现代大学英语精读四.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,A Drink in the Passage,1/97,Author,Alan Paton,(1903-1988),2/97,Alan Paton was born in Pietermaritzburg,South Africa.,He started his career by teaching at a school in Ixopo.The dramatic career change to director of a reformatory(管教所）for black youths at Diepkloof,near Johannesburg,had a profound effect on his thinking.The publication of,Cry,the Beloved Country,(1948)made him one of South Africas best known writers,and by the time he died,it had sold over 15 million copies.,Following his non-racial ideals,he helped to found the South African Liberal Party and became its president.,3/97,His Works,Cry,the Beloved Country,Perhaps the most famous novel to come out of South Africa,Patons 1948 work brought to the notice of the world the dilemmas of ordinary South Africans living under an oppressive system,one which threatened to destroy their very humanity.Informed by Patons Christian and liberal beliefs,the novel tells of a rural Zulu parsons（牧师）heart-breaking search for his son,who has been drawn into the criminal underworld of the city.,Cry,the Beloved Country,has sold millions of copies around the world.,4/97,Apartheid,With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948,racial discrimination was institutionalized（使制度化）.Race laws touched every aspect of social life,including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites,and the sanctioning（认可）of“white-only”jobs.In 1950,the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified into one of three categories:white,black(African),or colored(of mixed decent).The coloured category included,5/97,Apartheid,major subgroups of Indians and Asians.Classification into these categories was based on appearance,social acceptance,and descent（血统）.Non-compliance with the race laws were dealt with harshly.All blacks were required to carry“pass books”containing fingerprints,photo and information on access to non-black areas.,6/97,Apartheid,In 1960,a large group of blacks in Sharpeville refused to carry their passes;the government declared a state of emergency.The emergency lasted for 156 days,leaving 69 people dead and 187 people wounded.Wielding（掌握、利用）the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act,the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of apartheid,.,7/97,Jubilee,n.,a date that is celebrated because it is exactly 25 years,50 years etc.after an important event,25、50/60年等含有特殊意义周年纪念,Do you know how many years they are marking?,1.silver jubilee A.,50 years,2.golden jubilee,B.60 years,3.diamond jubilee C.,25 years,1-C 2-A 3-B,8/97,The news,caused a sensation,because it proved that Dorlin still had gold deposits.,This is a show that would,cause a sensation,in London or New York.,extreme excitement or interest,or someone or something that causes this,轰动、引发轰动人或事,Word formations,sensational(,a.,),sensationalize(,v.,),17.,sensation(1),n.,9/97,a feeling that you get from one of your five senses,感官感觉能力,The sensation of sight 视觉,Sensation of tiredness 疲劳感,He could feel no sensation in his arm.,他以为自己手臂麻木了。,17.,sensation(2),n,.,10/97,Caroline had the,sensation,that she was being watched.,It was a strange,sensation,I felt Id been there before.,n.,a feeling that is difficult to describe,caused by a particular event,experience,or memory感觉、知觉,17.,sensation(3),11/97,In the year 1960 the Union Africa celebrated its,Golden Jubilee,and there was a,nationwide,sensation,when the one-thousand-pound prize for the finest piece of sculpture was won by a black man,Edward Simelane.,In the year 1960,the Union of South Africa celebrated its fiftieth anniversary,and there was a great excitement throughout the country when people heard that the prize for the finest piece of sculpture was won by a black man.,12/97,excite,:to arouse 激起、激发,His speech didnt excite much interest in voters.,The news has certainly excited comment.,13/97,conscience(1),n.,a.,the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong,He was a man of strong social,conscience,who actively campaigned against poverty in all its forms.,Well,at least I can face them all with a clear/good,conscience,(=when you know that you have done nothing wrong).,It eased her own conscience.不再受良心责备,14/97,conscience(2),n.,b.,a guilty feeling that you have about something bad you have done,Ann felt,a pang(剧痛）/twinge（刺痛）of conscience,at having misjudged her.,They,have no conscience,at all,about,cheating.(=not feel guilty about cheating),15/97,His work,African Mother and Child,(1)not only,excited,the admiration,(2)but,touched,the(A)conscience or,(B)heart or,(C)whatever it was that responded,of white South Africa.,that responded:,here means responded in that way or similarly responded,(3),seemed,likely to make him famous,16/97,It was by a careless mistake that his work was accepted,because as a black person,he was not supposed to participate in the competition.,emphatic structure,a mistake that you make by not noticing sth.or by forgetting to do sth.错误、疏漏,It was by an oversight that his work was accepted,17/97,segregate(1),v.,a.,to separate one group of people from others,especially because they are of a different race,sex,or religion,(oppo,.)integrate,Male prisoners were strictly,segregated from,the females.,Schools should not,segregate,children with disabilities.,Blacks were,segregated from,whites in schools.,18/97,segregate(2),v.,b.,to separate one part of a place or thing from another,The coffee room had been,segregated into,smoking and non-smoking areas.,They too were,segregated into,wagons for families and those for single men.,separate,keep sb.apart,isolate,cut sb.off from,apartheid 南非种族隔离(=segregation),19/97,reprimand,v.&n.,to tell someone officially that something they have done is very wrong,to received a severe,reprimand,for sth.,Once he had forgotten to lock Mr Corcorans office and had been harshly,reprimanded,.,The military court,reprimanded,him for failing to do his duty.,a private reprimand:,a criticism that is not make public,20/97,omit:,to leave out,1.遗漏、疏忽、忘记,He omitted to state his reasons.,Dont omit locking(or:to lock)the door.,2.省略、删节,Omit a passage from the text.,omission,omissible 可省略,omissive:省略、遗漏,21/97,soas to,Im not so stupid as to believe him.,indisputably:,dispute:to argue about sth.esp.angrily and for a long period 争论,disputable:able to be questioned 有争辩余地,22/97,bring sth.to a close：,to,end or conclude sth.结束,Finally the meeting was,brought to a close,by the new chairman.,The government was anxious to,bring,the hostage crisis,to a close,.,23/97,but in certain powerful quarters,there was an outcry against any departure from the“traditional policies”of the country,a usually unspecified group of people,a strong protest or objection,but in certain politically influential circles,there was a strong protest against this decision as it was not in conformity with the traditional,apartheid policies of the country,referring to the racial policies which had been in effect for many years,24/97,quarters(from,among,in),:某方面人士,Information from the high quarters,来自高层信息,outcry,:公开抗议、呐喊,Despite the outcry,the university refused to change its admission policies.,departure,(from):a divergence from a rule or traditional practice 偏离、背离、违反,Their new designs represent a departure from their usual style.,25/97,renounce,v.,to give up(a title,for example),especially by formal announcement 申明放弃,Edward,renounced,his claim to the French throne.,Rudolph voluntarily,renounced,his U.S.citizenship.,We absolutely,renounce,all forms of terrorism.,These groups must,renounce,violence if there is to be progress towards peace.,26/97,Avert 防止、预防,vt.,to prevent something unpleasant from happening,Talks will be held today in a final attempt to,avert,strike action.,Luckily the pilot saw the other plane just in time,and a disaster was narrowly,averted,.,I was relieved that we had,averted,yet another financial crisis.,27/97,feel up to sth.,to have the strength,energy etc to do something;to be well enough to,有力气、有精力去做某事,I just didnt,feel up to going,.,You dont need to go back to school if you,dont,feel up to it,.,He is scheduled to join the team in Calgary,late today if his back is,feeling up to it,.,28/97,In Orlando you,develop,a throat of iron,and you just put back your head and put it down,in case the police should arrive.,metaphor:a strong throat,In Orlando you(the blacks)gradually develop a throat as strong as iron,and you just throw back your head and drink the brandy up in one gulp in order to avoid police detection.,subjunctive mood introduced by“in case（唯恐、以免、以防）”,29/97,Develop:to come to have gradually;to come gradually to existence养成、培养,Develop a taste for,an interest in,put back:,throw back,put it down:,drink it down in one gulp,A throat of iron,:Because brandy is a very strong drink,so if you often drink it very quickly,you will get a very strong throat.,30/97,Cultural note 1:,According to apartheid laws,blacks could not remain in the big cities after a certain hour at night.Orlando must be small town where blacks live.,31/97,Cultural note 2:,Brandy is an expensive drink that was usually consumes by well-to-do white folks in Apartheid South Africa who would sip slowly from a brandy glass.When a black person like Simelane ever got a chance to drink brandy,he would usually use a small glass and drink it quickly for fear that he might be seen and arrested by the police for breaking the law.,A brandy glass is a large one with a wide bowl and narrow top.It is this shape so that the drinker can appreciate the aroma of brandy.,32/97,They gave a window to it,with a white velvet backdrop,if there is anything called white velvet,and some complimentary words.,They gave a whole window to the sculpture with a white curtain at the back and some words in praise of the work.The curtain(backdrop)was made of white velvet,if there is such a thing as white velvet.,words expressing praise/admiration,Its hard to associate“white velvet”with“softness”“smoothness”in an apartheid country.(velvet:丝绒、天鹅绒；丝绒般光滑、柔软）,33/97,complimentary:,She was complimentary,about,his work.,她对他工作赞美有加。,Compliment:恭维（话）,Make(or:pay)a compliment to sb.on sth.,Please note:,Complementary:补充,34/97,The station,:the railway station,Herald,:先驱者、信使,In the text:the name of a newspaper,The sculptor lives in Orlando as he is not allowed to live in the big city and therefore has to commute by train every day.,35/97,squint at,to look at something with your eyes partly,closed in order to see better,眯着眼睛看、斜着眼睛看,Mrs.Fanning,squinted at,the writing on the door.,Stop,squinting at,the screenput your glasses on.,He,had,/,took a squint at,the headline of the news,.,36/97,out of the corner of your eye,:,In a secretive way 秘密、暗地里;,without looking directly or intentionally不直视、窥视,please note:,The phrase is usually used together with look,see glance,notice,etc.,The word eye is singular.,37/97,indulge,:to engage in;to take part in,here means to enjoy 沉溺于,享受,pleasurable:,使人高兴、使人满意、舒适,A pleasurable meeting between old friends,contemplation:,1.,the act of thinking deeply and quietly,2.The act of looking at sth.quietly and solemnly,38/97,so I thought Id go and see the window,and indulge certain pleasurable human feelings.I must have got a little lost in the contemplation of my own genius,So I thought Id go and see the window,and enjoy secretly some pleasant feelingsfeelings of pride for my own genius.I must have become too absorbed in my thinking about my own genius,be engrossed/absorbed in,He was lost in the plot of the novel.,39/97,confidential,a.,spoken or written in secret and intended to,be kept secret,1.秘密、机密,2.表示信任或亲密,The information we received is of a highly,confidential,nature and relates to national security.,We hold,confidential,records on each employee.,After drinking to each other,they became quite,confidential.,彼此敬酒后推心置腹、无话不谈。,40/97,feel like,:,I dont feel like taking a trip,Feel like tea/coffee/a rest,and all,:,including the thing or things just mentioned,以及其它一切、等等,They ate the whole fishhead,bones,tail,and all,.,The boss promised to provide me with a computer,and all,.,round the corner,:very near;coming soon,41/97,I couldnt have told him my name,.,Why?,It might be that Simelane had been acting as if he were admiring somebody elses work of art and therefore it would be embarrassing to reveal his true identity.He did not want the other person to know that he was indulging in admiring his own genius,esp.after hearing the compliments of this stranger.On the other hand,it might also show that Simelane was a very humble person,or we could say thats a common characteristic of black people because of the segregation and discrimination.,42/97,start off:,to begin to move;to begin a journey,43/97,We didnt exactly,walk abreast,but he didnt exactly walk in front of me.,walk abreast:,to walk side by side,Q:Is there any symbolic meaning of the sentence?Would it be a problem for them to walk abreast?,A:,A black was not the equal of white so they would never walk side by side as equals.,44/97,Constrain,v.,a.,to stop someone from doing what they,want to do,b.,to limit something,限制、抑制、约束、抑制,Financial factors should not,constrain,doctors,from,prescribing the best treatment for patients.,Womens employment opportunities are often severely,constrained,by family commitments.,Constrained,:被迫；强装出来,He felt,constrained,to accept the invitation.,A constrained smile:强作笑容,45/97,expel,v.,a.,to force air,water,or gas etc out of your body or out of a container,排出、喷出,Expel air from the lings.,b.,to officially force someone to leave a school or organization 把。除名,Two girls were,expelled,from,school for taking drugs.,The main opposition leader was,expelled,from,her party.,46/97,suspend:,1.to hang from above;to hang so as to allow free movement 悬挂、使悬浮,To suspend a lamp from the ceiling.,2.to stop or cause to be inactive for a period of time 停顿、延缓,School classes were suspended for fear of spread of epidemic.,3.to prevent from taking part in a team,47/97,polish(1),v.&n.,a.,to make something smooth,bright,and shiny by rubbing it 擦亮、抛光,After she had,polished,the furniture,she cleaned the windows.,A good,polish,now and then will keep the table looking new.,furniture/shoe/floor,etc.,polish 上光剂,(=a liquid,powder,or other substance that you rub into a surface to make it smooth and shiny),48/97,polish(2),v.&n.,b.,to improve a piece of writing,a speech etc by making slight changes to it before it is completely finished,Your essay is good,you just need to,polish,it a bit.,Carlas writing has potential,but it lacks,polish,.,49/97,impersonal doors:,the doors looked unfriendly,one reason might be they looked all the same with no names or signs on them as this is a cheap apartment building,50/97,a.,a.,not showing any feelings of sympathy,friendliness etc.,没有感情、冷淡,b.,a place or situation that is impersonal does not make people feel that they are important,没有些人情味,Business letters do not have to be,impersonal,and formal.,I hate staying in hotels;theyre so,im