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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,时态语态,第1页,时态和语态是高考语法填空中必考点，每年必考。终究考些什么内容？现将考点简述以下：,1.,时态。,时态是英语谓语动词一个形式，表示动作发生时间和所处状态。英语中时态是经过动词形式本身改变来实现。英语中惯用时态有,16,种，但高考考试说明中要求要掌握有十种：,考点解密,第2页,时态,组成(以do为例),主要使用方法,普通现在时,do/does,经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在状态,普经过去时,did,在过去某个时间里所发生动作或存在状态,普通未来时,will/shall do,在未来某一时刻要发生动作或存在状态,过去未来时,would do,在过去某一时刻看来将要发生动作或存在状态,现在进行时,am/is/are doing,表示现在或现阶段正在发生动作,过去进行时,was/were doing,表示在过去某一时间内正在进行动作,未来进行时,will/shall be doing,表示未来某一时间正在进行动作,现在完成时,have/has done,表示之前已发生或完成动作或状态，其结果影响现在还存在；也可表示连续到现在动作或状态,过去完成时,had done,表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成动词，即“过去过去”,现在完成进行时,have/has been doing,表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去动作,第3页,注：,(1),表示未来还有各种形式，如：“,be going to+,动词原形”“,be to+,动词原形”“,be about to+,动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中要求事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用普通现在时表示未来；表示计划好活动，还惯用现在进行时表示。,(2),现在进行时与,always,，,continually,，,constantly,等连用，表示说话人某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如：,He is always helping others.,他总是帮助他人。,(,赞扬,),第4页,2.,语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。,主语是动作发出者为主动语态；主语是动作接收者为被动语态。被动语态由“,be+,过去分词”组成，不一样时态被动语态形式由,be,来表达，如普通过去时被动语态就是“,was/were+,过去分词”，普通未来时被动语态就是“,will be+,过去分词”。,第5页,在高考英语语法填空中，普通有一空是考查谓语动词时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，所以，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是依据主语与谓语动词关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是依据详细语境来判断用哪一个时态，进而确定所填动词形式。,解题技巧,第6页,例,1,：,This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often,40,(result)in the contrary to our intention.(,广东,),实例剖析,分析：因句中,Being too anxious to help an event develop,是动名词短语作主语，括号中,result,应该为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词,result in,本身是不能用于被动语态，故用主动语态；依据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应该用普通现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填,results,。,第7页,例,2,：,The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _(place)under the Ministers car.(,广东,),分析：替换,the box,关系代词,which,在定语从句中作主语，,place,应该为谓语动词；因主语,which(the box),与,place(,放置,),是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因,place,这个动作发生在,was caught,这个动作之前，即“过去过去”，用过去完成时被动语态，故填,had been placed,。,第8页,考点击破,第9页,时态语态,一、考点分析,谓语动词时态语态在全国卷高考中是每年必考点，我们必须重视。即使考试说明中列了十种时态，但常考只是普通现在时和普通过去时。,第10页,1.,普通现在时。,Being too anxious to help an event develop often,40,(result)in the contrary to our intention.,解析,句中,Being too anxious to help an event develop,是动名词短语作主语，,result,应是谓语动词，应该考虑是它时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应该用普通现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填,results,。,results,第11页,2.,普通过去时。,After a four-day journey,the young man,33,(present)the water to the old man.,解析,句中,the young man,是主语，其后,present,应是谓语动词，由语境可知，用普通过去时。,presented,第12页,3.,固定句式中时态。,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car,31,(break)down near a remote village.,解析,在,when,后面句子中，,my car,是主语，,break,应为谓语动词；由全文可知这是叙述过去经历，用普通过去式；再说,was/were doingwhen did,是一个固定句型，,when,后面句子谓语用普通过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候发生了另一事”。,broke,第13页,4.,普通过去时被动语态。,Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane,40,(inform).,解析,Jane,是主语，其后,inform,应是谓语动词；因,Jane,与,inform,是被动关系，又是普通过去时，故用普通过去时被动语态。,was informed,第14页,二、真题演练,用所给词适当形式填空。,1.people stepped on your feet or,34,(push)you with their elbows(,肘部,),hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.(,年广东,),1.pushed,与,stepped,并列，也用普通过去时。,pushed,第15页,2.Is everyone here?,Not yet.Look,there _(come)the rest of our guests!,e,。,因为以,here,和,there,开头引出倒装句通常只用于普通时态，又因为句子主语,the rest of our guest,为复数，故填,come,。,come,第16页,3.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear)evening dress.(,全国卷,II),3.wears,。,依据句意，此处谈是普通情况，要用普通现在时；因为,one of the women,前有,only,修饰，说明其后定语从句是修饰,one,，而不是修饰,women,，所以定语从句中谓语动词要用单数；故填,wears,。,wears,第17页,4.Every few years,the coal workers _(have)their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.(,上海卷,),4.have,。,依据句中,every few years(,每隔几年,),可知，动作带有经常性和规律性，故用普通现在时。,have,第18页,5.The church tower which _(restore)will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.(,上海卷,),5.is being restored,。,依据句中,will be open to tourists soon(,很快将对游客开放,),以及,The work is almost finished(,工程差不多快结束了,),可知，,the church tower,修复工程还正在进行，故用现在进行时被动语态。,is being restored,第19页,6.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _(come)on the market in 1973.(,重庆卷,),6.came,。,主句用现在完成时，,since,引导从句用普通过去时。,came,第20页,7.When you are home,give a call to let me know you _(arrive)safely.(,全国卷,I),7.have arrived,。,依据常识，说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安，故选现在完成时。,have arrived,第21页,8.Up to now,the program _(save)thousands of children who would otherwise have died.(,山东卷,),8.has saved,。,短语,up to now,意思是“到现在为止”，指从过去某时开始连续到现在一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。,has saved,第22页,9.For many years,people _(dream)of electric cars.However,making them has been more difficult than predicted.(,浙江卷,),9.have dreamed,。,依据句意和句中时态,has been,，以有,for many years(,多年来,),可知，要用现在完成时。,have dreamed,第23页,10.,一,When shall we restart our business?,一,Not until we _ our plan.(,四川卷,),10.have finished,。,再依据句意和常识可知，人们通常是先制订计划，然后付诸实施，故空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。,have finished,第24页,11.Im not finished with my dinner yet.,But our friends _(wait)for us.(,北京卷,),11.are waiting,。,对话意思是：“我还有没吃完饭。”“不过我们朋友在等我们了。”,are waiting,第25页,12.I walked slowly through the market,where people _(sell)all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.(,湖南卷,),12.were selling,。,依据常识，在“我慢慢走过市场时”，在市场那里有各种蔬菜水果在卖，“我”才会“仔细研究其价格”“买下需要东西”。,were selling,第26页,13.Were you surprised by the ending of the film?,No,I _(read)the book,so I already knew the story.(,安徽卷,),13.had read,。,由语境可知，“看这本书”应该是在“看电影”之前，故用过去完成时。,had read,第27页,14.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _(do)for me.(,北京卷,),14.had done,。,句中,do,动作应发生,took,之前，故用过去完成时。,had done,第28页,15.I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _(do)it.Was it you?(,湖南卷,),15.had done,。,依据句意可知，“有些人给玫瑰剪枝”发生在“我去给玫瑰剪枝”之前，即“过去过去”，故用过去完成时。,had done,第29页,16.Im tired out.I _(shop)all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.(,湖南卷,),16.have been shopping,。,因为“很累”是因为“整个下午一直在购物”造成，又由,dont seem,可知，现在仍在购物，故用现在完成进行时。,have been shopping,第30页,17.I have to see the doctor because I _(cough)a lot lately.(,陕西卷,),17.have been coughing,。,依据句中“不得不要去看医生”这一信息可知，“咳嗽”这一现象现在还在连续，用现在完成进行时。,have been coughing,第31页,18.This coastal area _(name)a national wildlife reserve last year.(,湖南卷,),18.was named,。,因为,this coastal area,与,name,之间为被动关系，再依据句中,last year,可知，用普通过去时被动语态。,was named,第32页,19.Linda,make sure the tables _(set)before the guests arrive.(,全国卷,II),19.are set,。,因为,table(,桌子,),与,set(,摆，放置,),之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；又因为,make sure,后接从句通常要用普通现在时表示未来意义，故用普通现在时被动语态。,are set,第33页,20.The palace caught fires three times in the last century,and little of the original building _(remain)now.(,重庆卷,),20.remains,。,意思是说，因为三次失火，原来建筑现在就没有留下来了。,remain=be left,被留下来。,remains,第34页,21.Youve failed to do what you _(expect)to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.(,四川卷,),21.were expected,。,由,expect sb to do sth(,期待某人做某事,),可知，,you,与,expect,为被动关系，要用被动语态；意思是指没有做“过去安排好要做事”，于是担心受处罚，故用普通过去时被动语态。,were expected,第35页,22.Then came another rider;the old man,32,(catch)his eye and said,“Sir,would you mind doing me a favor?”(,深圳一模,),22.caught,。,由与之并列谓语动词,and said,可知，,catch,也用普通过去时。,caught,第36页,23.People say that a smile can,39,(pass)from one person to another,but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so.(,深圳一模,),23.be passed,。,因,a smile,与,pass,是被动关系，故用被动语态，注意情态动词后用原形。,be passed,第37页,24.I thought for a moment,35,(roll)down the window,and gestured to the man.(,茂名一模,),24.rolled,。,从后文,and,可知，,roll,时态应与,thought,和,gestured,一致，要用普通过去时。注意，由,and,连接两个或多个先后发生系列动词时，其时态一致。,rolled,第38页,25.When research,35,(assign),the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.(,三模,),25.is assigned,。,谓语动词，因,research(,研究工作,),与,assign(,分配,),是被动关系，又依据前后时态,(,如,expects),可知，此空应用普通现在时被动语态。,is assigned,第39页,第40页,一、单句填空：用所给动词适当形式填空。,1.,The house belongs to my aunt but she,_(not live)here any more.(,全国,I),2.,This machine _(not work).It hasnt worked for years.(,浙江,),3.,If their marketing plans succeed,they,_(increase)their sales by 20 percent.(,全国,),4.,Population experts predict that most people _(live)in cities in the near future.(,上海春,),doesnt live,doesnt work,will increase,will live,第41页,5.,He _(play)football regularly for many years when he was young.(,天津,),6.,Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?,Yes,since she _ the Chinese Society.(,宁夏,),7.,Teenagers _(damage)their health because they play computer games too much.(,重庆,),8.,I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening,but I couldnt get through.Her brother _(talk)on the phone all the time!(,湖南,),played,joined,are damaging,was talking,第42页,9.,John promised his doctor he _(not smoke),and he has smoked ever since.(,北京,),10.,By this time tomorrow,I_(lie)on the beach,11.,So far this year we _(see)a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.(,福建,),would not smoke,will be lying,have seen,第43页,12.,The hotel wasnt particularly good.But I _(stay)in many worse hotels.(,北京,),13.,We first met on a train in.We both felt immediately that we _(know)each other for years.(,辽宁,),had stayed,had known,第44页,14.,Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.,I think so.He _(prepare)for it for months.(,江苏,),15.,The telephone _(ring),but by the time I got indoors,it stopped.(,四川,),16.,Did you go to the show last night?,Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _(invite).(,陕西,),has been preparing,was ringing,was invited,第45页,17.,Whats that noise?,Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machine,_(test).(,浙江,),18.,I like these English songs and they,_(teach)many times on the radio.(,安徽,),is being tested,have been taught,第46页,19.,No decision _(make)about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.(,北京,),20.,Do you have any problems if you,_(offer)this job?,Well,Im thinking about the salary.(,湖南,),will be made,are offered,第47页,二、语篇填空,阅读下面短文，按照句子结构语法性和上下文连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当词或使用括号中词语正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为,31,40,对应位置上。,(,以动词时态为主,),第48页,(1),Itwas getting dark when I got home.It was cold and I 1_(wear)a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2_(take)out my key 3_ I couldnt find it.I suddenly remembered that Ihad left 4_ on my desk in the office.It really didnt make 5_ difference.I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school 6_ now,so I knockedat the door.,was wearing,to take,but,it,any,by,第49页,There was no answer,so I knocked again.I 7_(continue)knocking at the door for some time.I was getting angry.Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon.He said that my wife 8 _(phone)saying that she 9_(go)shopping in the afternoon with the children.,There was only one thing for meto do:I had to clime in 10_ a window.,continued,had phone,would go,through,第50页,(2),When he was a little boy,Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother 1_(turn)the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.,“Wouldnt it work 2_(quick)if a machine turned the wheel for you?”he asked.,“I suppose it would,”said his mother,without 3_(pay)him any attention.,Christopher 4_(know)she always had a lot of work,and he wanted 5_(help)her.,turning/turn,quicker,paying,knew,to help,第51页,Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father had bought 6 _ as a gift.“I 7_(make)better use of it,”little Christopher said to himself.So,when his mother 8_,(not use)her sewing-machine,he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job 9_(finish),he was quite pleased,10_(think)his mother 11_(like)it.,him,shall/will make,was not using,was finished,thinking,would like,第52页,“Very clever,”his mother said,when she saw it.Then she sat down and went on 12 _(turn)the wheel by hand.“I 13 _,(work)like this for too many years,”she explained.,This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries 14_(improve)anything 15_(have)to learn:Many people dont like new ideas.,turning,have been working,to improve,has,第53页,goodbye,第54页,
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