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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,专题八、九、十 动词,【语法讲解】,一、动词时态,英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中惯用有8种，它们是：普通现在时、普通过去时、普通未来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去未来时。,第1页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,1.普通现在时,（1）,经常性或习惯性动作，常与表示频度时间状语连用。,时间状语：every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,I leave home for school at 7 every morning.,（2）,客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。,The earth moves around the sun.,Shanghai lies in the east of China.,第2页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（3）,表示格言或警句中。,Pride goes before a fall.,注意：,此使用方法假如出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语,也要用普通现在时。,例：,Columbus proved that the earth is round.,（4）,现在时刻状态、能力、性格、个性。,I dont want so much.,第3页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（5）,一些动词如,come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start,等，在普通现在时句中可用来表示未来必定会发,生动作。,The train comes at 3 oclock.,（6）,在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，普通现在时代替普通未来,时。,Ill help you as soon as you have problem.,Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.,第4页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,2.普通过去时,表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生动作或情况，通常普通过去式带有表示动作时间状语词，词组或从句,如,yesterday,the day before last,last week,two days ago,等,上下文清楚时能够不带时间状语。,I worked in that factory last year.,第5页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,3.普通未来时,（1）,表示未来动作或状态。比如：,I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.,（2）,表示未来重复发生动作或存在状态。比如：,He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.,（3）,表示未来意愿，决心，许诺，,命令等时惯用,will,，征求对方意,见，主语是第一人称时，惯用shall。,I will do my best to catch up with them.,第6页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（4）,be+going+,动词不定式。也是一个未来时句型，表示打算，计,划，最近或未来要作某事。,I am going to Beijing next week.,（5）,be+,动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。,There is to be a meeting this afternoon.,We are to meet the guests at the station.,（6）,be about+,动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。,They are about to leave.,第7页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,4.现在进行时,（1）,现在进行时使用方法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行动,作，,它重视现在正在进行动作，而不论动作从什么时间开,始，到什么时间结束。,What are you doing now?,I am looking for my key.,（2）,现在进行时表示当前一段时间内正在进行动作（但说话时,这个动作不一定在进行）。,The students are preparing for the examination.,第8页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（3）,一些动词现在进行时能够表示即将发生动作，这些动词有,arrive,come,leave,start,等。,例：,They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.,注意：,有些动词普通不能够用于进行时态,表示状态动词，尤其是静态动词，如：,be,have,表示认识、知觉和情感动词，如：,know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer,等。,第9页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,5.现在完成时,（1）,现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成动作。,I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.,They have cleaned the classroom.,（2）,现在完成时表示动作从过去开始连续到现在，或者还有可能,连续下去动作或状态。,现在完成时常与,for,和,since,引导,短语或从句连用。,We have lived here since 1976.,They have waited for more than two hours.,第10页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,注意：,普通过去时与现在完成时区分：,过去时表示过去某时发生动作或单纯叙述过去事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生，强调过去事情对现在影响，强调是影响；普通过去时常与详细时间状语连用。,试比较：,I saw this film yesterday.（强调看动作发生过了，不包括现在）,I have seen this film.（强调对现在影响，电影内容已经知道了。）,第11页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,6.过去进行时,表示过去某时正在进行状态或动作。比如：,I was watching TV when she came to see me.,注意：,过去进行时和普通过去时都是过去发生事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行动作或所处状态，强调动作连续进行，而普通过去时则表示单纯过去事实，比如：,They were building a house last month.,（上个月正在建造，建造好是否不知）,They built a new house last month.（上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）,第12页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,7.过去完成时,过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成动作或所处状态，过去完成时常和,by,before,等词组成短语和从句连用。,We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.,When we arrived at the station,they had waited for more than twenty minutes.,第13页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,二、动词语态,语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作发出者为主动语,态；主语是动作接收者为被动语态。,1.被动语态,（1）,被动语态最基本句型结构是：,be+,及物动词过去分词,（2）,被动语态中谓语动词一定要是及物动词,因为被动句中主语是动作承受者，一些短语动词如look after,think of,take care of,work out,laugh at等，也可用于被动语态。,例：The children were taken good care of by her.,第14页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（3）,主动语态变为被动语态要加“,to,”情况,若 宾语补足语是不带to 不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式,前要加,to,。这类动词为感官动词，如：,feel,hear,help,listen to,look at,make,observe,see,notice,watch,等。比如：,The teacher made me go out of the classroom.,I was made to go out of the classroom(by the teacher).,（4）,主动形式表示被动意义,如,wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,等,动词即使用做主动形式却表示被动意义。比如：,The food tastes good.,第15页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,三、非谓语动词,对非谓语动词考点是：感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语使用方法；一些特殊动词动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带,to,，但变为被动语态时就要带,to,；有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词,ing,形式作宾语，但表示意思不一样。这些都是历年中考重点。,第16页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,1.非谓语动词形式,非谓语动词指是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用动词形式，而不是作谓语动词形式。,动词非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。,2.不定式作宾语补足语,Father will not allow us to play on the street.,3.不定式作目标状语,He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.,第17页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,4.用不定式和分词作补足语都能够动词,这么动词有感官动词如：,see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel,等，使役动词如：,have,make,leave,keep,get,等。接不定式表示动作完整性，真实性；,+doing,表示动作连续性，进行性。,I saw him work in the garden yesterday.,昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。,(,强调,我看见了,这个事实,),I saw him working in the garden yesterday.,（强调,我见他正干活,这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。,第18页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,5.用不带,to,不定式情况,使役动词如：,let,have,make,等和感官动词如：,see,watch,hear,listen,to,smell,feel,find,等后作宾补，省略,to,。在被动语态中则,to,不能省掉。,6.接动名词与不定式意义不一样,（1）,stop to do,停顿，中止做某事后去做另一件事。,stop doing,停顿做某事。,（2）,forget to do,忘记要去做某事。,(,未做,),forget doing,忘记做过某事。,(,已做,),第19页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（3）,remember to do,记得去做某事,(,未做,),remember doing,记得做过某事,(,已做,),（4）,try to do,努力，企图做某事。,try doing,试验，试着做某事。,（5）,go on to do,做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。,go on doing,继续做原来做事。,（6）,mean to do,打算、想,mean doing,意味着,第20页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,经典例题1：,Im interested in animals,so I _ every Saturday working,in an animal hospital.,A.pay B.get C.take D.spend,解析：该题考查是pay,get,take spend这四个动词使用方法区分。在这,四个动词中，只有spend惯用于“spend ding sth.”句型里，,所以选D。,答案：D。,第21页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,经典例题2：,Listen Helen is singing in the next room.,It _ be Helen.She has gone to Beijing.,A.can,t B.mustn,t C.may D.should,解析：该题考查是情态动词使用方法。表示否定地推测通惯用,can,t。,答案：A。,第22页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,经典例题3：,I called you yesterday evening,but there was no answer.,Oh,I am sorry I _ dinner at my friend,s house.,A.have B.had C.was having D.have had,解析：该题考查是动词时态。他们谈论是昨天晚上某一时刻,发生事情，所以用过去进行时。,答案：D。,第23页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,经典例题4：,-How long have you _ the moteobike?,-For about two weeks.,A.bought B.had C.borrowed D.lent,解析：该题考查是延续性动词和非延续性动词使用方法区分。这四,个动词中只有,had,是延续性动词，它现在完成时能够同表,示一段时间时间状语连用。,答案：B。,第24页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,【-本土真题】,动词（词组）词义辨析,（）1.,(,云南,)As long as all the Chinese people pull together,our China Dream will _.,A.come true B.come outC.come upD.come down,（）2.,(,云南,)The volunteers _ many sings to remind,people to protect the environment.,A.put on B.put up C.put down D.put off,A,B,第25页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）3,.(,云南,)31.Oh,dear!Your room is untidy.,Sorry,mom.Ill _.,A.set it up B.clean it up C.put it up D.look it up,（）4,.,（,昆明）,High technology is used in EURO to,the,matches are fair enough in France.,A.make up B.make sure C.come out D.come over,B,B,第26页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）,5.,（,曲靖）,Several earthquakes have,around the world,A.taken care ofB.taken place,C.taken a restD.taken away,（,）6,.,（,曲靖）,When did you,going bike riding as your,hobby?,One year ago.,A.,show up B.,take up C.,make up D.,put up,B,B,第27页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,动词时态、语态,（）7,.(,云南,)Can John play soccer with us,Mrs.Black?,One moment,please.He _ on the phone to his cousin.,A.talksB.talked,C.talking D.is talking,（）8,.(,云南,),Summer holiday is coming.What are you going to do?,Im not sure.Maybe I _ to the beach.,A.go B.went C.will go D.have gone,D,C,第28页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）9,.,（,昆明）,Look!A dog,a blind man across the,road.,A.leads B.lead C.is leading D.led,（）10,.(,昆明,),Your scarf feels soft.Did you buy it in China?,No,I bought it in France.But it _ in China,A.is making B.was made C.makes D.made,C,B,第29页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）11,.,（,曲靖）,Is your bike new?,No.its a old one.I,it for three years.,A.has bought B.have bought,C.have hadD.has had,（）12,.,（,曲靖）,Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?,Yes,，,I really like him.He,by many people around the world.,A.admireB.admires,C.is admiredD.is admiring,C,C,第30页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,情态动词,（）13,.(,云南,)Nowadays,some robots are very human-like.,They _ walk and dance.,A.canB.mustC.need D.have to,（）14,.(,云南,),May I watch TV now,mum?,No,you _.You must clean your room first.,A.may not B.neednt C.cant D.mustnt,A,C,第31页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）15,.,（,曲靖）,Now all passengers,show their ID cards,and go through the safety check before they take a train.,A.,would B.may C.could D.must,(,)1,6,.,（,曲靖）,Frank will have his birthday party tomorrow.,It,be!He had it yesterday.,A.,cant,B.must,C.may,D.neednt,D,A,第32页,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）17,.(,云南,)Mary used to _ in the countryside,but,now she is used to _ in the city.,A.live;live B.live;living,C.living;live D.living;living,（）18,.,（,曲靖）,Take everything life throws at you as a chance,yourself.Whatever happens,stick to your hope.,A.improveB.improving,C.to improve D.to improving,B,C,第33页,
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