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模拟试卷（二）
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage one: It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”— ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.
16. According to the passage, memory is considered to be_________ .
A. the basis for decision making and problem solving
B. an ability to store experiences for future use
C. an intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D. the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words
17. The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that _________.
A. the computer’s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager’s
B. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being’s
C. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager’s D. both A and B
18. The whole passage implies that___________ .
A. only human beings have problem solving intelligence
B. a person’s memory is different from a computer’s in every respect
C. animals are able to solve only very simple problems
D. animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence
19. The phrase “in terms of” in the last sentence can best be replaced by________ .
A. in connection with B. expressed by C. consisting D. by means of
20. The topic of the passage is _________.
A. what would life be like without memory B. memory is of vital importance to life
C. how is a person’s memory different from an animal’s or a computer’s D. what is contained in memory
Passage two
In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called “classical conditioning”. This occurs when one event or stimulus is continuously followed by a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother’s face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called “operant conditioning”. This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more.
Every day we grow and have new experience. We constantly learn by reading, watching TV, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.
21. The main purpose of this passage is to_______ .
A. teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotions
B. give the common reader a general description of two basic kinds of learning
C. give parents some advice on how to modify their children’s emotions through learning
D. discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced
22. If your jokes often find a ready echo in a person, you will learn through __________ that telling jokes to this person is fun, and you will try with greater efforts to be humorous in his presence.
A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning
C. neither of them D. some other sorts of conditioning
23. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning through_________ .
A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning C. both of them D. neither of them
24. In the third paragraph, the author is__________ .
A. discussing how we grow and have new experience through operant conditioning
B. talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning
C. concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people and so on
D. using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning
25. In the following paragraphs the author will most likely go on discussing ___________ .
A. definition of positive feelings and negative feelings B. the third kind of learning
C. further examples of learning through operant conditioning D. none of the above
Passage three
College brings together people from all walks of life. There are so many different types of people in the world but if you go to a college campus, you are sure to find at least one of every kind. The great part about being here with so many different people is that you get to interact with some interesting characters and see how to deal with them. You will meet the people you dread the most, the smart ass, the brain, or the unique spirit, but no matter who it is that is your worst nightmare to be around you will always be paired up with them in a group project. When you get into the real world you are not going to be able to pick your boss or coworkers. Interacting with these people in college and living with different roommates will help you learn how to cooperate with the people in life you find so unpleasant. College life is fun. The fact that I have been here for a short time just means it has not yet been a life changing experience to me. If I were to give any tips on how to survive, it would not be how to survive college, but how to survive life. I would have to say that one should be outgoing and live life to the fullest. Meet new people whenever you can because they just may be a major influence in your life. Also, get your work done before you go out and party. Lastly, I would have to say, in life if you ever feel lost or alone, talk to someone about it. Everyone gets depressed at times in their life and there is always someone who will listen to your problems.
26. What is the theme of the passage?
A. Relationships in college. B. Homework in college. C. Freedom in college. D. Partying in college.
27. What does the author say about group projects?
A. They are always unpleasant. B. They are always difficult.
C. Partners may not cooperate. D. Partners may be lazy.
28. Why does the author recommend meeting many new people?
A. They may become your best friends. B. They may influence your life.
C. They may help you someday. D. They make your life more fun.
29. How would you describe the author’s personality?
A. Shy and under confident. B. Strong but quiet.
C. Extremely pessimistic. D. Optimistic and outgoing.
30. What does the author say to do if you’re depressed?
A. Go somewhere by yourself. B. Talk to someone about it.
C. Try to forget about it. D. See a psychologist immediately.
Passage four
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only there was the incident of tragedy involving murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its second place medals with visible anger after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This isn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.”The president of the Federation (联合会) said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years. The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disorder, it was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the US had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in nonnational teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive (行为过度旳) patriotism (爱国心).
31. The author thinks that in recent years Olympic Games have _______.
A. showed little international friendship B. greatly encouraged international brotherhood
C. created goodwill between the nations D. created only misunderstanding and hatred
32. What did the manager mean by saying “This isn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?
A. This is not a standard hockey match.
B. The Federation would not exist any longer after this match was over.
C. His team would not enter the game in three years.
D. The unfair decisions ruined both hockey and the Federation.
33. The basketball match showed that _______.
A. the Russian team should not have taken advantage of the last three seconds.
B. aggressive patriotism was displayed in the incident.
C. the appeal jury was too inefficient in making a decision.
D. the American team should have taken the first place.
34. The author gives 2 examples in the 2nd and the 3rd paragraphs in order to show that __________.
A. contests often end in disorder B. no contests are fair in Olympic Games
C. competition discourages international friendship D. unfair decisions are common in sports
35. Which statement best summarizes this passage?
A. Athletes should compete as individuals.
B. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.
C. Any team that has disrespectful behavior should be suspended.
D. Different teams often have disputes when fighting for the first place
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure
36. I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him.
A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak
37. The house was very quiet, _______as it was on the side of a mountain.
A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated
38. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _______.
A. blank B. hollow C. vacant D. bare
39. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _______ heavy schedules.
A. with regard to B. as to C. in relation to D. owing to
40. Tony is very disappointed _______ the results of the exam. A. with B. for C. toward D. on
41. The children went there to watch the iron tower_______ .
A. to erect B. be erected C. erecting D . being erected
42. The goals _______ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A. after which B. for which C. with which D. at which
43. The drunken driver exceeded the speed limit. But fortunately, I jumped back _______ to avoid being knocked down. A. in time B. on time C. at time D. of time
44. No one was interested in his lecture, ______ ?
A. weren’t they B. wasn’t he C . were they D. was he
45. I think you are old enough to know _______ to spend all you money on fancy clothes.
A. other than B. rather than C. better than D. more than
46. The environmental scientist had his findings _______ as soon as he finished _______ the air pollution. A. to be published, to investigate B. published, to investigate
C. published, investigating D. being published, investigating
47. Would you please _______ the word on the blackboard until after they have finished the exam?
A. not to write B. not write C. don’t write D. don’t to write
48. Each study unit _______ fifteen sentences related to a meaningful situation
A. consists B. contains C. comprises of D. includes in
49. I _______ to return to Angles the magazines which I had borrowed from him.
A. promised B. was promised C. have promised D. had promised
50. The American government promised to keep the Chin
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