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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题十二议论文,1/32,-,2,-,考情概览,议论文类完形填空难度较高,意在经过剖析事例、叙述事理、提出看法或主张,从而告诉读者某个道理或给人某种启迪,或给人以乐趣。,1,.,议论文文体完形填空普通是直接提出论点,经过论据论证,最终作者提出自己看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论,;,2,.,议论文文体完形填空普通都是由论点,(,作者观点,也就是被证实对象,),、论据,(,用来证实论点依据,是说明论点理由和材料,),和论证,(,利用论据证实论点过程与方法,),这三个要素组成,这也是一个提出问题、分析问题、处理问题过程,;,2/32,-,3,-,3,.,另外,议论文不但需要说明作者自己观点,而且还要让读者接收自己观点。所以,在语言表示上除了客观之外,还要重视委婉。作者写作态度普通也比较诚恳,在文章中通常使用与读者平等交流语气,不会给人以居高临下、逼人接收感觉,在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和,can,may,might,could,would,should,等情态动词。为了加强推理条理性和逻辑性,往往较多地使用像,since,now,that,therefore,in,that,case,because,so,but,however,等过渡词和连接词。,3/32,-,4,-,议论文形式完形填空不像记叙文形式那么有情景。所以,我们对整篇文章把握相对来说也难得多。解答这类题能够依照以下方法:,1,.,从首尾句入手,抓住中心。,议论文写作思绪普通为:提出问题分析问题处理问题。所以,文章第一、二句话通常为文章主题句,而文章结尾句常为文章结论。由此可见,我们必须充分利用文章首尾句,推测出文章中心,从而了解全文。,4/32,-,5,-,例,As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(,常规)basis.As a matter of fact,we can see this,41(principle),at work in people of all,42(ages),.,.,Before people retire,they usually,55(plan),to do a lot of,56(great),things,which they never had,57(time),to do while working.But,58(soon),after retirement,the golfing,the fishing,the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they,59(left),.And,like the child in January,they go searching for new,60(toys),.,5/32,-,6,-,分析,:,文章第一段提出了本文要探讨问题:普通来说,当各种形式活动在日常生活中成为常规,它们都会变得无聊。其实,我们能够在不一样年纪人身上看到这个法则。最终一段中作者阐述了在退休前人们经常计划着做很多事。这些事在工作期间都没有时间去做,不过退休后很快,打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和其它全部消遣方式都变得无聊了。这些想做事就像他们离开工作一样变得索然无味了。作者在组织文章时,先是提出论点,然后经过分析印证论点,在文章最终经过结论又重申了论点。,6/32,-,7,-,2,.,紧紧围绕信息词,把握作者观点。,考生要搞清文章行文逻辑,如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关系、指代关系等。有时文章第一、二段并不是作者观点,而是对某个事物介绍或描述,然后用信息词,如but,however,yet等将自己观点引出,所以,阅读时一定要尤其留心这些信息词。,例,For example,on Christmas morning,children are excited about,43(playing),with their new toys.But their,44(interest),soon wears off and by January those,45(same),toys can be found put away in the basement.,分析,:,作者经过举例说明了孩子们刚开始玩玩具时是非常兴奋,然后经过转折信息词,“But”,引出作者对他们深入认知,从而明确了问题存在。,7/32,-,8,-,3,.,从语境入手,确定逻辑关系。,句与句之间总要反应出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系经常经过on the one hand.on the other hand,as a result,as a consequence,on the contrary,above all,first of all,secondly,finally,in case等单词或词组表示出来。但有时作者并不使用这些词或词组,而是将逻辑关系暗含于文章中,这就需要考生依据语境来确定逻辑关系。,8/32,-,9,-,例,.,People often speak of trying a more satisfying path,and,32(yet),in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they,33(believe in),or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion:it,s,34,.They have loans,bills,a mortgage(,抵押贷款)to,35(pay off),retirement to save for.They recognize there,s something,36(missing),in their lives,but it,s,37(hard),to step off the track.,A.fundamental,B.practical,C.impossibleD.unforgettable,9/32,-,10,-,分析,:,认真分析34空格前信息可知,人们经常说尝试一条更令人满意道路,可是最终人们只是说说而已,没有些人真舍弃一切,改变固有生活模式。有些人想过放弃自己工作去为他们信仰一些事情而工作,或者找到一个让他们有更多时间陪同家人职位。上述内容只是停留在很多人想象中。最终,他们得出相同结论却是,:,这是不可能事情。故选,C,项。,34,题结论来自于对前文信息深刻了解,逻辑关系比较强。,10/32,-,11,-,4,.,理清文章论点、论据和结论。,普通说来,能说明论点答案能够在论据里得到印证,且作为论点一些答案也能够与论据有机地结合起来,使论点与论据相辅相成,从而使整篇文章上下一致。假如我们所选答案前后矛盾,论点与论据相悖,最终结论与论点自相矛盾,那就说明我们对文章把握缺乏条理性和系统性,我们就须重新来理顺文章各部分,直到条理清楚为止,然后再依据自己对文章把握及各部分逻辑关系选出答案。,11/32,-,12,-,例,In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The,36(problem),is that countries around the world have growing mountains of,37(rubbish),because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.,.,Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions,54(instead of),throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about,55(spending),.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.,12/32,-,13,-,分析,:,从文章第一段第一句话可知,我们会在用旧一件东西将其扔掉后再买新东西,从而造成了堆积如山垃圾。从最终一段最终一句话“Repairing,our,possessions,and,changing,our,spending,habits,may,be,the,best,way,to,reduce,the,amount,of,rubbish,and,take,care,of,our,environment.”,可知我们要善待环境,少扔垃圾。文章论点和论据相辅相成,脉络清楚。,13/32,-,14,-,A,B,(,天津第一中学第三次月考,),Enjoy,your,own,life,without,comparing,it,with,that,of,another.,Marquis de Condorcet,If you took the strengths of others,and compared them to your weaknesses,do you think this would make you feel good?The funny thing is,this is,1,most of us do at one time or anotherand some of us do pretty,2,.,It,s surely a practice for a(n),3,in self-confidence and for unhappiness.Let,s say I take a look at someone who creates,4,artwork on their website and I look at my art,and realize I don,t come,5,to being matched with him.In fact,I look pretty pitiful.But it,s not a fair,6,.If I looked at my strengthswriting useful and honest postsI can see that I have a lot to offer,a lot to be happy about.,14/32,-,15,-,A,B,That,s so importantbeing able to look at your own strengths,and see your true,7,.It,s actually one of the,8,to success and happiness.,I want to talk about this issue,9,an email from a reader recently:I have some teammates from very rich families.I can,t stop myself comparing my lifestyle with,10,.I must say that my,11,planning is sound enough to take care of my existing family;and I can take care of new family members also,at least for,12,even if I lose my current job.But,13,I see or hear them spending so much money after possessions,I start comparing,14,.How can I stop this habit,without changing jobs?,15/32,-,16,-,A,B,This is an excellent but tough,15,.I think it,s,16,to compare ourselves to others,but it often makes us unhappy even if we have enough and,17,be happy with what we have.My quick advice:try to be aware of when you start comparing yourself to others.Once you,ve developed this,18,stop yourself and tell yourself,“Stop that!”And then,19,thinking about all the things you do have,the things you love,the people you have and the blessings that,20,has given you.Make this a regular practice,and you,ll start to be happier with your life.,16/32,-,17,-,A,B,1,.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.how,2,.A.oftenB.seldomC.usuallyD.always,3,.A.riseB.increaseC.dropD.failure,4,.A.astonishedB.disappointing,C.shockedD.amazing,5,.A.upB.closeC.downD.closely,6,.A.comparisonB.communication,C.competitionD.connection,7,.A.strengthsB.shortcomings,C.values D.weaknesses,8,.A.reasonsB.keysC.causesD.means,9,.A.because ofB.regardless of,C.in spite ofD.in case of,17/32,-,18,-,A,B,10,.A.themB.theirC.themselvesD.theirs,11,.A.financialB.annualC.specialD.beneficial,12,.A.sometimeB.some time,C.some timesD.sometimes,13,.A.howeverB.whateverC.whereverD.whenever,14,.A.thenB.laterC.againD.thus,15,.A.questionB.personC.phenomenonD.reader,16,.A.strangeB.naturalC.difficultD.important,17,.A.mustB.canC.mayD.should,18,.A.awarenessB.hobbyC.traditionD.custom,19,.A.stopB.helpC.comeD.start,20,.A.happinessB.lifeC.successD.confidence,18/32,-,19,-,A,B,【语篇导读】,这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了很多人都常会和他人攀比,由此而不高兴。和人攀比似乎是自然事,但作者也给出了切实可行提议。,1,.B,解析,考查表语从句。空处引导一个表语从句,引导词在从句中充当,do,宾语,故应用,what,表示事物。,2,.A,解析,考查副词辨析。由前面,at,one,time,or,another,可知,此处于破折号后深入说明,我们有些人甚至会,“,经常,(often)”,这么做。,3,.C,解析,考查名词辨析。由该段说明可知,作者认为这是会让自信,“,下降,(drop)”,习惯做法。,4,.D,解析,考查形容词辨析。由后面,“.and,realize,I,don,t,come,5,to,being,matched,with,him.”,可知,我看到是某个人,“,令人惊叹,(amazing)”,作品。,19/32,-,20,-,A,B,5,.B,解析,考查副词辨析。由后面,“In,fact,I,look,pretty,pitiful.”,可知,前面说明我意识到我无法和他相媲美。,come,close,to,表示,“,靠近,”,。,6,.A,解析,考查名词辨析。文章开头说明你看到他人优点,把它们和你短处相比,而此空后面转折说明我看着自己优点,由此可知前面所说明,“,比较,(comparison)”,是不公平。,7,.C,解析,考查名词辨析。此处所填词应和,strengths,同类,故此处作者说明能够看到你自己真正,“,价值,(value)”,。,8,.B,解析,考查名词辨析。作者认为能够看到自己优点和真正价值是成功和高兴,“,关键,(keys)”,之一。,9,.A,解析,考查介词短语辨析。下文说明是因这一邮件让作者有这一观点,故用,because,of,表示,“,因为,”,。,20/32,-,21,-,A,B,10,.D,解析,考查代词使用方法。作者无法阻止自己和那些十分富裕家庭生活方式相比。故此处用theirs指那些十分富裕家庭人生活。,11,.A,解析,考查形容词辨析。由后面“.even,if,I lose,my,current,job.”,可知,此处说明是作者,“,经济,(financial)”,计划。,12,.B,解析,考查近义词,(,组,),辨析。表示一段时间应用,some,time,。,13,.D,解析,考查让步状语从句。由句意可知,此处应用,whenever,引导让步状语从句,表示,“,不论什么时候,”,。,14,.C,解析,考查副词辨析。由,but,转折可知,作者,“,又,(again)”,开始比较了。,15,.A,解析,考查名词辨析。此处总结上文,起过渡作用,表示这是一个很好但又极难,“,问题,(question)”,。,21/32,-,22,-,A,B,16,.B,解析,考查形容词辨析。后面说明和他人攀比让我们不开心,因为是转折关系,故前面说明是把自己和他人比较又是十分“自然,(natural)”,事情。,17,.D,解析,考查情态动词。此处是一个由,even,if,引导让步状语从句,该句说明即使我们拥有足够东西,且,“,应该,(should)”,对我们所拥有东西感到高兴,但与人比较也经常让我们不高兴。,18,.A,解析,考查名词辨析。此处说明一旦你培养了这一,“,意识,(awareness)”,就停下并告诉你自己别那样做。,19,.D,解析,考查动词辨析。承接前文,“,告诉你自己,别那样做,”,此处说明接下来,“,开始,(start)”,考虑你所拥有一切。,20,.B,解析,考查名词辨析。,“all,the,things,you,do,have”,“the,things,you,love”,“the,people,you,have”,和,“the,blessings,that,20,has,given,you”,并列,故此处说明是,“,生活,(life)”,所给你让你幸福东西。,22/32,-,23,-,A,B,In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The,1,is that countries around the world have growing mountains of,2,because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.,How did we,3,a throwaway society?First of all,it is now easier to,4,an object than to spend time and money to repair it.,5,modern manufacturing(,制造业)and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and,6,.,Another cause is our,7,of disposable(,一次性)products.As,8,people,we are always looking for,9,to save time and make our lives easier.Companies,10,thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.,23/32,-,24,-,A,B,Our appetite for new products also,11,to the problem.We are,12,buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that,13,is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we,14,useful possessions to make room for new ones.,All around the world,we can see the,15,of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To,16,the amount of rubbish and to protect the,17,more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.,18,this is not enough to solve(,处理)our problem.,24/32,-,25,-,A,B,Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions,19,throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about,20,.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.,25/32,-,26,-,A,B,1,.A.keyB.reasonC.projectD.problem,2,.A.giftsB.rubbishC.debtD.products,3,.A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change,4,.A.hideB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw,5,.A.Thanks toB.As to,C.Except forD.Regardless of,6,.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful,7,.A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division,8,.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy,9,.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends,10,.A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve,11,.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes,26/32,-,27,-,A,B,12,.A.tired ofB.addicted to,C.worried aboutD.ashamed for,13,.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger,14,.A.pick upB.pay forC.hold ontoD.throw away,15,.A.advantagesB.purposes,C.functionsD.consequences,16,.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure,17,.A.technologyB.environment,C.consumersD.brands,18,.A.HoweverB.Otherwise,C.ThereforeD.Meanwhile,19,.A.byB.in favour ofC.afterD.instead of,20,.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising,27/32,-,28,-,A,B,【语篇导读】,本文为议论文。因为人们对新事物热衷,我们偏爱一次性用具,进入到了一个“用完就扔社会,”,。为了节约资源保护环境,我们得重新审阅一下我们消费观念,改变我们生活方式。,1,.D,解析,依据第一段末句中,“because,people.than,ever,before”,可知,这里描述是一个世界各国正在面临问题,(problem),。,2,.B,解析,mountains,of,意思是,“,堆成山,太多,”,。从本句后文,“throwing,out,more,rubbish,than,ever,before”,可知答案。,3,.B,解析,本段以设问开头,随即介绍了这个,“,用完就扔社会,”,形成过程,填,become,正确。,face“,面对,”,与二、三两段内容不符。,4,.C,解析,因为此文谈及是被一次性物品充满社会。在被一次性物品充满社会中,和花时间与金钱修理东西相比,更换一个东西当然要更轻易些。,hide“,隐藏,”;control“,控制,”;replace,“,取代,”;withdraw“,提取,”,。,28/32,-,29,-,A,B,5,.A,解析,句意,:,企业生产新产品速度快成本低,这得益于当代制造业和科技发展。由句意可知,前后两个半句为因果关系,thanks,to“,多亏,因为,”,表示原因,符合句意。,as,to“,至于,”,except,for“,除了,”,regardless,of,“,不顾,”,都不符合句意,故选,A,项。,6,.C,解析,从上句,“inexpensively”,可知,产品丰富而且廉价,所以用,cheap,。,7,.A,解析,从当前情况可知,我们大部分人喜爱一次性产品,所以用,love,。,lack“,缺乏,”,prevention“,预防,阻止,”,division“,区分,”,均与句意不符。,8,.D,解析,为何要节约时间,?,是因为人们比较忙。,sensitive,“,敏感,”,kind“,善良,”,brave“,勇敢,”,都与句意不符,故选,D,项。,9,.A,解析,忙碌我们总是寻找节约时间方法。,way“,方法,”,符合句意。,place“,地方,”,job“,工作,”,friend“,朋友,”,均与句意不符。,29/32,-,30,-,A,B,10,.C,解析,本句主语为,companies“,企业,”,和宾语thousands,of,different,kinds,of,disposable,products“,成千上万不一样种类一次性产品,”,是主谓关系,再依据句意可知,只能用,produce“,生产,”,。,11,.D,解析,由本段内容可知,我们对新产品强烈欲望也会使这个问题愈加严重。,contribute,to,为固定搭配,意思是,“,造成,加剧,”,。,12,.B,解析,从上句可知,人们喜欢新产品。本空所在句句意为我们热衷于购置新产品。,be,addicted,to“,沉迷于,上瘾,”,。,13,.A,解析,从本段前两句可知,这一段话题是谈论新产品,用,newer,正确。与产品其它属性无关,所以不用,stronger,higher,或,larger,。,14,.D,解析,因为购置太多新产品,我们会把旧东西,“,扔掉,”,为新产品腾出空间。所以选,throw,away,。,30/32,-,31,-,A,B,15,.D,解析,这一句是本段主题句。下面几句围绕其展开。下一句,“Mountains,of,rubbish just keep,getting,bigger.”,就是这个,“,用完就扔生活方式,”,带来后果。,consequence,意思是,“,结果,后果,”,符合句意。,16,.C,解析,依据后句中,“more,governments,are,requiring,people,to,recycle,materials”,和文章最终一句中,“.to,reduce,the,amount,of,rubbish,and,take,care,of,our,environment”,可知,人们回收资源目标是降低垃圾数量和保护环境。,decrease“,降低,”,符合句意。,show“,展示,”;record“,统计,”;measure“,测量,”,。,17,.B,解析,从上句可知,降低垃圾目标是保护环境,protect,宾语应该是,environment,。,18,.A,解析,依据下一段内容以及空格后,“this,is,not,enough,to,solve,our,problem”,推理可知空格前后应为转折关系,故选择,however,。,31/32,-,32,-,A,B,19,.D,解析,这一句首尾呼应,回到了本文话题。我们能够修复原来东西,而不是扔掉它们。,instead,of“,而不是,”,。,20,.A,解析,从下一句,“changing,our,spending,habits”,可知,作者提议我们重新考虑我们消费观念。故选,A,项。,32/32,
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