局解小腿Lower-limb.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,金联洲,Wenzhou,Medical college,Jinlz,Lower limb,General introduction,The lower limb is divided into four parts:,Gluteal,region,Thigh,Leg,Foot,Function,Support the body weight,Locomotion,Gluteal,region,Muscles,Superficial group,Gluteus,maximus,Gluteus,medius,Gluteus,minimus,Tensor fasciae,latae,Deep group,Piriformis,Obturator,internus,Gemellus,superior and inferior,Quadratus,femoris,Gluteal,region(continue),Nerves and vessels,Greater sciatic foramen above,piriformis,Superior,gluteal,nerve,artery and vein,Greater sciatic foramen below,piriformis,Sciatic nerve,Posterior,cutaneous,nerve of the thigh,Inferior,gluteal,nerve and artery,Pudendal,nerve and internal,pudendal,artery,Pass through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter the perineum,Thigh-,anterior and medial region(1),Superficial fascia,Arteries:,Superficial,epigastric,artery,Superficial iliac circumflex artery,External,pudendal,artery,Great,saphenous,vein,Superficial inguinal lymph nodes,Cutaneous,nerves,Ilioinguinal,nerve,Femoral branch of the,genitofemoral,nerve,Lateral femoral,cutaneous,nerve,Anterior,cutaneous,branches of the femoral nerve,Thigh-,anterior and medial region(2),Deep structures,Fascia,lata,:thick and strong laterally,Muscles:,Anterior group:quadriceps,femoris,and the,sartorius,Medial group:,Pectineus,Adductor,longus,Gracilis,Adductor,brevis,Adductor,magnus,Thigh-,anterior and medial region(2),Deep structures,Gap between the inguinal ligament and the hip bone(divided into two parts by,iliopectineal,arch),Lacuna,musculorum,:laterally,Iliopsoas,femoral nerve,lateral femoral,cutaneous,nerve,Lacuna,vasorum,:medially,Femoral artery,femoral vein,femoral canal.,Femoral triangle,Boundaries,Contents:femoral nerve,artery,vein,canal(from lateral to medial),Thigh-,anterior and medial region(2),Deep structures,Contents of the femoral triangle,Femoral nerve:,Muscular branch:anterior group of the thigh,Cutaneous,branch:,Anterior femoral,cutaneous,nerve,Saphenous,nerve(accompanies the femoral artery at thigh,and accompanies the great,saphenous,vein at leg),Femoral artery:,Muscular branches,Deep femoral artery:,lateral and medial femoral circumflex a.,Perforating arteries:3 or 4 arteries,Thigh-,anterior and medial region(2),Deep structures,Contents of the femoral triangle,Femoral sheath,and femoral canal,Femoral canal is the medial compartment of the femoral sheath,contains deep lymph nodes and fat tissue.Its superior opening called femoral ring.Boundaries:,Laterally:femoral vein,Medially:,lacunar,ligament,Anteriorly,:inguinal ligament,Posteriorly,:,pectineal,ligament(of Cooper),Femoral hernia:contents of abdomen protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal,Thigh-,anterior and medial region(2),Deep structures,Adductor canal(of hunter):deep furrow on the medial side of the thigh,Boundaries:,Anterior:,sartorius,and the adductor lamina,Lateral:,vastus,medialis,Posterior:adductor,longus,and adductor,magnus,Contents:from superficial to deep,Saphenous,nerve,Femoral artery,Femoral vein,Obturator,vessels and nerve:supply the medial compartment of the thigh.,Thigh-,posterior region(3),Superficial structures:,posterior,cutaneous,nerve of the thigh.,Deep structures:,Muscles:,Biceps,femoris,:lateral side,Semitendinosus,Semimembranosus,Nerve:sciatic nerve,Arteries:perforating branches of the deep femoral artery.,Thigh-,posterior region(3),Popliteal,fossa,Boundaries,Upper lateral:tendon of the biceps,femoris,Upper medial:,semitendinosus,and,semimembranosus,Lower lateral and lower medial:,gastrocnemius,Contents:,Tibial,nerve and common fibular(,peroneal,)nerve,Popliteal,vein,Popliteal,artery,Leg-,anterior and lateral region,Superficial structures,Superficial vein:great,saphenous,vein,Cutaneous,nerve:,saphenous,nerve medially and the superficial fibular nerve laterally,Deep structures,Deep fascia,Superior and inferior extensor,retinaculum,Superior and Inferior,peroneal,retinaculum,Leg-,anterior and lateral region,Deep structures,Muscles of anterior group,Tibialis,anterior,Extensor,hallucis,longus,Extensor,digitorum,longus,Muscles of lateral group,Fibularis,longus,Fibularis,brevis,Nerves and vessels,Deep fibular nerve and the anterior,tibial,vessels,Superficial fibular nerve,Leg-,posterior region,Superficial structure,Small,saphenous,vein,Cutaneous,nerves,Medial,sural,cutaneous,nerve:from,tibial,nerve,Lateral,sural,cutaneous,nerve:from common fibular nerve,Sural,nerve,Leg-,posterior region,Deep structures,Deep fascia:flexor,retinaculum,Muscles:,Superficial group,Gastrocnemius,Plantaris,Soleus,Deep group,Popliteus,Flexor,digitorum,longus,Tibialis,posterior,Flexor,hallucis,longus,Tibial,nerve and the posterior,tibial,artery,Tarsal tunnel,Is formed by:,Tarsal bones,Flexor,retinaculum,Contents from anterior to posterior:,Tendon of,tibialis,posterior,Tendon of flexor,digitorum,longus,Posterior,tibial,artery and the,tibial,nerve,Tendon of flexor,hallucis,longus,The floor of the foot,Skin and superficial fascia,Planter,aponeurosis,Muscles:,Abductor,hallucis,flexor,digitorum,brevis,abductor,digiti,minimi,Tendon of flexor,digitorum,longus,quadratus,plantae,lumbricales,tendon of flexor,hallucis,longus,Flexor,hallucis,brevis,adductor,hallucis,flexor,digiti,minimi,brevis,Tendons of the fibular,longus,and the,tibialis,posterior and the seven,interossei,Medial and lateral plantar artery and nerve,