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*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,PART,TWO,第二篇,语法突破篇,语法专题（三）,代词,第1页,【中考考点】,(1),人称代词和物主代词不一样形式及使用方法。,(2),反身代词和指示代词人称和数改变。,(3),不定代词和疑问代词基本使用方法。,第2页,1.,分类,人称代词有些人称、数、格改变。详见下表,:,考点一,人称代词,me,us,you,you,him,she,it,they,第3页,2.,使用方法,【巧学妙记】,人称代词主格和宾格,;,人称代词有两格,分为主格和宾格,;,主格句中作主语,宾语用是宾格,;,句首、动前用主格,动后介后用宾格。,You cannot eat your cake and have it.,鱼和熊掌,不可兼得。,Tell him to call back a little later.,告诉他过一会儿再打电话来。,Who gave out the news?,谁把消息传出去,?,Its I/me.,是我。,【拓展】,(1),几个人称代词并列时次序,第4页,(2)it,使用方法,可代替前面提到过事物,也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。,This is a watch.It is new.,这是一块手表,它是新。,指时间、天气、距离等。,Hows the weather today?,今天天气怎么样,?,Its sunny.,天气晴朗。,Its eight oclock in the evening.,现在是晚上,8,点钟。,可代替动词不定式作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于一些固定句式中。,It is+,adj,./,n.,(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.(it,作形式主语,),sb.find/think it+,adj,.+to do sth.(it,作形式宾语,),Take it easy.(it,用于固定句式中,),hard for me,the homework on time.,对我而言,按时完成作业是困难。,We think it helpful,a walk after supper.,我们认为晚饭后散步有益。,him three days to finish reading the book.,读完那本书花了他三天时间。,Its,to finish,to finish,It took,第5页,考点二,物主代词,1.,分类,物主代词是用来表示所相关系词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表,:,mine,yours,his,its,第6页,2.,使用方法,【巧学妙记】,形物代词能力差,自己不能来当家,;,句子当中作定语,后面要把名词加,;,名物代词能力强,自己独来又独往,;,句子成份主表宾,后面名词不再加。,注意,(1),名词性物主代词,=,形容词性物主代词,+,名词。,This is his computer.=This computer is his.,这是他电脑。,(2),物主代词前不能再用,a,an,the,this,that,等词来修饰,如,my book,前面不能再加,a,。,第7页,1.,分类,反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表,:,考点三,反身代词,myself,yourselves,itself,themselves,第8页,2.,使用方法,(1),反身代词在句中用作宾语和表语,(,不能单独用作主语,),和句中主语相呼应,表示主语动作承受者或表现特征是自己本身。,(2),反身代词作主语或宾语同位语,起强调主语或宾语作用。,God helps those who help themselves.,天助自助者。,I am not feeling myself today.,我今天感觉不舒适。,Mary herself worked out the problem.,玛丽自己处理了这个问题。,I want to see Bob himself.,我想见鲍勃本人。,第9页,3.,固定搭配,leave sb.by oneself,把某人单独留下,随便吃,/,喝,/,用,by oneself,单独地,过得愉快,;,玩得开心,learn by oneself=teach oneself,自学,伤害某人自己,help oneself to,come to oneself,清醒,say to oneself,心里想,;,自言自语,make oneself at home,别拘束,lose oneself in,沉迷于,look after oneself,照料某人自己,dress oneself,自己穿衣,enjoy oneself,hurt oneself,第10页,指示代词是表示指示概念代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。指示代词有,:,考点四,指示代词,1.this,that,可用于电话用语中,this,代表自己,that,则代表对方,Hello!This is Jane.,你好,!,我是简。,Is that Mike?,你是迈克吗,?,Who is that?,你是谁,?,第11页,2.it,one,that,使用方法区分,为了防止重复,能够用,it,one,that,代替上文出现名词。但使用时应注意以下几点,:,(1)it,用来指上文提及同一个事物或前面提及情况,代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。,She enjoyed the story because it was very interesting.,她喜欢这个故事,因为它很有趣。,The food is delicious.I like it very much.,食物很可口,我很喜欢。,考点四,指示代词,(2)one,用于防止重复可数名词单数。它既可代替事物,泛指同类事物中一个,也能够代替人,;,其复数形式为,ones,全部格形式为,ones,如,save ones life,拯救某人生命,do ones best,尽某人最大努力。,My sweater is very old.Ill buy a new one.,我毛衣很旧了,我将买一件新。,The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine.,绿色铅笔是你,红色铅笔是我。,第12页,(3)that,能够代替物,但不能代替人,它既能够代替可数名词单数,也能够代替不可数名词,;,其复数形式为,those,。,The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.,城市人口比镇上人口多很多。,The apples in the box are different from those on the table.,箱子里苹果与桌子上苹果不一样。,第13页,3.this,that,these,those,使用方法区分,this,和,these,常指后面将要讲到事物,有启下作用,;that,和,those,常指前面已经讲过事物,有承上作用。,I shall say this to you:he is an honest man.,我将对你说这一点,:,他是一个老实人。,He fell ill.That is why he didnt come.,他病了,那就是他没来原因。,He broke the glass,and that cost him five dollars.,他打坏了玻璃,那花费了他,5,美元。,第14页,1.,定义,不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词代词称为不定代词。不定代词大多能够代替名词或形容词。多数能够作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见不定代词,:some,any,no,none,one,all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,a lot of,lots of,以及,some-,any-,no-,every-,与,-thing,-body,-one,组成复合不定代词。,考点五,不定代词,第15页,of the players played really well.,没几个球员真正打得好。,If youve got any spare milk,could you give me,?,假如你有多出牛奶,能否给我一点,?,You have done very,for us.,你几乎没为我们做什么事。,a few,Few,a little,little,第16页,(2)some,与,any,some,和,any,都表示“一些”,能够指代人或其它可数东西,也可代表不可数东西,可用作主语、宾语等。,some,用于必定句,any,用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。,在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方必定回答或表示请求、提议时用,some,。,Would you like,?,你想来点儿茶吗,?,Will you please get,for me?,请你帮我弄点儿水好吗,?,(,3)(the)other,(the)others,与,another,other,泛指“另外”,不能单独使用,后接名词复数。,others,相当于“,other+,可数名词复数”,泛指其它人或物。,the other(+,可数名词单数,),指“二者中另一个”,惯用于“,one,and the other,”结构。,the others,相当于“,the other+,可数名词复数”,表示“其余全部人或物”。,some tea,some water,第17页,another,泛指“三者或三者以上人或物中另一个”。,Do you have any other ideas?,你有别想法吗,?,I have two brothers.,is a doctor,and,is a teacher.,我有两个弟兄。一个是医生,另一个是教师。,He is always ready to help,.,他总是乐于助人。,Five of them are in the classroom.What about,?,他们中有五个人在教室里。其余人呢,?,Dont lose heart.Have,try.,别气馁,再试一次。,One,the others,others,the others,another,第18页,第19页,注意,以,some,和,any,开头复合不定代词使用方法与,some,和,any,使用方法一样。,(some,和,any,使用方法见上文,),修饰复合不定代词形容词要放在其后。,Is there,in todays newspaper?,今天报纸上有什么主要新闻吗,?,复合不定代词作主语时视为第三人称单数。如,:,Nobody,his name.,没有些人知道他名字。,anything important,knows,第20页,第21页,(6)either,与,neither,either,意为“二者中任何一个”,;neither,意为“二者都不”。二者在句中可作主语、宾语或定语等。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。,Will you go there by bus or by bike?,你将乘公交车还是骑自行车去那里,?,Neither.I will go there by car.,都不,我将乘小汽车去那里。,Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen?,你们两个谁知道我在哪儿能够买到这种钢笔,?,第22页,第23页,(8)many,与,much,many,表示“很多人或东西”,代表可数名词,;much,表示“好多”,可代表不可数事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语等。,Many of the mistakes were just careless.,错误中有很多是粗心造成。,I have no time to do much.,我没有时间做很多事。,(9)all,与,both,all,指“三者或三者以上人或物都”,;both,指“两个人,或物都”。,all,和,both,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。,I know all of the four British students in their school.,他们学校四名英国学生我都认识。,Would you like this one or that one?,你要这个还是那个,?,Both.,两个都要。,第24页,考点六,疑问代词,1.who,与,whom,who,可作主语、表语或宾语,;whom,只能作宾语。,Who put the light out before I finished my homework?,谁在我做完作业前把灯熄灭了,?,Who/Whom do you usually turn to when in trouble?,当你处于困境中时,通常向谁求援,?,第25页,2.what,与,which,what,泛指“哪一类”,;which,常在详细范围内进行选择,意为“哪一个”。,What colour do you like?,你喜欢什么颜色,?,Which colour do you like better,pink or purple?,粉红色和紫色,你更喜欢哪一个,?,第26页,
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