测井资料和应用-2.ppt

China National Logging Corporation,OEPA,2006,*,测井资料和应用-2,2.3,补偿中子测井,(Neutron Log),原理,-,一种放射性方法测井,NEU source,emit,Fast,NEU,Formation,atom,Slow,NEU,NEU source,SLOW,DOWN,slow,NEU,nuclei,GR,captured,release,record,Logging,tool,“,含氢指数,“,-,由于氢原子,(H),核的质量与快中子的质量相当,她对,快中子的减速作用很强,因此记录的,次生,GR,值 主要与地层孔隙内的,”,氢,”,含量,(H),有关,-NEU,被称为,“,含氢指数“,中子孔隙度,*,NEU,测井记录的是地层孔隙内的含氢量（,H,），她直接与孔隙度有关,-,直接指示孔隙度,-“,中子孔隙度”,cn,泥质中含有大量的束缚水,(,大量的“,Hydrogen”)-,也具有很高的,cn(,无效孔隙度,)-,NEU,曲线不能区分砂，泥岩,*,水分子,(H,2,O),和石油分子,(C,n,H,n,),都含有氢元素“,H”-,油和水都有高的,CN,-,NEU,曲线不能用来区分油和水,Oil,water,CN,shale,CN curve shows the similar,value at shale,oil and water zones,“,挖掘效应,气层的,”H”,浓度 远小于油,/,水层,-,造成低,cn,的误差,shale,Clean,sand,砂泥岩储层,DEN 1.7-2.7,CN 60-0,砂岩,DEN,CN,重合,泥岩,DEN,CN,分离,Suitable presentation scales,DEN,CN,CN,DEN,Suitable scales,碳酸岩,DEN 1.95-2.95,CN 45-15,纯,碳酸岩,DEN,CN,重合,泥岩,DEN,CN,分离,应用,深度校正,碳氢指示,计算孔隙度,-,需进行,“,挖掘效应,”,及泥质影响校正,识别气层,-,低,NEU&DEN,高,AC,值,识别储层,-,高,NEU&AC,低,DEN,值,识别致密层,-,极低,NEU&AC,高,DEN,值,*,NEU vale logged in open hole and cased hole has,good repeat ability*NEU log can be used for depth correlation when perforating,Gas with low concentration of hydrogen,Gas with low CN value,Gas,Oil,CN,*Hard rock with low concentration of hydrogen,*Hard rock with low CN value,Hard,rock,CN,Hard rock,2.4,密度测井,(Density Log),原理,-,一种放射性测井,*,DEN,仪器使用,Cs,137,放射源产生并发射中等能量的,GR,射 线,*GR,与地层中的电子相碰撞,发生康普顿散射,-GR,射线失掉部分能量,仪器记录低能,GR,射线,*,受减速作用而成为低能,GR,射线的记量与地层岩石的密度有关,Cs,137,GR,release,Collide with,formation electrons,GR,Low energy GR,GR,electron,Compton scattering,Record by,tool,不同岩石的体积密度及,Pe,值,Mud cake,补偿密度测井,2.4.2,密度孔隙度,体积密度,:,b,=(1,),ma,+,f,=,式中,b,测井密度值,ma,骨架密度值,f,流体密度值,(,ma,b,),ma,f,Z,密度仪器记录有光电吸收指数,(,PE),她对岩性很敏感,Obvious different of PE value for different lithology,岩性指示器,-PE,Gas with very low density,Gas zones with low density value,气的影响,shale,Clean,sand,Shale sand reservoirs,DEN 1.7-2.7,CN 60-0,Sand zones,DEN,CN overlay,Shale zones,DEN,CN separate,Suitable presentation scales,DEN,CN,CN,DEN,泥浆对,PE,的影响,Heavy density mud,(with barite)will,affect Pe response,Example:,Pe 4,random,curve and cant,be used to identify,lithology,P,e,2.4.5,应用,计算孔隙度,识别岩性,假定地层含泥,孔隙中充满流体,体积密度,:,b,=(1,V,sh,),ma,+V,sh,sh,+,f,So,=,oil,water,shale,matrix,(,ma,b,),V,sh,(,ma,sh,),ma,f,2.4.4,影响,泥质影响,应用岩性指示曲线,Pe,识别,岩性,*,Pe,不受地层流体的影响,对岩性灵敏,*Pe,与别的资料综合利用更能有效,识别,岩性,.,