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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,高考二轮复习,定语从句,1/62,全国卷,新课标卷,地方卷,全国,卷,(,定语从句,who;,状语从句,as/when),新课标,卷,(,定语从句关系代词,that/which),新课标,卷,(,定语从句,where),江苏(定语从句),浙江(定语从句),北京(定语从句),湖南(非限制性定语从句which),广东(定语从句where),四川(定语从句whose),考点纵横,找准先行词，准确判断先行词在定语从句中所做成份。,关注定语从句考查重点，难点和交叉点。并列句，状语从句，强调句，名词性从句和定语从句综合考查。,2/62,考纲解读,依据考纲要求,考生应做到:,1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句;,2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句;,3.,定语从句中主谓一致；,4.which,与,that,区分；,as,与,which,区分；,whose,与,of which,转换。,3/62,1.(,全国,)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC,influenced the development of chopsticks.,解析：,此处,who,引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。,2.(江苏),Many young people,，,most of,_,were well-educated,，,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams,.,解析：,本题定语从句先行词是,people,，关系代词,whom,指代先行词,people,，在从句中作介词,of,宾语。,考题导引,who,whom,4/62,3,(浙江),Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,，,none of,_ has been proved,.,解析：,这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是,theories,，指物，这里用“代词,+of+which,”引导定语从句，,which,作介词,of,宾语。,4,(,北京,)I live door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.,解析：,couple,是先行词，,children,和,couple,是所属关系，故填,whose,。,which,whose,5/62,5.,(陕西),As the smallest child of his family,，,Alex is always longing for the time _,he should be able to be independent,.,解析,此处用,when,引导定语从句修饰先行词,the time,，,the time,在从句中作时间状语。,when,6/62,知识网络,7/62,知识梳理,一、关系代词引导定语从句,1who,whom,whose引导定语从句,(1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；二者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that能够省略。,8/62,Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.,我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中认识同校同学成了好朋友。,I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.,我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们朋友。,9/62,(2)whose表所属关系，普通指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。,The school shop,whose customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.,这家校内商店主要用户是学生，放假时商店关门。,2that,which引导定语从句,(1)which指物，在从句中能够作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时能够省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中能够作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时能够省略。,She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.,她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造博物馆。,10/62,(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which情况：,先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,the one等时。,I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.,我拒绝接收因他人错误而对我进行指责。,先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。,The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.,他们在桂林参观第一个地方是象鼻山。,11/62,先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,all等修饰时。,The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.,这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃。,先行词中现有表示人又有表示物名词时。,They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.,他们将永远不会忘记在他们长途旅行中见到或听说过人和事。,12/62,(3)关系词只用which而不用that情况：,关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。,The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much.,这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。,当从句中介词提前，组成“介词关系代词”结构时。,We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.,我们生活在一个信息比以前更轻易取得时代。,13/62,3as引导定语从句,(1)as 能够引导限制性定语从句，惯用于“so/such/the same先行词as.”结构中。,Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.,像在我们车间使用机器是中国制造。,14/62,名师指津：,which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。,Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in,which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(安徽高考单项选择),莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有梦想之一变成现实。,15/62,(2)as 也能够引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。,惯用这种类似插入语句式有：as the saying goes,as is said above,as is mentioned above,as often happens,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等。,“You cant judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.,正如老话所说那样：“人不可貌相。”,16/62,二、关系副词引导定语从句,1where 引导定语从句,where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。,Opposite is St.Pauls Church,where you can hear some lovely music.(北京高考单项选择),Opposite is St.Pauls Church,in which you can hear some lovely music.,对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听音乐。,17/62,名师指津：,当先行词为situation,case,stage,point,activity,atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生情况、阶段等时，惯用关系副词where引导。,They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.,他们已经到了必须分手地步。,18/62,2when 引导定语从句,when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during.which”结构。,I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.,(湖南高考单项选择),我正期盼那一天到来，那时我女儿能够读这本书，而且了解我对她感情。,19/62,3why引导定语从句,why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。,Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting?,你知道他没参加会议原因吗？,20/62,名师指津：,非限制性定语从句中，惯用for which 表示原因而不用why。,I had told them the reason,for which I didnt attend the meeting.,我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。,21/62,三、“介词关系词”引导定语从句,1介词和关系代词确实定,若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时惯用whom，指物时惯用which。另外，whose也能够放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。普通来说，确定关系代词前介词，能够从以下三方面入手：,22/62,Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.,皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于事业。(be devoted to“献身，致力于”),Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.(湖南高考单项选择),心灵呵护是一个渐进过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小细节也应该考虑在内。,Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which(whose price)was very reasonable.,最近我买了个古代花瓶，它价钱很合理。,23/62,2“of关系代词”引导定语从句,在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词前、后表示整体与部分关系能够用of which/whom。,He had a lot of friends,none of whom would offer help to him when he was in trouble.,他有许多朋友，但当他碰到麻烦时没有些人会给他提供帮助。,24/62,3“介词where”引导定语从句,有时“介词where”能够引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导定语从句从意思上加以区分。,His head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees.,他头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window),25/62,考点,1,what,和,that,引导名词性从句,1.It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(,江苏，,21),A.why B.what C.as D.that,解析,考查主语从句引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中,it,为形式主语，真正主语为后面名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成份，故要用,that,引导。,考点突破,26/62,考点,1,as,，,which,引导非限制性定语从句,1.It is a truly delightful place,，,_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.,(,湖南，,29),A.as B.where C.thatD.which,解析,句意为：它确实是一个令人感到高兴地方，它看起来一定跟,100,年前一样，有着蜿蜒街道和漂亮村舍。本句中先行词是,a truly delightful place,，且后面定语从句中缺乏主语，可用,which,或,that,引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用,which,。,27/62,2.,China,Today,attracts a worldwide readership,，,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.,(,福建，,34),A.who B.whom,C.that D.which,解析,句意为：今日中国吸引了全世界读者，这表明世界上越来越多人想了解中国。先行词指代前面整个主句，在从句中作主语，且空格前有逗号，故用,which,来引导。,28/62,3.The number of smokers,，,_ is reported,，,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(,江苏，,21),A.it B.which C.what D.as,解析,考查定语从句。句意为：据报道，吸烟者数量在一年内下降了,17%,。,as,引导非限制性定语从句，意为,“,正如,”,，符合句意，故选,D,项。,29/62,考点归纳,关系代词,as,与,which,引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词都能够是整个主句，指代主句整个意思。但,as,和,which,含有不一样词义、句法和使用方法。,1.as,意为,“,正如，像,”,。,as,引导定语从句能够置于句首、句中或句尾。,The famous magician Liu Qian,，,as we all know,，,is from Taiwan.,众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。,As is often the case,，,girls like dolls while boys like guns.,女孩子喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见情况。,30/62,2.which,引导定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，能够用,and this,，,and that,代替，常译为,“,这一点，这件事,”,等。它只能位于主句后面。,He changed his mind again,，,which(,and this/that)made us all angry.,他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。,She tore up my photos,，,which(,and that)upset me.,她撕碎了我照片，这使我很不安。,31/62,3.as,有以下常见,“,固定表示,”,：,as we all know,众所周知；,as I can remember,正如我所记得；,as often happens,正如经常发生那样；,as we expect,正如我们预料那样；,as you see,正如你所见；,as was expected,正如预料那样；,as can be seen,看得出来；,as may be imagined,正如能够想象那样；,as has been said above,如上所述；,as we all can see,正如我们都能看到那样；,as is often the case,情况经常如此；,as everybody can do,正如人人都能做到那样。,32/62,考点,2,where,引导定语从句,1.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(,天津，,15),A.where B.which,C.when D.who,解析,句意为：该企业老板正在努力营造一个轻松气氛，这么他员工就能够在这种气氛中享受工作乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为,an easy atmosphere,，且从句中缺乏地点状语，故要用,where,。,33/62,2.Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.(,福建，,31),A.who B.when,C.which D.where,解析,关系副词,where,引导定语从句修饰先行词,community activities,，且在从句中作地点状语。,34/62,3.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,，,especially at work _ a good impression is a must.(,江苏，,22),A.which B.when,C.as D.where,解析,句意为：这本书极大地帮助了我日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象工作当中。,work,后跟一个定语从句，且,work,在从句中作状语，表示一个抽象地点名词，用,where,来引导。,35/62,当先行词为,position,，,case,，,point,，,stage,，,situation,，,condition,等表示抽象地点名词，且定语从句中不缺乏主要成份时，惯用,where,引导定语从句，此时,where,相当于,under which,，,from which,，意为,“,在这种情况下，从,中,”,。一些不是显著表示地点名词作先行词时，也惯用,where,引导定语从句。,He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(,江西，,33),他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生事情。,Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(,四川，,9),现在人们愈加关注他们生活环境。,考点归纳,36/62,考点,3,when,引导定语从句,1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,，,_ the weather may be better.(,天津，,9),A.that B.where,C.which D.when,解析,句意为：我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更加好。分析句子成份可知定语从句中缺乏时间状语，故用,when,引导。,37/62,2.As the smallest child of his family,，,Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.(,陕西，,15),A.which B.where,C.whom D.when,解析,句意为：作为家里最小孩子，亚历克斯总是期望着他能独立时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为,the time,，表示时间，且从句中缺乏状语，故用,when,引导。,38/62,3.I didn,t become a serious climber until the fifth grade,，,_ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.,(,浙江，,5),A.when B.where,C.which D.why,解析,句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬人，当初我爬上树取下了一个挂在树枝上风筝。,when,引导非限制性定语从句是对先行词,the fifth grade,深入说明，,when,在从句中作时间状语。,39/62,关系副词,when,在定语从句中作状语，普通不能省略，可用,“,介词,which,”,替换。,when,指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它先行词通常为,time,，,day,，,morning,，,night,，,week,，,year,等表示时间名词。有时候,when,也能够和部分介词一起引导定语从句。,I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.,我依然记得第一次坐飞机旅行时间。,She went to Japan two years ago,，,since when I haven,t heard from her.,她两年前往了日本，从那以后我就没有收到过她来信。,考点归纳,40/62,考点,4,whose,引导定语从句,1.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(,北京，,22),A.whose B.why,C.where D.which,解析,句意为：我住在一对夫妇隔壁，他们孩子经常弄出很大噪音。先行词为,couple,，由句意可知,children,与,couple,之间为所属关系，故用关系代词,whose,。,41/62,2.The books on the desk,，,_ covers are shiny,，,are prizes for us.(,四川，,3),A.which B.what,C.whose D.that,解析,句意为：桌面上那些封面闪亮书是为我们准备奖品。本题考查非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词,the books,和,covers,之间是所属关系，故选,C,。,42/62,3.A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(,山东，,10),A.which B.whose,C.who D.why,解析,考查定语从句关系词使用方法。句意为：国内市场利润萎缩企业可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词,profits,和先行词,company,形成所属关系，故选择,whose,。,43/62,whose,普通指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，,“,whose,名词,”,可用,“,限定词名词,of which,”,或,“,of which,限定词名词,”,来代替。,Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?,你认识那个日语非常优异姑娘吗？,Please pass me the book whose cover is green.,Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.,请递给我封面是绿色那本书。,考点归纳,44/62,考点,5,“,介词关系代词,”,引导定语从句,1.Many young people,，,most _ were well-educated,，,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(,江苏，,23),A.of which B.of them,C.of whom D.of those,解析,句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地域去追逐梦想，他们中大多数人都受过良好教育。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为,many young people,，作介词,of,宾语，故要用,whom,。,45/62,2.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,，,none of _ has been proved.(,浙江，,11),A.whom B.which,C.what D.that,解析,句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为何哭泣时流泪理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成份可知，逗号后是,“,代词,of,which/whom,”,引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是,many theories,，指物，故应用,which,。,46/62,3.He wrote many children,s books,，,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.(,重庆，,14),A.whom B.which,C.them D.that,解析,句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有二分之一书是在,20,世纪,90,年代出版。逗号之后是一个修饰,children,s books,非限制性定语从句，,which,指代,children,s books,。,47/62,1.“,介词关系代词,”,引导定语从句时，介词宾语只能用,which(,指物,),和,whom(,指人,),，即：介词,which/whom,。不能用,that,和,who,。,This is the teacher from whom weve learned a lot.,这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西老师。,Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live.,我们所居住城市发生了巨大改变。,考点归纳,48/62,2.“,名词,/,代词,/,数词等,of,which/whom”,引导定语从句。介词,of,表示整体和部分关系，,of,前边会出现复杂形式，常见有,“,some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the biggest/half/,many,等,of,which/whom”,形式。做题时假如不好了解，可将关系代词换成先行词，则句子结构和意义就比较显著了。,John invited about 40 people to his wedding,，,most of whom are family members.(,重庆，,24),约翰大约邀请了,40,人参加他婚礼，其中大多数是他家人。,49/62,3.,介词,which,名词,His wife got seriously ill,，,in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.,他妻子病得很重，所以他不得不放弃出国机会。,4.“,复合介词短语,which”,引导定语从句。此结构常与先行词用逗号分开，且定语从句惯用倒装语序。,They arrived at the house,，,in front of which sat a little boy.,他们抵达那座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。,50/62,5.from where,为,“,介词关系副词,”,结构，也能够引导定语从句。,He hid himself behind the door,，,from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.,他躲在门后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上什么东西。,(from where,指代,from behind the door,，并非指代,from the door),51/62,考点,6,定语从句易混辨析,1.It,s not doing the things we like,，,but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.(,湖南，,33),A.that B.which,C.what D.who,52/62,解析,考查强调句型判定。句意为：让生活愉快不是做我们喜欢事情，而是喜欢那些我们不得不做事情。强调句型判断方法是将,It is/was,与,that,去掉，来验证句子成份是否完整。经判断句子,“,Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.,”,成份完整，结构正确，由此能够判定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用,that,。本题中包含结构,not.but.,“,不是,而是,”,，连接平行并列结构。,53/62,2.It was the culture,，,rather than the language,，,_ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(,福建，,29),A.where B.why,C.that D.what,解析,考查强调句。句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他极难适应国外新环境。去掉,It was,及空格处所填词此句成份仍完整，由此可断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处用,that,。,54/62,1.,定语从句与并列句：并列句有,and,，,but,，,so,等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句关系词了。,He has two children,，,and both of them are abroad.,He has two children,，,both of whom are abroad.,2.,定语从句与地点状语从句：定语从句有表示地点先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句关系词依据需要可用,“,介词,which,”,来代替,where,，而地点状语从句则通常只能由,where,引导。,Rice doesn,t grow well where there is not enough water.(,状语从句,),I still remember the farm where(,in which)my parents worked ten years ago.(,定语从句,),考点归纳,55/62,3.,定语从句与强调句：强调句结构为,“,It is/was,被强调部分,that,从句,”,。被强调部分能够是除谓语以外任何成份，当被强调部分是人时，还可用,who,代替,that,。检测是否是强调句方法是：把强调句中,It is/was,与,that/who,去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或降低任何单词情况下，如句子依然成立则为强调句，不然为定语从句。,It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport.,(,强调句,),It is the factory where Mr Wang works.(,定语从句,),56/62,4.,定语从句与结果状语从句：在,such.as/that,结构中，假如复合句中需要一个引导词，同时又需在从句中充当一定成份，则用,as,作关系词来引导定语从句。假如从句中不缺乏任何成份，所需要词只起连接作用，则要用,that,来引导结果状语从句。,She is such a kind and funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her.,It is such a big stone as no one can move.,57/62,真题感悟,1(新课标全国卷语法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.,2(广东高考语法填空)When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly.,3(新课标全国卷语法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy
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