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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子概论,第1页,英语句子种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句(compound sentence),复合句(complex sentence),第2页,简单句五种,基本,句型,The weather,is,very cold.,主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语,He,laughed,.,主语+谓语（vi.）,I,like,Chinese food,.,主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语,She,taught,them,physics,.,主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语,We must keep the room,warm,.,主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,第3页,并列句,把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来。,I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.,I turned on the TV,and,my sister and I watched it.,I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.,I bought my sister a present,but,she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,惯用并列连词:,平行,并列连词:,转折,并列连词：,因果,并列连词:,选择,并列连词:,and,bothand,not only but also,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,第4页,复合句:主句+从句,名词,性从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,第5页,Noun Clause,第6页,名词性从句在功效上相当于名词,在复合句,中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语,等。,主语,His job,is important,.,What he does,is important,.,表语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day,.,第7页,宾语,I dont like,his job,.,I dont like,what he does every day,.,同位语,I dont know about the man,Mr.White,.,I dont know about the fact,that he is a teacher.,第8页,Practice time,：,指出以下各名词性从句种类。,1.At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported,that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.,2.She wondered,if the buses would still be running,.,3.The truth is,that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.,4.She sensed,that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat,.,5.,When we will start,is not clear.,6.,I had no idea,that you were her friend.,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,第9页,Object Clauses 宾语从句,第10页,I know him.,2.I know who he is.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句,，跟在,及物动词,或,介词,后,句子结构：,主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。,第11页,宾语从句注意事项,引导词,句子类型,that,陈说句,普通疑问句,if/whether(是否),特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,第12页,一、连词（引导词）,1.当宾语从句是,陈说句,时（包含必定句和否定句），连词,由,that,引导,，因为that在从句中,不作任何成份,，也,没有任何详细意思,，所以在口语或非正式文体中,常省略。,Lin Tao feels,(that)his own team is even better.,She says,(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.,Jim thought,(that)the train was like a big moving party.,第13页,宾语从句中连接词that在以下三种情况下,不能省略：,（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，,第二个that,不能省；,（2）当that从句作,介词宾语,时，that不可省掉。,（3）用,it,做,形式宾语,宾语从句。,Everyone knew what happened,and,that,she was worried.,The reason lies,in,that,she works harder than the others do.,I think,it,necessary,that,you should read English aloud.,第14页,在主句为动词be加一些形容词（如,sorry,sure,afraid,glad,等）作表语时，后面所跟省略that从句也可算是,宾语从句。,Im sorry,(that),I dont know.,Were sure,(that),our team will win.,Im afraid,(that),he wont pass the exam.,第15页,2.当宾语,从句是普通疑问句,时，由连词,whether,或,if,引导，,“,是否,”，不能省略。,Lily wanted to know,if/whether,her grandma,liked the handbag.,Lets see,if/whether,we can find out some,information about that city.,She asked me,if/whether,she could borrow,these books.,第16页,1).whether和if都能够引导宾语从句,a.当有,or not,时就用,whether,不用,if.,I dont know,whether or not,I will stay.,b.,介词,后面宾语从句不能用,if.,I worry,about whether,I hurt her feeling.,注意,whether和if使用区分:,第17页,Practice time,if/whether,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well,or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ I should go.,if/whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_,to go,.,whether,第18页,3.当宾语从句是,特殊疑问句,时，由,疑问词,（,what,who,whom,which,whose,when,where,how,why等,）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定句子成份，含有一定意义，所以,不能够省略。,Do you know,what,he said just now?,I dont remember,when,we arrived.,I asked him,where,I could get so much money.,Please tell me,who whom,we have to see.,Do you know,what,time the plane leaves?,第19页,二、时态,1.假如,主句是现在时态,（包含普通现在时，,现在进行时，现在完成时），,从句时态可根,据实际情况而定,，（包含普通现在时，普通过,去时，普通未来时，现在完成时等）。,I,know,he,lives,here .,I,know,he,lived,here ten years ago.,I,have heard,that he,will come,tomorrow.,第20页,2.,假如主句是过去时态,（包含普通过去时，过去进行时），,那么从句时态一定要用相对应过去某种时态,（包含普通过去时，过去进行时，过去未来时，过去完成时）,I knew who,lived,here.,I saw she,was talking with,her mother.,He asked whether his father,would come back,tomorrow.,He said that he,had seen,it.,第21页,3.,当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理,时用,普通现在时,。,The teacher said that the earth,travels,around the sun.,第22页,三、语序,宾语从句语序用,陈说语序,：,连接词+主语+谓语+其它成份。,I dont know,what is the matter the troublewrong,with him.,第23页,1.When will he go to the library?,His brother asks when,he will go to,the library.,His brother asks when,will he go to,the library.,2.What does he want to buy?,I dont know what,he wants to,buy.,I dont know what,does he want to,buy.,第24页,1.,The young man asked _ its summer or winter.,A.either B.that C.weather D.whether,2.,We dont know _ they did it.,A.how B.who C.what D.which,3.The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time.,A.that B.if C.when D.what time,4.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.,A.if B.where C.whether D.that,D,A,B,C,第25页,5.Could you show me _?,A.how can I get to the station,B.where is the station,C.how I could get to the station,D.how I can reach the station,6.Please tell me _.,A.what does he like B.what he does like,C.what he likes D.what he like,7.My sister told him _.,A.what day was it B.when the train arrived,C.who she was waiting D.where did you live,C,B,D,第26页,8.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.,A.who is he B.who he is,C.who is it D.who it is,9.Could you tell me how long _?,A.you have bought the watch,B.you have kept this science book,C.have you been away from China,D.have you been a member of Greener China,10.He says that if it _ tomorrow,he _ fishing.,A.will rain,wont go B.rained,wasnt go,C.rains,wont go D.rain,will go,B,C,D,第27页,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,第28页,表语从句是在复合句中作表语名词性从句,放在,系动词,之后,普通结构是“,主语+系动词+,表语从句,”。,能够接表语从句系动词有,be,look,remain,seem,第29页,连接词,：,that/whether,/as if/as though,（if 不引导表语从句),who/whom/whose/which/what,when/where/why/how/,because,The question is,whether,we can rely on him.,Thats,because,we were in need of money at that time.,He looked,as if,he was going to cry.,Thats,why,I was late.,第30页,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“,whether,”不能用“if”。,普通情况下，“,that,”不能省。,It is/was,because,.,It is/was,why,.,3.The reason(,why/for),is/was,that,.,4 The reason is,because/why,that .,第31页,1.,Thats _ the Party called on us to do.,A.why B.what C.how D.that,2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.,A.because B.why C.that D.Whether,3.That is _ they separated.,A.that B.what C.which D.where,4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.,A.what B.which C.that D.when,第32页,Subject Clauses 主语从句,第33页,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成份。,1),That,he will succeed,is certain.,2),Whether,he will go there,is not known.,3,),What,he said,is not true.,4),Where,he hid the money,is to be found out.,5),Whoever,comes,is welcome.,6)Its certain,that,he will succeed.,7),How,we can help the twins,will be discussed at the meeting.,8),When,theyll start the project,has not been decided yet.,第34页,一.由,that,引导,that 无意义,后接一个完整句子.,that 不可省。,1.,That we shall be late,is certain.,2._ is known to all.,(地球是圆,),3._ is a pity.,(你错过了这次机会),That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,二 whether,“,if”不能引导主语从句,三.疑问词,引导词,第35页,注意一:主语从句后置!,为了避,免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常,用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正主语.,That we shall be late is certain.,-,Its certain that we shall be late.,1.That the earth is round is known to all.,-,2.That you missed the chance is a pity.,-,由连词 whether,连接代词 what,who,which和,连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导,也经常后置:,It is a pity that you missed the chance.,Its known to all that the earth is round.,第36页,It,使用方法：（形式主语）,It possible/important/necessary/clear,that,很可能/主要是/必要是/很清楚,Its said/reported that.听说/据报道,Its been announced/declared that.已经通知/宣告,It seems/appears/happens.that,显然、显著、恰巧.,Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑,Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知/a common saying.（俗话说）,第37页,注意二,注意：主语从句中，谓语动词普通用,单数,What,引导主语从句，可依据,表语,决定,What he needs,_is_,that book.,What he needs _,are_,some books.,第38页,what,引导名词性从句时在从句中,充当句子成份,如主语,宾语,表语,而,that,则不然,它在句子中,只起连接作用,。比如：,(1),What,you said yesterday is right.,(2),That,she is still alive is a puzzle.,注意三：What 与 that 引导主语从句,第39页,_,he made an important speech at the meeting was true.,A.That B.Why C.What D.How,2._,well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,A If B Whether C That D Where,3._,is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.,Which;belong to b.As,belonged to,c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to,第40页,4.,Its known to us all _ a form of energy.,A.water is B.that water is,C.is water D.that water to,5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.,A.whether B.that C.what D.when,6.What I say and think _ none of your business.,A.is B.are C.has D have,第41页,同位语从句,1.跟在一些名词后面，对该名词作深入解释说明。,惯用名词有,belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion,等。,Suggestion,suggest order demand wish,等,2.惯用连词：,that;when,where,why,how,e.g.1.,消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他军队。,2.,问题是他怎样做这件事。,Word came,that,Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.,Its the question,how,he did it.,第42页,注意：,1.,同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义不可省。,2.,在,have no idea之后惯用wh-引导同位语从句。,I have no idea,where he has gone,.,I have no idea,when he did it,.,I have no idea,what he did,.,第43页,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in,China./We heard the news last night.,_,_,The fact,that,two thirds of all girls are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,_,_,We heard,the news,last night,that,the Queen of,England was on a three-day visit in China,.,第44页,4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for,the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./,The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially,kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./,Many British parents hold the view.,_,_,Many British parents hold,the view,that,teenagers,shouldnt spend too much time online,.,_,_,There is no scientific proof for,the idea,that,time travel,is possible.,_,_,The suggestion,that,Chinese students should be given,more free time,is welcomed by many people,especially,kids in school.,第45页,比较：,1.We expressed the hope,that,they had expected.,我们表示了他们曾经表示过那种希望。,2.We expressed the hope,that,they would come to visit China again.,我们希望他们再来中国访问。,定语从句,同位语从句,第46页,区分that引导同位语从句和定语从句：,引导同位语连词that在句中,不作任何句子成份,，而在定语从句中，that充当能够是,从句主语或宾语,等。,同位语从句是对前面名词内容,详细说明,，而定语从句是对前面名词,进行修饰，解释为“.,”,连词that在同位语从句中,不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当,宾语时能够省略,。,第47页,Practice:判断以下各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.They expressed the hope,that,they would come to visit China again.,2.,The hope,that,she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.,3.The fact,that,she works hard is well known,to us all.,4.I cant stand the terrible noise,that,she is crying loudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,第48页,1._,made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.,A What/because B What/that,C That/what D That/because,2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.,A What/why B That/what,C What/because D Why/that,B,A,B,3,.,He is absent from school.It is _ he is seriously ill.A.why B.because C.that D.the reason,第49页,4 _,has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.,A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever,5.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,A that B how C where D what,D,A,第50页,6-,I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.,-Is that _you had a few days off?,A why B when C what D where,7-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?,-Oh,thats _.,A what makes me feel excited,B whatever I feel excited about,C how I feel about it,D when I feel excited,A,A,第51页,._,fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.,A What B That C This D Which,10.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants.,A what B which C when D that,11.We made the suggestion that he _ his work.,A continues B continue,C continued D had continued,B,A,B,第52页,12.,There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.,A.who B.whom C.whoever D.Whomever,13.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.,why B.what C.who D.that (05),14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.(05),A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever,第53页,14.,Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut.,and he B.was that he C which he D that he,15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.,Which B.How C.What D.That,16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.,A.However B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,第54页,1.,Can you make sure _ the gold rings?,A.where she had put B.where had she put C.where she has put D.where has she put,2.,The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up.,A.is B.is because C.is that D.is what,3._,breaks the law should be punished.,A Whoever b.No matter who c.anyone.d.who,第55页,4.,That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away.,A.why B.reason why C.how D.what,5.Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have.,A.what;however B.that;whatever,C.whatever;whoever D.what;whatever,6.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise.,A.whether B.how C.where D.which,第56页,7.,Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.,A.which B.that C.what D.whether,8.,Difficulty lies _ we have no money.,A.that B.in that C.in the fact D.in the fact that,10.,I dont think the question _ they are old or young is important.,A.which B.whether C.how D.why,第57页,13.,The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow.,A.which B.when C.that D.how,14._ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.,A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter,15.I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car.,A.which B.what C.when D.that,第58页,16.,She received the message _ he would come by plane.,A.that B.which C.what D.when,17.Energy is _ makes things work.,A.what B.something C.anything D.that,18.Our city has changed a lot,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.,A.what it used to be B.that it used to be,C.which it used to be D.what was it,第59页,19.,We all know the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight,there are living things.,A.wherever B.where C.that D.that wherever,20.The true value of life is not in _,but_.,A.how you get;that you give,B.which you get;what you give,C.what you get;what you give,D.what do you get;what do you give,21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.,A.There B.This C.That D.It,第60页,
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