英语语音语调节奏重音专题培训课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,主要内容,一、语句重音,二、停顿、意群、气群,三、英语中的节奏,四、英语语调,一、语句重音,语句重音指的是人们在朗读连贯的语句时，哪些词要重读哪些词不要重读的规则。,一般规则,重读,不重读,注意,一般规则（一）：哪些词重读,在连贯的语句中通常需要重读的词有：1.,名词,、2.,形容词,、3.,数词,、4.,实义动词,、5.,副词,、6.,某些代词,（指示代词等）、7.,疑问词,、8.,叹词,。,这条规则可以总结为：,实词重读,1.名词 noun,An,elephant,is an,animal,.,Im a,teacher,.,2.形容词 adjective,Shes,beautiful,.,Her,skirt,is,blue,and,white,.,3.数词 numeral,I have,two,brothers,.,John,is,nine,.,4.实义动词 notional verb,She,sings,well,.,Mary,loves,her,dolls,.,5.副词 adverb,He,speaks,English,slowly,and,carefully,.,6.某些代词（指示代词等）pronoun,1.指示代词 this,that,these,those,That,boy,over,there,is my,cousin,.,2.反身代词 myself,yourself,themselves.,He,himself,hurt,his own,foot,.,3.不定代词 some,every,all,both,none,other,many,few,somebody,something.,Everybody,was,late,.,Some,are,red,;,some,are,blue,.,7.疑问词,1.疑问代词 what,which,who,whom,whose,What,would you,like,to,eat,？,2.疑问副词 when,where,how,When,did you,get,there?,8.叹词（interjection）,Oh,its,snowing,.,My,what,a,downpour,!,Hey,that,s a,nice,shot,!,Dear,me,!,一般规则（二）：哪些词不重读,在连贯的语句中通常不重读的词有：,1.,冠词,、2.,代词,（人称、物主、关系代词）、3.,非实义动词,、4.,连词,、5.,介词,。,1.冠词,This is,a,computer.,The,computer is my sisters.,2.代词（人称、物主、关系代词）,I,am a teacher.,They,are,my,friends.,My,mother often helps me.,The book,that,he is reading is mine.,Do you remember the girl,whom,we met at the party?,3.非实义动词,John,is,studying Chinese.,The meeting,will be,cancelled.,He,may,not go to Shanghai tomorrow.,I,used to,go there.,4.连词,and,or,for,but,as,than,if,when,while,since,now(that),as if,as though,etc.,I wont do it,for,I dont think its right.,Will you stay home,or,stay with me?,He works much harder,than,you.,He came to see me,but,didnt stay long.,5.介词,at,by,for,from,of,in,to,into,etc.,I met him,at,the airport.,Hes,from,Hong Kong.,注意,和单词重音不同，语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象。根据说话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音，而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。,A:I thought you were a student.,B:I,am,a student.,.and that government,of,the people,by,the people,for,the people,shall not perish from the earth.,二、停顿、意群、气群,为了使意思表达得更清楚，或者为了换气的需要，人们在说话或朗读的时候，经常需要停顿（pausing）。,形式上，,标点符号提示停顿，而且提示停顿的长短。逗号、分号、冒号等停顿较短，句号停顿较长。,意义上，,停顿和,意群,、气群密切相关。,意群,一个句子可以按照意义和语法结构分为几个部分，每一个部分可以称为一个意群（sense group）。,从语义、语法上来讲，意群是能表达某种意思的一个词，一组词，一个短语或一个分句，一个从句或一个主句。,从语调上来说，意群是可以用降调、升调或平调来朗读的一个语调单位。,Before 1949,I used to live in Hong Kong,and worked as a teacher.,Before 1949,/,I used to live in Hong Kong,/,and worked as a teacher.,意义单位,语法单位,语调单位,1949年前,介词短语（状语）,升调（句子的一部分，意思不完整）,我住在香港,主句（主语、谓语、状语）,升调（句子的一部分，意思不完整）,在香港教书,主句第二部分,降调（全句结束，意思完整）,意群的语调,意群根据其在句中的位置可分为句首、句中和句末意群三种。通常来说，句首和句中意群用升调，表示意思不完整，尚须往下听。,但如果句首或句中意群表意完整、语义重要，和后面部分联系并不密切，就可用降调表示。,He put the letter into the envelope,/,smoked a cigarette,/,and then walked out of his room.,When she learned that,/,she was very angry,/,and decided to punish the man.,气群,凡是一口气能说完或读完的一个句子或句子中一部分称为一个气群。一个气群一般包含若干个意群，气长的人可以念完一个很长的句子而不换气，但最短的气群也不得少于一个意群。,Hurry up!,/,Take it away.,/,Both my brothers and I,/,are fond of music.,/,Mary and her friend,/,had a big quarrel.,/,Which is bigger,/,an elephant,/,or a tiger?,/,三、英语中的节奏,先看例子：She studies every morning.,She,stu,dies,eve,ry,mor,ning.,在朗读时，重读音节要念得重些，长些，慢些（因而显得特别响亮清楚）；非重读音节则要念得轻些、短些、快些（因而显得不是那么响亮清楚）。,这种自然形成的轻重、长短、快慢等有规律的交替就构成英语里的基本节奏。,一个节奏群,Its,fine,.,Im,bu,sy.,Hes a,doc,tor.,Theres a,let,ter for you.,两个节奏群,Go,there,.,I,want,to,go,.,I,want,ed to,know,.,I,want,ed you to,know,.,I,want,ed you to,do,it.,I,want,ed you to,write,to him.,I think he did it carefully.,I wonder if hell ask me in advance.,They said they had to go at once.,How far is it from here to London?,Where did you say you had put my glasses?,o,o,Come here.,Look out!,What for?,No more.,Say“yes”.,Ask John.,o,o,o,Try again.,Not enough.,Look inside.,Do it now.,Not so fast.,Cut the bread.,o,o,o,I think so.,Id like to.,Of course not.,Its early.,Shes ready.,Im sorry.,o,o,o o,Its possible.,He wanted it.,Theyve finished it.,Ive heard of it.,Ive paid for it.,Be nice to her.,a friend of mine.,o,o o,o,Send him away.,Terribly slow.,Give him a book,What is the time?,Sing us a song.,Throw it away.,o,o,o o o,Ive eaten them all.,He wanted us to.,I know what it is.,He gave it to me.,We had to do it.,o,o,o o o,o,I think it will be fine.,I wanted you to know.,You ought to go to bed.,You only have to try.,Ill try to be in time.,He didnt know the way.,o,o,o o,o,o o,He started to talk to me.,She wanted to write to him.,Ill borrow another one.,Youll get it on Sunday.,He came on a bicycle.,四、英语语调,人们在说话或朗读时，声音时升时降，时高时低。这种声音的高低升降与句子重音结合在一起便构成英语语调。,英语里最基本的语调有两种：降调和升调。,句子末尾用下降语调的叫降调。,句子末尾用上升语调的叫升调。,降、升调的三个共同点,1.句子中,第一个,重读,音节,的声调最高。,Both the children are playing outside.,Both,the,child,ren are,play,ing out,side,.,2.第一个重读音节之前的非重读音节声调低平。,He should have asked how to do it.,asked,how,to,He should have,do,it,3.第一个重读音节之后的其他重读音节，声调依次递降。,Both the children are playing outside.,Both,the,child,ren are,play,ing out,side,.,He promised to send a telepgram on his arrival.,降调的特点,1.在最后一个重读音节上声调下降。,Why are you so late?,2.最后一个重读音节后面的非重读音节，其声调低平。,Whats on at the cinema?,升调的特点,1.如果句末是重读音节，声调就在这个音节上上升。,Must you go?,2.如果句末是非重读音节，则在最后一个重读音节开始声调就须由低向上稍升，后面的非重读音节的声调再依次上升。,Did you speak to him yesterday?,句中上升,I suppose it couldnt possibly happen again.,Did the postmanbring any letters today?,Im sorry I couldntquite make out what you were saying.,We played tennis for an hour inspite of the rain.,My eldest daughter has decided to take up accounting as a career.,