有害物质管控分析教材.ppt

Mastertextformat bearbeiten,Zweite Ebene,Dritte Ebene,Vierte Ebene,Fnfte Ebene,Bureau,Veritas,CPS-Analytical,Dans lintrt des entreprises et des Hommes,Control Material or Control Substances?,Treating the symptoms,but more to the root cause!,Hazardous Substances Deep Control Plan Analysis,A plan,which can treat the symptoms,but also the root cause,控 材 还 是 管 质？,治 标 更 要 治 本！,有 害 化 学 物 质 管 控 深 入 方 案 分 析,标 本 兼 治 的 方 案,BureauVeritas,法国国际检验局,BV,2008.6,Darryl,Yun,Analytical,BureauVeritas,RoHS,EU Directive 2002/95/EC,RoHS,不仅仅等于一个欧盟对于电子电器产品有害物质限制指令,RoHS,=Restricted Hazardous substances,RoHS,是各种有害物质限制的意思,More and more,RoHS,regulations are issued in the world,and more complicated to treat with,目前世界上越来越多的有害物质限制要求被提出，而且越来越复杂，难以应对。,We will meet a world war,the environmental protection war,the hazardous substances prohibition law.,我们将面对的是一场战争，一场环保战争，一场有害物质限制战争,它将推倒旧的，您将不得不改变，而且在“为人类的生存和幸福”的旗帜下。,So we need to CHANGE AND IMPROVE:,所以我们需要改变和进步，从以前应对欧盟2002/95/,EC,应对方法中跳出来：,FROM CONTROL OF MATERIAL TO CONGTROL OF SUBSTANCES,从对材料的控制发展到对于物质的控制,CONTROL FROM MATERIAL SUPPLY CHAIN TO SUBSTANCE SUPPLY CHAIN,从对材料供应链的控制，发展到对物质（配方）供应链的控制,GOT BOM TO BOS,获取的信息：从材料清单转而物质清单，也就是配方物质。,Foreword,前言,BOS,物质清单,PVC piece,塑料粒子,Plastizers,软化剂,Stability(UV/Thermo),稳定剂(紫外或/和热稳定剂),Flame retardant,阻燃剂,Additives(CaSO,4,),填充物,Dyestuff(Carbonize and Dyes),色母和碳黑,Mineral oils,矿油,control banned phthalates,控制禁用邻苯二甲酸酯的使用,-Control Lead or Cadmium stability using,控制铅、镉稳定剂的使用,Control UV320/326/327/328,to prevent,Benzotriazole,控制紫外稳定剂(,UV320/326/327/328),来避免,苯并三唑,-Control TPNN to prevent NP,通过控制亚磷酸三壬基苯酯来避免壬基酚,control restricted flame retardants,such as PBB/PBDE,控制限制阻燃剂的使用，如,PBB/PBDE,control the concentration of,PAHs,of Carbonize,such as heating,control the purity of solvents and paste.,控制多环芳香烃化合物的浓度，如碳黑，先烘以下！控制溶剂和浆料的纯度。,control the purity of Mineral oils for,PAHs,通过控制矿物油的纯度来控制多环芳香烃化合物的浓度,BOM,材料清单,PVC(Black),黑色,PVC,At one time,we should also take care:,同时，还要注意：,Shall know the substances change situation of materials during the production.,For example:,要了解材料中物质在生产过程中的变异情况，,如以下的例子：,Situation,现象：,in PCB,found high lead containing in some,solder point,but some not,电路板上，有的焊点高铅，有的不是,the container contain solders,found the last,1/5 with high lead,盛焊料的焊杯，下部剩下的,1/5,，会发现高铅,buy the solder thread,found one part contain,high lead,一起买的焊锡丝，总有一段高铅,Lead separate out because of gravity,铅的比重偏析。,Why?,为什么？,Possible,可能性：,pin contain lead,接脚里有铅,the soldering process exist the,situation that lead separate out,焊接过程存在偏析想象,Foreword,前言,-Chemical substances control should also be combined with other requirements,such as,RoHS,verification process should be followed with safety certification(such as GS/CE).,化学物质的控制，还要和其他的要求结合在一起，如,RoHS,的确认过程应该和安规认证(如,GS,或,CE),结合在一起。,Production process control was also very important!,For example:,生产过程的控制也非常重要。,如以下的例子：,Situation,现象：,Found,PAHs,in Plastic with painting;,发现在喷了漆的塑料上含有多环芳香烃化合物,-no,PAHs,in base Plastic;,塑料里面没有,PAHs,-low,PAHs,in Painting;,染料里面也没有,PAHs,Why?,为什么？,Before painting,worker use petrol,to clean the surface,and petrol,contain high concentration,PAHs,发现，在喷漆以前，工人用汽油擦拭,清洁表面，而汽油中含有大量,PAHs,.,Foreword,前言,So testing is not the key point,but the material assessment and.deep substances control.,因此，检测不是一切的，而应该是材料评价和物质控制,Supervise hazardous substances,监控危险物质,-,some material dont need to test for some restricted items,有的材料不必进行一些禁用项目的测试,-,some material need to test more,有的材料要加倍进行测试监控,Reduce cost,减少费用,PAHs,(PAK)+GS,多环方向烃化合物新要求,Historical,历史,In 2005 and 2006“,Stiftung,Warentest,”(independent German consumer protection organization)examines consumer goods and found alarming levels of PAH amongst other chemicals,在2005年和2006年间，,“,Stiftung Warentest,”(,一家独立的德国消费者保护组织）发现在一些消费产品的以下部件材料中含有多环芳香烃化合物，,-in,rubber,handles of tools,在工具的塑胶手柄上,-In plastic handles of pushchairs,electrical appliances and torches,在手推车、电子产品和火把的手柄上,Recall,：,In Germany and Belgium,from Jul,2005 to Jul,2007,there were a at least,US$100M products which were recalled,without any correlative law or directive.,招回案例：在德国和比利时，从2005年7月到2007年7月份已经至少有超过1亿美金的产品,在没有明确指令和法律的情况下涉及被商家招回。,PAHs,被认为有致癌作用。,From,April 1,st,2008,GS Mark certified will have to comply with new requirements covering Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(,PAHs,).,从2008年4月1日开始，,GS,产品认证都必须加入新的要求 多环芳香烃化合物。,This GS is as well as the relevant safety standards.,GS,是相应安全标准的认证。,Previously the voluntary PAH requirement becomes mandatory.,以前自愿性的多环芳香烃化合物,PAHs,的要求变成强制性的了。,The requirement and test method will be added to the ZLS standard ZEK 01-08,相应的要求和检测方法：,ZEK 01-08,Historical,历史,Limits for PAH in consumer products,消费产品中多环芳香烃化合物的限量指标,Parameter,参数,Category 1 1,类,Category 2 2,类,Category 3 3,类,Material in direct contact with food,or materials indented to be put in the mouth and toys for children aged 36 months,和食品接触材料，或有放入口中倾向的材料，36个月以下儿童玩具。,Material with foreseeable contact to skin for longer than 30 seconds(long-term skin contact)and toys not covered by category 1,皮肤接触时间大于30秒的材料（长时间皮肤接触），玩具不在此列。,Material with foreseeable contact to skin up to 30 seconds(short term skin contact)or without skin contact.,皮肤接触时间小于30秒的材料（短时间皮肤接触）。,Benzo,a,pyrene,mg/kg,Not detectable,(0,2)*,1,20,Sum 16 PAH(EPA)mg/kg,Not detectable,(detection limit,then fail;,如果大于检出限,则是阳性结果,判不合格,.,2.EN15205:2006,boiling water extraction procedure,measured by UV-,Vis,水煮萃取过程,并用分光光度计而是测试,detection limit,检出限,:0.1,g/cm2;,if detection limit,then sample contains Cr(6+);,如果大于检出限,则样品含有六价铬,.,Test method standard for,RoHS,RoHS,的测试方法,Some topic during the meeting in Tel Aviv in Mar.10/11,特拉维夫,TC111,会议的一些议题：,-Try to put(informative)annexes into normative body(GC-MS,Cr VI methods),将六价铬测试方法和气质联用方法放入附件中。,-Have the possibility to include additional test methods,加入可能的其他附加方法，如,EN15205.,-Try to merge PAS on sample,disjointment,with the IEC 62321,尝试将样品的拆解也放入标准，也有意见将另外设立方法：,-,62xxx 1 General Rules(including sample preparation),通用规则（包括样品准备）,-,62xxx 2 Method(including possible specific indication for sample preparation),方法,(包括可能的对于样品准备的特殊指导）,-,62xxx 3 Method(including possible specific indication for sample preparation),方法,(包括可能的对于样品准备的特殊指导）,Have the possibility to Include new substances(e.g.the ones suggested by Norway in their draft legislation or by the(soon to be published),RoHS,revision),挪威代表提出了是否有可能将新的限制物质（,RoHS,有可能会扩项）,也加入到这个标准中。,Test method standard for,RoHS,RoHS,的测试方法,The time frame of the publication of the standard,should,be the following:,标准发布时间表,Meeting Tel Aviv,10.&11.,March,Issue CC with observations14.March,Draft FDIS to task leader19.March,Reviewed Draft FDIS to Markus1.April,FDIS English 4.April,FDIS French 30.April,FDIS CO,official publication27.June,Voting ends 29.August,IS Sept./Oct.,Meeting(Korea)13.(PM)/14./15.October,-,The electronics industry has seen its first prosecution for noncompliance with the,RoHS,directive.,电子工业已经有第一起由于不符合,RoHS,的要求而被起诉的案件。,At the end of September,a U.K.company whose name was not disclosed was accused of marketing lead-containing products that violated the,RoHS,Lead restrictions.,在2007年9月底，一家英国的公司被发现其产品中含有被,RoHS,禁止的铅，遭到控告。,-,As a lot of political consideration and pressure,new,RoHS,will be pushed out,由于一些政治考虑和压力,新的,RoHS,将被推出（2010年）,-The pressure of,PoHS,挪威,PoHS,的压力,-The pressure of the implementation of ROHS,RoHS,执行过程不是十分顺利，需要新的推动力,-The pressure of new environmental target,新的环保目标的压力,-More and more TBT,to protect EU enterprises.,为保护欧盟企业，也需要更多的技术性贸易壁垒,New,RoHS,will be pushed out,and will add a lot of new restricted items;till now about 460 substances was brought forward,but 7 items was the hot;they are:,Arsenic,Beryllium,HBCDD,TBBP-A,MCCP,Phthalates,Bisphenol,-A.,Denmark,UK some EU countries support this.,新的,RoHS,会增加很多新的限制项目，目前已经有超过460个物质被提出，但最有可能的是以下内容：砷、铍、六溴烷十二烷、四溴双酚-,A，,中链氯化石蜡、邻苯二甲酸盐类、双酚-,A,等。包括丹麦、英国等欧盟国家都支持这一改变。,Current situation for,RoHS,implementation,目前,RoHS,执行的情况,-Cancel exemption:,Deca,-BDE will be restricted from Jul.1,2008.,取消豁免：十溴联苯醚将在2008年7月1日起正式限制使用,The European Court of Justice(ECJ)has ruled in Apr.1,2008,that flame retardant,decabromodiphenyl,ether(,deca,-BDE)will be“banned”from electrical and electronic equipment from the end of June.The European Commission(EC)had originally granted an exemption for,deca,-BDE from the list of banned substances under the,RoHS,Directive Amended version 2005/717/EC.The current exemption will apply until the 30th of June 2008.Therefore the exemption known as 9a ends on that date.,欧洲司法法庭在2008年4月1日规定：作为阻燃剂的十溴联苯醚将在六月底禁止使用在电子电器产品中。欧盟关于十溴联苯醚豁免的指令：,RoHS,指令的修订版2005/717/,EC,将十溴联苯醚豁免了，现有的豁免将被继续用到2008年6月30日，也就是说对于十溴联苯醚的第9,a,条豁免将在那一天终止。,-,New Exemption,新的豁免：,2008/385/,EC,issued in Jan.4,2008 2008,年1月4日发布,30.Cadmium alloys as electrical/mechanical solder joints to electrical conductors located directly on the voice coil in transducers used in high-powered loudspeakers with sound pressure levels of 100 dB(A)and more.,音压大于100,dB(A),的大功率扬声器中，直接位于转换器音圈上的连接电导体的作为电器/机械焊料的镉合金。,31.,Lead in soldering materials in mercury free flat fluorescent lamps(which e.g.are used for liquid crystal displays,design or industrial lighting).,无汞平板荧光灯（如用于液晶显示、设计或工业照明的荧光灯）中的焊料中的铅。,32.Lead oxide in seal frit used for making window assemblies for Argon and Krypton laser tubes.,氩和氪激光管中，使用于视窗装配的密封玻璃中的氧化铅。,Current situation for,RoHS,implementation,目前,RoHS,执行的情况,Halogen Free Solution,无卤素化和解决方案,What is Halogens and its applications?,什么是卤素及其应用？,Fluorine,氟,Chlorine,氯,Bromine,溴,Iodine,碘,Astatine,砹,Why is there a need for Halogen-Free products?,为什么需要“无卤”产品？,The term implies Halogen-Free means the product material does not contain any compounds derived from these elements.,“,无卤”意味着产品材料不包含由这些元素组成的任何化合物.,Harmful properties of the use of Halogens,使用卤素的有害性,-Carcinogenic,致癌,-Release toxic gas when,combusion,:Dioxin/Furan,燃烧时释放有毒气体,二恶因和呋喃,-,Toxic for immunity system,and effect incretion system,t,oxic,for reproduction,免疫系统毒性、内分泌系统影响、对生殖系统的毒害,-Mutagenic,诱导有机体突变,-,Most of halogen substances are environmental hormone substance,大部分卤素化合物都是环境荷尔蒙物质,Halogen Free materials or products-A new trend in E&E industry,无卤 材料及产品-电子电气行业新趋势,Halogen-free products have been available for quite some time and its use is expected to increase.This increase is driven by industry initiatives and legislation aimed at protecting the environment.Most famous manufacturers such as DELL,SONY,Matsushita and NTT have set up green procurement policies.Besides,EU,RoHS,etc regulations,restricted the some halogen substances used in certain electrical and electric equipments.,无卤产品已经启用了很长一段时间了，而且它的使用量有望继续增长。行业创新和环境保护的法律将继续推动该增长。大多数著名的制造商如,DELL,索尼,松下和,NNT,都已经建立了绿色通道政策。另外，欧盟,RoHS,指令等法规也限制一些卤素物质在某些电子电气设备中的使用.,Halogen,卤素,A halogen is defined as an element in group VII of periodic table,including Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine,Astatine.,卤素是化学元素周期表中第七族的元素，包括了氟、氯、溴、碘、砹。,Astatine is a radioelement,so in general,halogen is defined as,Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine.,砹是放射性元素，所以一般卤素质的只是氟、氯、溴、碘。,Usage of Halogen in industry,工业上卤素的用途,Halogen is used as flame retardants,refrigeration,vesicant,solvents,organic chemical industrial raw materials,dye stuff,organic pesticides,bleachers,and some plastics such as PVC additives,etcAnd the most important usage is FR.,阻燃剂、制冷剂、发泡剂、溶剂、有机化工原料、染料色母、有机杀虫剂、漂白剂,一些塑料材料如,PVC,添加剂,等.最重要的应用是阻燃剂：,1.,Bromine,溴化类,Refrigerants,flame retardants,dyestuff and pigment,制冷剂，阻燃剂，染料色母,2.,Chlorine,氯化类,Flame retardants,dyestuff and pigment,pesticide,bleacher,different kind of salt.,阻燃剂，染料色母，杀虫剂，漂白剂，各种盐,3.,Fluorine,氟化类，,Vesicant,Aerosol,Refrigerants and Fluorine content plastics,发泡剂，抛射剂，制冷剂,含氟塑料,What is Halogens and its applications?,什么是卤素及其应用？,There are 2 kind of flame retardant:,有两种类型的阻燃剂,-Addition type,Physical combine,have effect to base material,high additional quantity,but easy process.,加成型，物理结合，会影响基材特性，高加入量；但是容易加工。,-Reaction,With chemical reaction,use chemical bond to combine FR and base material,have good performance and low additional quantity.,反应型，通过化学反应，利用化学键将阻燃剂和基材结合，有良好的阻燃表现和低加入量。,And there are 4 types of fire-proof character as below form.,同时,有四种灭火特性,见下表:,What is Halogens and its applications?,什么是卤素及其应用？,Condition,条件,Method for put out fire,灭火法,Details,阻燃机制,FR,阻燃剂,Combustible,可燃物,Back out,put combustible out of the fire,隔绝法，阻碍助燃物,当发生燃烧时，分解出一种惰性气体，覆盖在燃烧物表面，形成障碍物，隔绝氧气，达到阻燃,Br/,Cl,/Phosphor,溴、氯和磷系,Combustion supporting object(Oxygen),助 燃物(氧气),Asphyxia,remove,isolate and reduce oxygen),窒息法,排除、隔绝或减少氧气,React with Oxygen,form inert gases,与氧反应形成惰性气体，笼罩在燃烧物四周，降低氧气含量,Br/,Cl,溴系、氯系,Heat energy,热能,Cooling,reduce heat energy:the temp.of combustible lower than burning point,冷却法,使可燃物的温度降低到燃点以下,Release water vapor during burning,reduce temp.,燃烧时放出水汽，吸收燃烧热气，使燃烧物周围温度降低，抑制火势,Phosphor/Inorganic,磷系和无机,Chain reaction,连锁反应,Restrain,add substance which can combine with radical,break down the chain reaction,抑制法,加入能与游离基结合的物质，破坏或阻止连锁反应,Catch free radical with combustibility,hold back the chain reaction as moving in cycles.,捕捉可燃性自由基，阻止燃烧过程中周而复始的连锁反应，达到阻燃效果,Br/,Cl,溴系、氯系,General use of Bromine and Chlorine in Electronics,电子产品中氯和溴的使用,Part type,部件形式,Potential halogen use,卤素的使用,Mechanical plastics parts,工程塑料部件,BFRs,/,CFRs,used in certain flame retardants ABS/HIPS/PC/PS and PBT resins,溴化类和氯化类阻燃剂，用于,ABS/HIPS/PC/PS/PBT,树脂,Cables,电缆,BFRs,used in cable/wire insulation material,溴化类阻燃剂用于电线和电缆绝缘材料,BFRs,used in PVC cable/wire jacketing and,overmold,使用在聚氯乙烯电线电缆护套和外膜的溴化类阻燃剂,Electronic components,电子元器件,BFRs,used in FR-4 epoxy resins,mold compounds,plastic packages,solder masks,thermal interface materials,die attach,underfills,溴化类阻燃剂应用于,FR-4,环氧树脂、模具、塑料包装、焊接面罩、热表面材料、封装和填充材料中。,Printed circuit boards,印制电路板,BFRs,used in FR-4 epoxy resins and solder masks.Sodium chloride used in commercial manufacture of epoxy resins,溴化类阻燃剂应用于,FR-4,环氧树脂、焊接面罩。应用在商业工厂环氧树脂中的氯化钠,Connectors,连接器,BFRs,used in certain flame rated PBT and PA resins,PBT,和,PA,树脂中的溴化类助燃剂,Films,adhesives,tapes,mylars,薄膜、粘合剂、带子和聚酯薄膜,BFRs,used in certain flame-rated resins,某些树脂中的溴化类阻燃剂,PVC used in certain magnetic tapes,某些磁带的,PVC,中使用,Vibration dampening parts,抗震材料,PVC used in shock absorbing or vibration dampening resins,震动和振动缓冲,PVC,材料,Soldering fluxes,助焊剂,Br and,Cl,used in flues to improve soldering,应用于改善焊接的烟道的溴和氯,Colorant（pigments and dyes),着色剂（色母、颜料和染料),Plastic colorant,paintings,fabric dyes,such as some violet colorant,塑料着色剂、油漆、织物染料等，例如一些紫色塑料着色剂含有氯或者溴,General use of Bromine and Chlorine in Electronics,电子产品中氟的使用,Main compounds,主要化合物,Main application,用途,CFC,氟氯化碳,(,Chloro,Fluoro,Carbon)High possible,ODCs,CFC-11,12,113,114,115,etc,Vesicant-cleanness agent,发泡剂-清洗剂,Propellants or solvent for dry cleaning agent,cleaning agent-,Aerosol,干洗或清洗剂的抛射剂或溶剂-喷雾剂,Refrigerants-refrigerator,制冷剂,HCFC,氢氟氯化碳,(Hydro,Chloro,Fluoro,Carbon)Low possible,ODCs,.HCFC-22,123,141b,142b,225,etc,Vesicant or for plastic,塑料发泡剂,Propellants or solvent for dry cleaning agent,cleaning agent Aerosol,抛射剂,Refrigerants-refrigerator,制冷剂,HFC,氢氟化碳,(Hydro,Fluoro,Carbon)No possible,ODCs,.HFC-32,125,134a,143a,152a,etc,Vesicant or for plastic,塑料发泡剂,Propellants or solvent for dry cleaning agent,cleaning agent Aerosol,干洗或清洗剂的抛射剂或溶剂-喷雾剂,Refrigerants-refrigerator,制冷剂,CF,2,ClBr,二氟一氯一溴甲烷(,halon,-1211),High possible,ODCs,extinguishing agent,灭火剂,C2F,4,Br,2,二溴四氟乙烷(,hal