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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,高考二轮复习,非谓语动词,1/95,考点纵横,全国卷,新课标卷,地方卷,全国,卷,(,过去分词,;,动名词,),全国,卷,(,不定式,),全国,卷,(,不定式,;,现在分词,),新课标,卷,(,过去分词,;,现在分词,),新课标,卷,(,过去分词,;,动名词,),四川(不定式),天津(现在分词),江苏(过去分词),北京(不定式;过去分词),广东(不定式),陕西(不定式),四川(动名词;want后跟不定式),浙江(动名词),湖南(不定式;现在分词),江苏(过去分词),今后高考试题对非谓语动词考查主要集中在以下几个方面:非谓语动词作定语区分;动名词和不定式作宾语使用方法比较;现在分词和过去分词使用方法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词使用方法等。对非谓语动词考查常出现在语法填空和短文改错之中,2/95,考纲解读,考生应掌握,:,1.,非谓语动词组成、语法功效及使用方法对比,;,2.,非谓语动词完成式和被动式使用方法及特点,;,3.,非谓语动词复合结构及否定形式,;,4.,不定式与动名词、动名词与现在分词、现在分词与过去分词、分词作状语与独立结构等使用方法对比,;,5.,不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语区分,;,6.,过去分词作定语、不定式和分词作宾语补足语使用方法。,3/95,1.(,全国,)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter,(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,解析：,这里是动词过去分词,表被动,作后置定语。,2,(,全国,)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal,(create)special designs.,解析：,此处是不定式短语表目标,相当于,“,in order to create”,。,permitted,to create,考题导引,4/95,3,(,陕西,)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother,(take)good care of at home.,解析：,此处是,“,see+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,”,结构,宾语与补语之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。,4,(,全国,)If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely,(bring)your work home.,解析：,此处是固定使用方法,“,be likely to do sth”,。,5,(,湖南,),(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.,解析：,这里是动名词短语充当句子主语。,to bring,Understanding,taken,考题导引,5/95,知识网络,非谓语动词,6/95,知识梳理,一、非谓语动词形式及意义,非谓语动词,主动语态,被动语态,意义,不定式,普通式,to do,to be done,不定式动作与句中谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生,进行式,to be doing,不定式动作与句中谓语动词动作同时发生,完成式,to have done,to have,been done,不定式动作发生在句中谓语动词动作之前,7/95,非谓语动词,主动语态,被动语态,意义,现在分,词,/,动,名词,普通式,doing,being done,其表示动作与句中谓语动词动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生,完成式,having done,having,been done,其表示动作先于句中谓语动词动作发生,过去分词,done,与句中主语为逻辑上被动关系，表完成,8/95,I have a lot of reading,to complete,before the end of this term.,本学期结束前，我有大量阅读任务要完成。,Charles Babbage is generally considered,to have invented,the,first computer.,人们一致认为查尔斯,巴贝奇创造了第一台计算机。,No harm seems,to have been done,.,似乎并没有造成伤害。,9/95,Do you mind,being interrupted,while studying?,你介意学习时被打搅吗？,Having been ignored,for a long time,the boy sitting at the,back felt bored and went out.,因长时间被忽略，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。,Given,enough time,we are sure to do it well.,假如给予我们足够时间，我们一定能做好。,10/95,二、非谓语动词使用方法,(,一,),非谓语动词作状语使用方法,1,不定式作状语,(1),作目标状语,不定式作目标状语意为,“,为了,”,，能够单独放在句首、句中或句末。假如强调目标性，不定式前也可加,in order,或,so as,，但,so as to,不能用于句首。,To pass,the college entrance exam,we must work hard.,为了经过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。,11/95,(2),作结果状语,不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外结果。,Tom took a taxi to the airport,only to find,his plane high,up in the sky.,汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发觉他要乘坐飞机已,飞入高空。,12/95,(3),作原因状语,惯用于,“,主语,(,人,),系动词形容词,(,过去分词,),to,do,”,结构中。,形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪原因或所表示情况，惯用于这类结构中形容词和过去分词有,sorry,surprised,disappointed,excited,glad,happy,anxious,delighted,pleased,foolish,等。,We were,astonished to find,the temple still in its original condition.,令我们吃惊是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初样子。,13/95,惯用于,“,主语,(,物,),系动词形容词,to do,”,结构中。,这类形容词有：,easy,difficult,hard,cheap,，,expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous,等，表示主语特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但惯用主动形式表示被动意义。,The morning air is so good,to breathe,that he gets up early every day.,早上空气呼吸起来很清新，所以他天天都起得很早。,14/95,2,分词作状语,分词包含现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行意义；过去分词表示动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成意义。,(1),作时间状语相当于,when,while,before,since,as,引导时间状语从句。,Translated,into English,the sentence was found to have anentirely different word order.,When the sentence was translated into English,it was found to have an entirely different order.,被译成英语后，我们发觉这个句子有了一个完全不一样语序。,15/95,(2),作原因状语相当于,because,since,as,引导原因状语从句。,Not understanding,this problem,he asked the teacher about it.,Because he didnt understand this problem,he asked the,teacher about it.,因为不了解这个问题，他问了老师。,Defeated,by his deskmate,he felt discouraged.,Because he was defeated by his deskmate,he felt discouraged.,因为被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。,16/95,(3),作条件状语相当于,if,unless,等引导条件状语从句。,Given,another hour,I can also work out this problem.,If Im given another hour,I can also work out the,problem.,假如再给我一个小时，我也能处理这个问题。,(4),作结果状语惯用现在分词表示自然而然结果，分词,前可接,thus,。,More highways have been built in China,making it,much,easier for people to travel from one place to another.,中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们出行变得更容,易了。,17/95,(5),作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生次要,(,或者伴随,),动作，惯用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。,One evening Harry phoned me,asking,me to come to his flat as,soon as possible.,One evening Harry phoned me,and he asked me to come to,his flat as soon as possible.,一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他公寓。,(6),作让步状语相当于,though,although,even if,等引导让步,状语从句。,Warned,of the danger,he still went skating on the thin ice.,Though he was warned of the danger,he still went skating on,the thin ice.,即使被警告危险，他依旧在薄冰上滑冰。,18/95,3,独立主格结构作状语,独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等组成一个独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中名词或代词与其后成份组成逻辑上主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。,(1),逻辑主语名词,/,形容词,/,副词,/,介词短语,/,非谓语动词,19/95,(2)with/without,复合宾语,“,with/without,宾语宾语补足语,”,结构能够组成独立主,格结构，在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。,20/95,(,二,),非谓语动词作定语使用方法,1,不定式作定语,(1),不定式作定语常表示未来动作。,The question,to be discussed,at the meeting is very important.,将在会议上讨论那个问题非常主要。,(2),不定式常放在一些名词或代词后作定语。假如作定语不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰名词或代词是不定式动作地点、工具等，不定式后需要加对应介词。,He has no pen,to write with,.,他没有钢笔写字。,21/95,(3),不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或,no,all,any,等限定,中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上主动关系。,He is always,the first to arrive,at the school and,the last to leave,the school.,他总是第一个到校，最终一个离校。,(4),被修饰词是抽象名词时，惯用不定式作定语。常见该类名词有：,ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way,等。,The ability to express,an idea is as important as the idea itself.,表示观点能力与观点本身同等主要。,22/95,2,分词作定语,(1),及物动词分词形式作定语,作定语及物动词分词形式有：现在分词、,“,being,过去分词,”,、过去分词。当被修饰名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用,“,being,过去分词,”,；当被修饰名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。,23/95,(2),不及物动词分词形式作定语,作定语不及物动词分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。,falling leaves,正在下落叶子,(,表正在进行,),fallen leaves,落叶,(,表完成,),3,动名词作定语,动名词作定语惯用来说明被修饰词用途或目标。,a walking stick,拐杖,a reading room,阅览室,a sleeping car,卧铺车,24/95,(,三,),非谓语动词作宾语使用方法,1,只能用不定式作宾语动词,以下动词只能用不定式作宾语，请切记下面口诀：,另外，,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten,等也要用不定式作宾语。,My English teacher,promised to lend,some books to me.,我英语老师答应借给我一些书。,25/95,2,只能用动名词作宾语动词或动词短语,以下动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请切记下面口诀：,26/95,另外，以下动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：,be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can,t stand,(,无法忍受,),give up,feel like,insist on,thank.for,apologize for,be busy(in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/,hard time(in),spend time(in),look forward to,。,We only,missed seeing,each other by five minutes.,我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。,My mother,couldnt help smiling,when she heard the good news.,听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。,27/95,3,既能够接不定式也能够接动名词作宾语动词或动词短语,以下动词或动词短语既能够跟动名词作宾语，也能够跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区分，要尤其注意：,后接不定式,后接动名词,regret to do sth.,遗憾要去做某事,regret doing sth.,后悔做过某事,forget to do sth.,忘记要去做某事,forget doing sth.,忘记已做过某事,remember to do sth.,记得要做某事,remember doing sth.,记得做过某事,28/95,后接不定式,后接动名词,mean to do sth.,打算做某事,mean doing sth.,意味着做某事,try to do sth.,努力,/,企图做某事,try doing sth.,试着做某事,cant help(to)do sth.,不能帮助做某事,cant help doing sth.,情不自禁地做某事,29/95,(,四,),非谓语动词作宾语补足语使用方法,1,不定式作宾语补足语,有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即,“,动词,/,动词短语,sb.,to do,”,。常见这类动词或动词短语有：,30/95,2,分词作宾语补足语,(1),现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。,They use computers to,keep the traffic running,smoothly.,他们使用电脑以使交通通畅无阻。,(2),过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成。,He tried to,get his work recognized,in the medical circles.,他试图使自己工作在医学界得到认可。,31/95,3,非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词宾补,(1),感官动词,see,watch,observe,hear,notice,等宾补有以下形式,(,以,see,为例,),：,see sb.do sth.,看见某人做了某事,I saw him leave,a few minutes ago.,我看见他几分钟前离开了。,see sb.doing sth.,看见某人正在做某事,The suspect,was seen entering,the building.,有些人看见疑犯进入了大楼。,see sb./sth.done,看见某人,/,某物被,32/95,(2),常见使役动词有四个：,have,make,let,get,，表示,“,使，让,”,含义。,have/make/let sb.do sth.,以及,get sb.to do sth.,表示,“,让,/,使某人做某事,”,，宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上主谓关系。,The teacher,had/made/let some students stay,in the classroom after school.,The teacher,got some students to stay,in the classroom after school.,放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。,33/95,名师指津,make,用于被动语态时，其后要用带,to,不定式作主语,补足语。,He,was made to work,day and night.,他被迫日夜工作。,have/get,sb./sth.,doing sth.,让某人,/,某物一直做某事,He had the light burning all night,which made his parents,very angry.,他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。,34/95,名师指津,have sb.doing sth.,用于否定句中，常与,cant,wont,等连用，表示,“,不能容忍某人做某事,”,。,I,wont have you speaking,to your dad like that.,我不允许你和你父亲那样讲话。,have/get/make,宾语,done,让,被,/,遭遇某事,(,强调被动性动作,),I,ll have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.,我明天得,(,请人,),修一下我自行车。,He had his wallet stolen on his way home.,在回家路上，他钱包被偷了。,35/95,(,五,),非谓语动词作主语和表语使用方法,1,不定式作主语和表语,(1),不定式作主语，普通表示详细某一次动作。惯用,it,作形式主语，而不定式是真正主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。,To climb,the mountain is hard work but,to go down,the mountain is great fun.,上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。,It,is not easy,to find,your way around the town.,在这个小镇要找到路很不轻易。,36/95,(2),不定式作表语惯用来表示预定要发生动作，也可用来表示未来可能性和假设；但当不定式所作表语仅用来说明主语内容时，这时不定式只作单纯表语，而不含有未来含义。,His wish is,to be,a doctor in the future.,他愿望是未来当一名医生。,My job is,to clean,the rooms every day.,我工作是天天清扫房间。,37/95,2,动名词作主语和表语,(1),动名词作主语表示普通、抽象、泛指概念，惯用,it,作形式主语，动名词作真正主语放在句末。惯用于固定句型：,Its a waste of time doing.,；,Its no use/good doing.,；,It is useless.doing.,；,There is no.,等中。,Knowing basic first,aid techniques,will help you respond quickly to emergencies.,掌握基本抢救技能将会有利于你在碰到紧急情况时快速作出反应。,38/95,(2),动名词作表语多指抽象、概念性动作，句子主语常是表示无生命名词或,what,引导名词性从句。,Our job is,playing,all kinds of music.,我们工作是演奏各种各样音乐。,39/95,考点,1,非谓语动词作状语,1._ it easier to get in touch with us,，,you,d better keep this card at hand.(,北京，,26),A.Made B.Make,C.Making D.To make,解析,考查非谓语动词作目标状语。句意为：为了更轻易地和我们取得联络，你最好把这张名片卡放在手头。由本句话后半句可知，,make,逻辑主语为,you,，,you,与,make,之间为逻辑上主谓关系，结合句意可知，非谓语动词在这里作目标状语，故选,D,。,5,考点突破,40/95,2._ over a week ago,，,the books are expected to arrive any time now.(,北京，,28),A.Ordering B.To order,C.Having ordered D.Ordered,解析,考查非谓语动词作原因状语。句意为：那些书一周前已经预定了，现在有望随时到货。,order,与其逻辑主语,the books,之间为逻辑上动宾关系，故选,D,。,41/95,3.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,，,_ the old town into a dreamland.(,北京，,32),A.turn B.turning,C.to turn D.turned,解析,考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意为：新建小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。句子主语,newly-built wooden cottages,与,turn,是逻辑上主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然结果。故选,B,。,42/95,4.Like ancient sailors,，,birds can find their way _ the sun and the stars.(,重庆，,11),A.used B.having used,C.using D.use,解析,考查非谓语动词作方式状语。句意为：就像古时候水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们路。依据语境，,use,与其句中隐含逻辑主语,birds,之间为主动关系，故用,v,.-ing,形式普通式，在句中作方式状语，相当于,by using the sun and the stars,省略。,43/95,5._ for two days,，,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.,(,天津，,8),A.To work B.Worked,C.To be working D.Having worked,解析,考查非谓语动词作时间状语。句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法按时完成了汇报。句子主语,Steve,与动词,work,之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时,work,动作发生在谓语动词,managed to finish,之前，故要用完成时。,44/95,考点归纳,1.,分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目标等；作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间关系。假如是逻辑上主谓关系，普通用现在分词；假如是逻辑上动宾关系，普通用过去分词。分词完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。,Pressed from his parents,，,and realizing that he has wasted too much time,，,the boy is determined to stop playing video games.,因为来自父母压力，以及认识到浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定不玩电子游戏了。,(,表示原因,),45/95,Having been told many times,，,he finally understood it.,被告诉了许屡次，他终于明白了。,(,表示时间,),Seen from the top of the hill,，,the park looks even more beautiful.,从山顶上看，这个公园显得愈加漂亮。,(see,与主语,the park,之间存在动宾关系,),Seeing from the top of the hill,，,we find the park even more beautiful.,从山顶上看，我们发觉这个公园显得愈加漂亮。,(see,与主语,we,之间存在主谓关系,),46/95,2.,一些动词过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一个状态。这么词有：,lost(,迷路,),，,seated(,坐,),，,lost/absorbed in(,沉溺于,),，,dressed in(,穿着,),，,tired of(,感到厌倦,),，,faced with(,面对,),等。,Absorbed in his book,，,he didn,t notice me enter the room.,专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。,Dressed in a red coat,，,he is like a girl rather than a boy.,穿着一件红色衣服，他更像一个女孩。,47/95,3.,不定式作状语主要表示原因、目标、结果等。表原因时惯用在表情感和态度形容词后。如,be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed,等；表目标时其前可加上,in order,或,so as(so as to do,普通不放在句首,),；表结果时其前通常与,only,连用，往往表示出乎意料结果。不定式插入结构作状语，为固定短语结构。如：,to be honest/to tell you the truth(,老实说,),，,to be frank(,说实话，坦率地说,),，,to begin with(,首先,),，,to start with(,首先,),，,to be more exact(,更确切地说,),，,to sum up(,总之，概括地说,),等。,48/95,考点,2,非谓语动词作定语,1.In art criticism,，,you must assume the artist has a secret message _ within the work.(,江苏，,28),A.to hide B.hidden,C.hiding D.being hidden,解析,考查过去分词作后置定语。句意为：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中,message,与,hide,是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。,49/95,2.There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(,北京，,28),A.solving B.solved,C.being solved D.to be solved,解析,考查不定式作定语。句意为：在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要处理。由,there are,可知设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰,problems,；依据时间状语从句,before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon,可知，动作,solve,发生在未来，故用不定式结构；而且,problems,与,solve,之间存在被动关系，故用不定式被动结构。,50/95,3.There,s a note pinned to the door _ when the shop will open again.(,山东，,6),A.saying B.says,C.said D.having said,解析,考查现在分词作定语。分析句子结构可知句中已经有了谓语动词,is,，故首先排除,B,项。,A,项,saying,表示主动；,C,项,said,表示被动；,D,项,having said,表示动作先于,is,动作发生。从逻辑关系上看，,note,与,say,之间是主动关系，所以选,A,项，在此用现在分词结构作后置定语。,51/95,考点归纳,1.,分词作定语，表示被动、完成用过去分词,(done),；表示主动、进行用现在分词,(doing),；表示被动、进行用,being done,；表示被动动作还未进行用,to be done,。不定式作定语若表示已经发生动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰。,This is a problem discussed.,这是一个已讨论了问题。,52/95,2.,动名词作定语表示用途，如,running shoes(,跑鞋,),，,a drawing board(,画板,),，,a swimming pool(,游泳池,),，,a waiting room(,候车室,),，,a walking stick(,手杖,),等。,The swimmer ran to the side of the swimming pool and dived off.,那游泳者奔到游泳池边，纵身跳下。,53/95,考点,3,非谓语动词作宾语,(,主语,),补足语,1.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,，,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home.(,陕西，,18),A.taking B.taken,C.take D.be taken,解析,考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年医疗服务，回来后看到他母亲在家里被照料得很好他很高兴。此处是,“,see,宾语宾语补足语,”,结构。此处,his mother,与,take good care of,之间是被动关系，故选,B,项。,54/95,2.Listening to music at home is one thing,，,going to hear it _ live is quite another.(,浙江，,18),A.perform B.performing,C.to perform D.being performed,解析,考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意为：在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听正在被演奏音乐完全是另外一回事。题干中含有,“,hear,宾语宾语补足语,”,结构，宾语,it(,指代,music),与,perform,之间存在被动关系，且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏音乐，故应用,being performed,作宾语补足语。,55/95,3.He is thought _ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(,江西，,34),A.to act B.to have acted,C.acting D.having acted,解析,考查非谓语动词作主补。,sb.be thought to.,某人被认为,，是固定句式。句意为：他被认为是举止愚蠢，现在失去这份工作他只能责备自己，不能怨他人。依据句意可知，他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前，所以用不定式完成式。故,B,项正确。,56/95,考点归纳,1.,非谓语动词,(,词组,),作感官动词、使役动词宾语补足语。,When I passed the house,，,I saw him reading and didn,t disturb him.,当我经过他家时候，我看到他正在读书就没有去打搅他。,He had his wallet stolen at the station.,他钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。,He got his brother to help him.,他让他弟兄帮助他。,57/95,2.,以下动词,(,词组,),在主动语态中用不带,to,不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上,to,，它们是,“,吾看三室两厅一感觉,”,五看,(look at,，,see,，,watch,，,notice,，,observe),；三使,(make,，,let,，,have),；二听,(listen to,，,hear),；一感觉,(feel),。,He was seen to get on the bus.,有些人看到他上了公共汽车。,The girl was made to cry.,女孩被惹哭了。,58/95,3.,动词,keep,，,leave,，,set,，,catch,及介词,with,后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。,I,m sorry to have kept you
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