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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,语法专题突破,第一部分,专题一名词、冠词和代词,第,3,讲代词,1/29,1,(,全国卷,),On my recent visit,I held a lively three,month,old twin that had been rejected by 68._(it)mother.,【,解析,】,mother,是名词，故此处填,it,形容词性物主代词,its,。,2,(,全国卷,),Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steadily.,【,解析,】,由前文可知，餐馆是,“,我,”,叔叔，故将,our,改为,his,。,【,答案,】,ourhis,3,(,全国卷,),The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.,【,解析,】,do,后缺宾语，应将,how,改为,what,。,【,答案,】,howwhat,典题在线,its,2/29,4,(,全国卷,),If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.,【,解析,】,由前面,we go on a trip,和,we can broaden,可知，应把,your,改为,our,。,【,答案,】,yourour,5,(,全国卷,),It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.,【,解析,】,cost,表示,“,花费,(,时间、金钱等,),”,时，宾语是不可数名词，故用,much,。,【,答案,】,manymuch,3/29,6,(,全国卷,),At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.,【,解析,】,此处谈论都是,“,我,”,事情。,【,答案,】,yourselfmyself,7,(,全国卷,),At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.,【,解析,】,句意：最终，我还是要一个人，但我依然想在我需要帮助任何时候有父母能够求援。,【,答案,】,need,前加,I,4/29,一、人称代词四大常识,人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中通常作主语，宾格在句中作宾语、表语和同位语等成份。但应注意以下四种情况：,1,作主语人称代词假如孤立地使用于无谓语动词句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，惯用宾格。,Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard.,Why me?John is sitting there doing nothing.,关键考点,5/29,2,句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替换名词在人称、数、格以及意义上普通要保持前后一致。,The thief was thought to be he.(the thief,是主格，故用,he,替换,),They took me to be her.,他们误认为我是她。,(me,是宾格，故用,her,替换,),3,作表语人称代词普通用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词格不变。,I met her in the hospital.,It was her who I met in the hospital.,6/29,4,在比较级句子中,than,、,as,后用主格、宾格都能够。如：,He is taller than me(I),但在以下句子中有区分：,I like Jack as much as her.,I like both Jack and her.,I like Jack as much as she.,I like Jack and she likes him,too.,7/29,8/29,9/29,三、反身代词三种句法功效,1,作宾语,(1),惯用在,to,by,for,，,of,，,in,，,between,，,among,等介词后。,You shouldnt keep the story to yourself.,你不应该独享这个故事。,(to oneself,独自享用,),You shouldnt leave the child by himself at home.,你不应把孩子独自留在家里。,(by oneself,独自,),One should not live only for oneself.,人不应该单为自己而活。,(for oneself,为自己,),We dont need to call him;he will wake up of himself.,我们没必要叫他，他自己会醒。,(of oneself,自动地,),10/29,(2),用来组成固定搭配,apply oneself,致力于,behave oneself,表现得体，有礼貌,boast oneself,自夸,come to oneself,清醒,devote oneself to,致力于,dress oneself,自己穿衣,enjoy oneself,过得愉快,help oneself to,自用；依靠自己,11/29,hide oneself,把自己藏起来,make yourself at home,不拘束,say to oneself,心里想,seat oneself,坐下,teach oneself,自学,12/29,2,作表语、同位语,用于,be,，,feel,，,seem,，,look,等后作表语，表示身体或精神处于正常状态；用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词语气，可紧跟在被修饰名词后或句末。,I am not feeling myself today,not serious,though.,我今天不太舒适，但不严重。,I made them myself with red silk threads,cloth and other materials.,它们是我自己用红丝线、布条和其它材料制成。,13/29,四、,it,使用方法,1,作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过内容。,The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.,史密斯一家买了一套新房子，不过在入住之前有大量工作要做。,2,当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象性别时，也可用,it,来表示。,Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be?,有些人在敲门。有可能是谁呢？,14/29,3,指天气、时间、距离、环境等。,It often rains here in summer.(,表示天气,),这里夏天经常下雨。,It is twenty miles from here to the village.(,表示距离,),从这里到那个村庄有,20,英里旅程。,15/29,4,用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。惯用于以下句型：,(1)it,作形式主语惯用句型：,It,be,adj,.,/,n,.(,for/,of sb.),不定式,It is important for us to know our limitations.,对于我们来说知道我们不足是很主要。,It is no good,/no use/,useless doing sth.,It is no use crying over the spilt milk.,覆水难收。,16/29,Its(well)worth doing,If a things worth doing,its worth doing well.,假如一件事值得做，那么这件事就值得好好做。,It,be,名词词组,(a pity,/a fact/,no wonder,/)/,adj,.,that,从句,It is a pity that you failed to pass the driving test.,真遗憾你没经过驾照考试。,It,特殊动词,(seems,/appears/,turned out,/occurred to sb./,),that,从句,Suddenly it occurred to Majorcans that the island no longer belonged to them.,马略卡岛上人们突然意识到这个岛屿不再属于他们。,17/29,It,be,过去分词,that,从句,It is reported that a terrible earthquake happened in this area.,据报道，该地域发生了一次可怕地震。,It,takes,/took,(sb.)some time/,some money to do sth.,It took the baby an hour or so to calm down.,小宝宝闹了大约一小时才平静下来。,18/29,(2)it,作形式宾语惯用句型：,主语,think,/believe/,suppose,/consider/,feel,/make/,keep,it,adj,.,/,n,.(,for/,of sb.),to do/that,从句,Whats worse,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.,更糟是，一些司机、骑自行车者和行人不认为恪守交通规则主要。,主语,think,/believe/,suppose,/consider/,feel,/make/,keep,it,useless,/worth/,worthwhile,/no use/,no good,/a waste of time(money/,energy,),doing,I feel it a waste of time discussing the thing with him.,我以为和他讨论这件事是在浪费时间。,19/29,主语,think,/believe/,suppose,/consider/,feel,/make/,keep,it,important,/necessary/,natural/essential,that,(should)do,I believe it necessary that you(should)go over your homework before you hand it in.,我认为你有必要在交作业之前先检验一遍。,20/29,5,用于固定搭配中。,make it,成功,hate,/like/,enjoy it that,讨厌,/,喜欢,I cant help it,我没有方法,if I can help it,假如我有方法,when it comes to,当包括,时,rely on,/depend on/,count on it that,相信,as sb.puts it,正如某人所说,I would appreciate it if,假如,，我将不胜感激,21/29,五、几组常见代词辨析,1,both,all,either,any,neither,none,Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much.,我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但它们中任何一个我都不喜欢。,Because Henry and Mark had to work,neither of them came yesterday.,因为亨利和马克要工作，所以昨天两人都没来。,词义指代,都,任何,都不,两个人或物,both,either,neither,三个或三个,以上人或物；不可数名词,all,any,none,22/29,2,one,，,ones,，,the one,，,the ones,，,that,，,those,区分,替换,one,a/an,单数名词,ones,零冠词复数名词,the one,the,单数名词,the ones,the,复数名词,that,the,单数名词或不可数名词,(,尤其是有后置定语时,),those,the,复数名词,(,尤其是有后置定语时,),23/29,The book on the desk is better than the one/that(,the book)under the desk.,桌上那本书比桌下那本书要好。,(the one/that,代替,“,the,单数名词,”,),The books on the desk are better than the ones/those(,the books)under the desk.,桌子上那些书比桌子底下那些书好。,(the ones/those,代替,“,the,复数名词,”,),24/29,3,other,，,the other,，,another,，,others,，,the others,other,不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义,the other,可单独使用，特指两个人或物中“另一个”；常与one连用，组成onethe other一个另一个，也可修饰名词表示“另外”,another,可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上人或物中“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”形式，表示“另外(多少)”,others,单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其它人或事物”，常与some一起出现,the others,意为“剩下一些”,25/29,Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.,除非我们能够消除他们之间矛盾，不然他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。,I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball.,我坐在街道旁，羡慕地看着其它男孩在街上打棒球。,26/29,1,语法填空中，经过分析句子成份确定填什么词。假如句中缺主语，则可能填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或,it,；假如缺宾语，则可能填人称代词宾格；假如宾语与主语是指同一人，则应用反身代词。假如是物主代词，作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词；在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词。,2,短文改错中，要注意人称代词格误用，以及物主代词、反身代词或疑问代词等错用。,3,理清短文中代词指代关系，注意联络上下文，还要注意人称一致、单复数一致以及性别一致等。,4,依据句式结构，判断句子是否为,it,特殊句式，,it,作形式主语、形式宾语或用在强调句式中。,状元策略,27/29,对点巩固,28/29,专题对点特训,29/29,
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