,1810-1840),Washington Irving,Father,of the American literature,His,The Sketch Book,marked,the beginning,of American romanticism,James Fenimore Cooper,Americas first successful popular,novelist,The Last of Mohicans,New England Transcendentalism,It,started in the area around,Concord,Mass,.by a group of intellectual and the literary men of the United States such as,Emerson,Thoreau,They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in,the essential unity of,all creation,the,innate goodness,of man,and the supremacy of,insight,over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths.,Ralph Waldo Emerson,T,he,chief spokesman,of,Transcendentalism,The people who,put forward,the romaticism,first,Nature(,论自然,),Henry David Thoreau,Another leading,transcendentalist,Naturalist,Walden(best work),A reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings,These two people emphasize,the spiritual role of,people,the significance of,intuition,nature is full of,spirituality,people should,return to nature,American Renaissance,(1830-1860),Later Period Romantic Literature,Nathaniel Hawthorne,:,the,originator,of American,psychological,novel,Walt Whitman,:,famous poet,humanist,Leaves of Grass,Herman Melville,:,Skepticism,Pessimism,Beluga,Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,:,Hymn to the night,author,poet,editor,and literary critic,part of the American,Romantic Movement,works,：,To Helen,The Raven,Annabel Lee,The Fall of the House of Usher,（,1809-1849,）,background,information,Analysis,in detail,The,theme,The daughter of,Zeus,and,Leda,The famous,beauty,in Greek Myth,The wife of,Menelaus,Helen of Troy,:the destruction,of Troy,Helen,and,Psyche,are,the reflection on the beauty of,Mrs.Jane Stith Stanard,who was said to be Poes first real love.,Helen,thy beauty is to me Like those Nican barks of yore,That gently,oer a perfumed sea,The weary,way-worn wanderer bore To his own native shore.,On desperate seas long wont to roam,Thy hyacinth hair,thy classic face,Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was GreeceAnd the grandeur that was Rome.,Lo!In yon brilliant window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah,Psyche,from the regions which Are Holy-Land!,To Helen,海伦，你的美貌于我，,有如往日尼西亚的三桅船，,在芬芳的海上悠然浮起，,把劳困而倦游的浪子载还，,回到他故国的港湾。,早已习惯于怒海上的飘荡，你风信子似的秀发，你闪烁着古典美的面庞，你水精仙子般的呼吸引我还乡，重见希腊的光荣与罗马的辉煌。,看！那明亮的窗龛中间，,我见你象一座神像站立，,玛瑙的亮灯擎在你手里，,哦！普赛克，你所来自的地方,原是那遥远的圣地,！,The beauty of,Helen,(stanza 1,，,stanza 2),The beauty of,Psyche,(stanza 3),The structure,hyperbole,olfactory image,(,嗅觉意象,),simile,classic and exotic,Analysis in detail,Helen,thy beauty is to me,Like,those,Nicean,barks,of yore,，,That gently,oer a,perfumed sea,The,w,eary,w,ay-worn,w,anderer,bore,To his own native shore,.,Rhyme:,ababb,Alliteration:refers to,Odysseus(Ulysses),bore,体现了,kinesthetic image,（动觉意象）,stanza 1,stanza 2,On desperate seas long wont to,roam,Thy,hyacinth hair,thy classic face,Thy,Naiad airs,have brought me,home,To the glory that was Greece,And the grandeur that was Rome.,Rhyme:,cdcdc,paral,l,elism and metaphor,visual image,pun,synecdoche,（提喻）,这一古典美的典型部分用来代表欧洲古典美这一整体。,Simile,看！那明亮的窗龛中间，,我见,你,象一座,神像,站立，,Lo!in you,brilliant window-niche,How,statue-like,I see thee stand,The,agate,lamp,within thy hand!,Ah,Psyche,from the regions which,Are Holy Land!,Rhyme:,effef,visual image,stanza 3,Goddess of the soul,the wife of Cupid,but forbidden to see Cupid,s,face,The lamp that Psyche,saw,Cupids,face,Physical beauty,+,Spiritual beauty,The true beauty,Beauty refers to the woman,s,body,as well as her,soul,.,Helen,of Troy,the quintessence of,physical beauty,Psyche,Goddess of the,soul,About the poem,This poem,which was the last one Poe wrote,is believed by many critics to be an,idealization,of his wife,Virginia Clemn.,Married in1835 at the age of 13 and died in 1847.Her early death may have,inspired,some of Poes writing.,idealization,:,理想化,inspire,:,赋予灵感,It was many and many a year ago,，,In a kingdom by the sea,，,That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of Annabel Lee;,And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me.,I was a child and she was a child,，,In this kingdom by the sea,But we loved with a love that was more than love,I and my Annabel Lee,With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven,Coveted her and me.,And this was the reason that,long ago,，,In this kingdom by the sea,，,那是在很多年很多年以前，,在大海边一个王国里，,住着位你也许认识的姑娘，,她名叫安娜贝尔,李,那姑娘她活着没别的心愿，,与我相爱是她的心思。,她是个孩子而我也是孩子，,在大海边那个王国里,但我俩以超越爱的爱相爱,我和我的安娜贝尔,李,以一种爱连天上的六翼天使,对她和我也心生妒意。,而这就是原因，在很久以前，,在大海边那个王国里,A wind blew out of a cloud,Chilling my beautiful Annabel Lee,；,So that her highborn kinsmen came,And bore her away from me,，,To shut her up in a sepulchre,In this kingdom by the sea.,The angels,not half so happy in heaven,，,Went envying her and me,Yes!-That was the reason(as all men know,in this kingdom by the sea),That the wind came out of the cloud by night,Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.,趁黑夜从云间吹来一阵冷风,寒彻我的安娜贝尔,李；,於是她出身高贵的亲属前来,从我的身边把她带去。,把她关进了一座石凿的墓穴,在大海边的那个王国里。,在天堂一点也不的天使,对她和我一直心存妒意；,对！那就是原因（众所周知，,在大海边那个王国里,趁黑夜从云间吹来一阵冷风，,冻煞我的安娜贝尔,李。,But our love it was stronger by far than the love,Of those who were older than we-,Of many far wiser than we,And neither the angels in heaven above,，,Nor the demons down under the sea,，,Can ever dissever my soul from the soul,Of the beautiful Annabel Lee:,For the moon never beams,without bringing me dreams,Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,；,And the stars never rise,but I feel the bright eyes,Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,；,And so,all the night-tide,I lie down by the side,Of my darling-my darling,my life and my bride,In her sepulchre there by the sea-,In her tomb by the sounding sea,但我俩的爱远比其他爱强烈,与那些更年长的人相比,与许多更聪明的人相比,无论是那些住在天堂的天使,还是那些在海底的鬼蜮,都永远不能将我俩的灵魂分开,我和我的安娜贝尔,李,因为当月放光华我总会梦见,我美丽的安娜贝尔,李,而每当星斗升空我总会看见,她那明亮而美丽的眸子,所以我整夜都躺在我爱人身旁,我的爱，我的生命，我的新娘,在大海边她的石墓里,在海边她的墓地,1.,Abundant rhyme,2.,3.,Repetition,4.,Elements,that contribute to the nice melody of the poem:,Assonance/alliteration,双声叠韵,The dominant vowel sounds,1.,Abundant(a lot of)rhyme,1),end rhyme,repetition of similar,sounds at the ends of lines,sea/Lee/me/we;ago/know,2),internal rhyme,repetition of similar,sounds within a line,chilling/killing;beams/dreams;rise/eyes;tide/side;,2.,assonance/alliteration,双声叠韵,1),assonance,the,repetition of two or,more,vowel,sounds within a line,ever/dissever;shut/up/sepulcher,2),alliteration,repetition,of two or more,initial,consonants,within a line,happy in heaven;demons down;side of the sea(sounding sea),4,.,The dominant vowel sounds:,1,),/i:/in“sea”,“Lee”,“me”,“we”,2),/ai/in these words in the last stanza:,And the stars never,rise,but,I,see the,bright,eyes,Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;,And so,all the,night,-,tide,I,lie,down,by,the,side,Of,my,darling,my,darling,my,wife,and,my,bride,It is this preponderance,（大量）,of the long and continuous vowel sounds that adds to the,beautiful melody,(,悦耳的音调,)of the poem.,Annabel Lee,The poet,grieves,for the loss of his darling whom he describes as a princess,“In the kingdom by the sea,”,borne,away in death by“her highborn kinsmen.”,This girl whose life ended all too soon was taken by angels envious of the love she shared with the poet.,Her death and his response are made more touching by the knowledge that this was a childhood romance.,