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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Welcome!,1/68,Grammar,Unit 8,2/68,动词ing形式的用法,3/68,构 成,由动词原形加-ing组成,时态和语态改变,主动形式,被动形式,普通式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,4/68,功效,动词-ing形式及其短语能够在句中作,主语，宾语，表语，定语，补足语和状语,。,否定式,由not加动名词组成,5/68,谓语动词用单数,Learning,is,difficult but interesting.,Waving,ones hand,is,to say“Hi”or“Goodbye”.,Learning,how to apologize,is,important in international communication.,Walking,is,good for health.,Seeing,is,believing.,Reading,aloud,is,very important in learning English.,做主语,6/68,【注】,在下面结构中，可用it作形式主语，把真正主语即动名词放在句末。,Its no good,talking about it.谈也无用。,Its no good,helping him.He doesnt help himself.,Its no use,arguing with Tom.He is stubborn.,Its no use,crying over spilt milk.,It is no good,use+动词ing 干没有用,7/68,作宾语,一、作直接宾语,eg.Gesture is a way to express,meaning,and,feeling,without words.,Taking,nodding,the head for example.,8/68,只可接动词-ing形式作宾语动词：,avoid,防止；,appreciate,观赏；,admit,认可；,consider,考虑；,delay,拖延，推迟；,dislike,；,enjoy；escape,逃避；,excuse,原谅，宽恕；,finish,complete；forgive,原谅；,imagine,想象；,keep,保持；,mind,介意；,prevent,阻止；miss,错过，想念；,practice,练习；,suggest,advise,介意；,risk,，冒险。,9/68,eg.I have to,delay answering,the letter.,All of us,enjoy playing,football.,Excuse my coming,late.,Can you,imagine him becoming,famous as an actor?,Would you,mind my smoking,here?,Do you,mind giving,me a glass of water?,Of course,I cant,prevent your coming,.,We should,practice reading,English every day.,He,suggested going,for a walk.,I,advise waiting,till the proper time.,I,miss living,in the country.,I dont want to,miss seeing,that play on TV tonight.,10/68,后接动词-ing形式作宾语短语动词：,feel like,喜欢，想要.;,give up,放弃；,put off,推迟；,be fond of,喜欢；,be interested in,感兴趣；,look forward to,期望；,cant help,禁不住;,spend in,花费；,devoteto,贡献；,contribute to,有利于；,refer to,指是；,lead to,通向；,Prefer doing A to doing B,宁愿A不愿B;,insist on,坚持；,object to,反对。,11/68,eg.We,are fond of swimming,.,I dont,feel like going,to work today.,Im,looking forward to getting,another job.,I,prefer walking to riding,.,I dont think his words,contribute to solving,the hard problem.,12/68,二、作介词宾语,1.One cannot use English well,by knowing,only the words and grammar.,2.Whenever you come across new words,in your reading,look them up in the dictionary.,3.Nothing can be learned,without giving,time and effort to it.,4.We,are tired of having,the same kind of food every day.,5.He earns his living,by teaching,.,6.,Instead of going,to Zhongshan Park,they went to the Zoo.,13/68,to do sty.,doing sth.,forget,remember,regret,mean,go on,stop,try,忘记,去做,某事,忘记,已经做过,某事,记住,去做,某事,记住,曾做过,某事,遗憾,去做,某事,后悔,做过,某事,打算/想做某事,意味着做某事,（做完某事）接着去做另一件事,继续做同一件事,停下来去做另一件事,停顿做一件事,努力去做某事,试着做某事,14/68,stop,stop to do 停下来去做另一件事（,两件事,）stop doing 停顿正在做事（,一件,）,eg.We are too tired,we stop _.,A.have a rest B.to have a rest,C.having a rest D.had a rest,Seeing the teacher come in,all students stop_.,A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked,try,eg.The young man tries _her husband not to go out.,A.persuade B.persuading C.to persuade D.persuaded,He,tries doing,the job by himself.,15/68,forget,remember,forget to do,忘记去做（,还没有做,）,forget doing,忘记做过（,已做,）,remember to do,记得去做（,还没有做,）,remember doing,记得做过（,已做,）,eg.Dont forget_ the windows when you leave the house.,A.close B.to close C.closed D.closing,I remember _ the old man some day,but I forgot about his name.,A.see B.to see C.seeing D.seen,16/68,regret,eg.I,regret to inform,you:you are arrested.,The old man,regrets beating,his grandson.,go on,eg.The little girl has a rest and,goes on,_.,A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied,Although it is dark,Mary,goes on,_.,A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied,mean,eg.I dont,mean,_ him to take part in my party,but my words,mean,_.,A.to invite;to invite B.to invite;inviting,C.inviting;to invite D.inviting;inviting,17/68,作表语,His favorite sport is,skating,.,What she likes best is,singing,pop songs.,The story is very,moving,.,The news is,surprising,.,Her job was,looking after,the pigs.,His hobbies is,collecting,stamps.,【注】动名词作表语时，,不可与进行时态相混同,。试比较：,She was,washing,clothes.（现在进行时）,Her job was,washing,clothes.（动名词）,18/68,tips,动名词：,笼统、泛指意思；抽象或经常性动作,。,动词不定式：,详细或特定动作.,eg.The students,like playing,football.这些学生喜欢踢足球。（,经常性兴趣,）,Would you,like to play,football this afternoon.你今天下午愿意踢球吗？（,指一次动作,）,19/68,作定语,动词-ing形式,以,单词形式,作定语时,，,放在所修饰名词,之前,eg.a,reading,room阅览室,writing,paper信纸,a,walking,stick 拐杖,building,materials建筑材料,a,sleeping,boy睡着男孩 a,flying,kite飞着风筝,This reminds me of Italy,when it was still a,developing,country.,My father works in a,printing,shop,.,Our school built a,swimming,pool,last summer.,Our teacher uses a very good,teaching,method,.,以,短语形式,作定语时,，,置于所修饰名词,之后,。,The woman,coming to dinner this evening,is a friend of my mothers.,20/68,-ing分词作定语能够表示,(1)所修饰名词用途。如：,a waiting room(=a room for waiting)候车室,a walking stick(=a stick for walking)手杖,a sleeping car(=a car for sleeping)卧车,（2）所修饰词性质特征。如：,exciting news 令人激动消息,a moving story 一个令人感动故事,所修饰名词正在进行动作，能够换成定语,从句形式。如：,a sleeping child(=a child who is sleeping)正睡觉孩子,a walking man(=a man who is walking)正散步男人,the man,standing at the gate=,the man,who is standing at the gate,21/68,作宾语补足语,在,see,hear,feel,watch,notice，listen to,observe,等感官动词以及,find,look at,smell,get,leave,have,等后能够用-ing 形式做宾语补足语，表示宾语进行动作，含有“,主动,”和“,进行,”含义。,eg.Sometime in the night Bill woke and,found,Joe,sitting,up in bed,crying,.,His son felt unhappy when he,saw,his classmates,wearing,brand clothes.,It is quite rude to talk with a person in your native language and,leave,your American friends,standing,there.,22/68,作状语,1.时间，原因，方式，条件，伴随，结果状语等；,2.表“,主动,”和“,进行,”含义，其,动作与句子谓语时,同时,；,3.若本身没有自己逻辑主语，则其动作逻辑主语应是句子主语。,23/68,1.Doing,a lot of listening in English,you can increase your vocabulary.（方式）,2.Try to tell your classmates a story,using,those phrases you have learned.（方式）,3.He wandered the streets,trying,to find a way to make some money.（结果）,24/68,假如动词-ing形式表示动作出现在句子谓语之前，则用动词-ing形式完成式“,having+动词过去分词,”。,eg.,Having finished,their work,they had a rest.,25/68,引导状语从句关联词 if,when,how,where等等，能够直接用于动词-ing形式之前。,eg.,If being,able to speak another language,one will be qualified for many jobs today.,26/68,(1)-ing分词在句中能够作,伴随状语,，常放于句后，表示主语正在进行另一个动作，来对谓语表示主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。如：,They sat in front of the building,laughing and chatting,.,He worked late yesterday,preparing,for the lecture.,(2)-ing分词能够作,时间状语,，常放在句首，如：,(When),Walking,in the street,I caught sight of a tailors shop.,(After),Finishing,my work,I went out.,Having told,us a funny story,the teacher went on,to explain the text to us.,27/68,(3)-ing分词能够作,原因状语,，常放句首。,如：,Being,ill,he cant go to school.,Not knowing,her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.,Having lived,in the city for many years,he knows it very well.,(4)-ing分词能够作,条件状语,，常放句首。,Turning to the right,youll find the post office there.,(5)-ing分词能够作,结果状语,，常放句末。,He turned off the light,seeing nothing,.,28/68,29/68,30/68,31/68,32/68,33/68,34/68,35/68,36/68,37/68,38/68,39/68,40/68,41/68,42/68,43/68,44/68,45/68,46/68,47/68,48/68,49/68,50/68,51/68,52/68,53/68,54/68,55/68,56/68,57/68,58/68,59/68,60/68,61/68,62/68,63/68,64/68,65/68,66/68,67/68,68/68,
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