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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Two Kinds,Amy Tan,1/76,About the author,Amy Tan(谭 恩 美),Her parents were Chinese immigrants.,Born in Oakland,California,in 1952,Masters degree in linguistics,A consultant to programs for disabled,children,later a free-lance writer.,Her works,The Joy Luck Club,(1989)喜福会,The Kitchen Gods wife,(1991)灶神之妻,The Hundred Secret Senses,(1995)百种神秘感觉,The Bonesetters Daughter,()接骨师之女,Saving Fish from Drowning,()拯救溺水鱼,2/76,The Joy Luck Club,3/76,4/76,How to appreciate stories,A,.Setting,B,.Plot,C,.Conflict,D,.Theme,E,.Point of view,F,.Characters,5/76,A.Setting:when and where the story takes place,The Setting of,Two Kinds,It takes place approximately from 1950s to 1980s in USA.,6/76,B Plot,The plot of the traditional story contains 4 parts:,beginning,developing,climax and end.,It often moves through 5 stages:,exposition(铺垫),rising action(开端,上升情节),crisis or climax(高潮),falling action(高潮之后部分),resolution(结局).,7/76,Structure of the story,Structure of the story,Exposition,(para.1-3),Rising action,(para.4-60),section 1(para.4-11),section 2 (para.12-20),section 3(para.21-28),section 4 (para.29-46),section 5 (para.47-60),Climax,(para.61-76),Falling action,(para.77-89),Resolution,(para.90-93,),8/76,C.Conflict,Conflict is essential to plot.Without conflict there is no plot.It is the opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the plot move.,9/76,two,types,of conflict,1)External-A struggle with a force outside ones self.,2)Internal-A struggle within ones self;a person must make some decision,overcome pain,quiet their temper,resist an urge,etc.,10/76,four,kinds,of conflict,1),Man vs.Man(physical),-The leading character struggles with his physical strength against other men,forces of nature,or animals.,2),Man vs.Circumstances(classical),-The leading character struggles against fate,or the circumstances of life facing him/her.,3),Man vs.Society(social),-The leading character struggles against ideas,practices,or customs of other people.,4),Man vs.Himself/Herself(psychological),-The leading character struggles with himself/herself;with his/her own soul,ideas of right or wrong,physical limitations,choices,etc.,11/76,D Theme,The theme of a story is different from the plot.While the plot tells,what happens in the story,the theme shows,what the story is about,.The theme of a story is the general meaning,the central and dominating idea that unifies and controls the total work.Usually it is easier to summarize the events than to state the theme in ones own word.,12/76,What is the theme of this story?,Miscommunication between immigrant parents and their American-born children,.,.,.,.,.,13/76,E.Point of View,Point of view,or p.o.v.,is defined as the angle from which the story is told.,1.First Person.,2.Omniscient-全知,无所不知,a)Omniscient Limited,b)Omniscient Objective,14/76,First-person narration,A story can be told from the 1st or 3rd person.When the 1st-person narrative is used,the story is told by“I”.In this story,the narrator,the daughter,is one of the main characters of the story.The whole story is narrated by the daughter.Though the narrator remains the same,the point of view may change.Most of the story is narrated from the point of view of the daughter as a little girl and the last part is from the point of view of the same daughter when she has grown up.,We readers should distinguish between the,1st-person narrator“I”,and,the author,who wrote the story.In other words,the fictional“I”and the real-life author are not the same person,though in an autobiographical novel or story,many events that“I”experience are based on the authors own life experiences.,15/76,The 1st-person narrative is,more effective,than the 3rd-person narrative.,As the 1st-person narrator is part of the story,she/he can,move freely,within the fictional world and approach other fictional characters.,The 1st-person narrator,addresses the reader directly,.,The immediate and compelling quality of the 1st-person narration enables the author to,capture the moment,as if it were taking place this very instant and right here.,The 1st-person is either a participant of an eyewitness of the events.So there is,authority,in the 1st-person narration.,16/76,The 1st-person narration can also,allow the reader to enter the mind of the narrator,.The narrator tells us what happens in the physical world as well as in his/her mental world.,Restrictions,of the 1st-person narration:it is,tightly controlled and limited,in its access to information.It can only tell us that the narrator sees and knows.It cannot let the reader enter the minds of other characters.So the 1st-person narration is inevitably limited and may even be biased in terms of perspectives and observations.,17/76,F.Characters,There are two meanings for the word“character”:,1)The person in a work of fiction.2)The characteristics of a person.,Persons in a work of fiction-,Antagonist and Protagonist,Short stories use few characters.One character is clearly central to the story with all major events having some importance to this character-he/she is the PROTAGONIST.The opposer of the main character is called the ANTAGONIST.,18/76,The Characteristics of a Person,In order for a story to seem real to the reader its characters must seem real.Characterization is the information the author gives the reader about the characters themselves.The author may reveal a character in several ways:a)his/her physical appearance b)what he/she says,thinks,feels and dreams c)what he/she does or does not do d)what others say about him/her and how others react to him/her,19/76,A well-portrayed character should be what we call dynamic or round,not static or flat.A dynamic or round character,with richness in personality,grows or develops in the progress of the story while a static,or flat,one stays unchanged,more or less the same throughout the story.,20/76,Text Appreciation,21/76,Part I of the story(para.1-3)Exposition,What are the reasons that Suyuan Woo placed all her hopes on this American-born child?,22/76,Firstly,she held that anything can be got in the society.Whether she was aware or not,she was influenced by and believed in the“American Dream”.,Secondly,she was competing with her best friend Lindo,who had a smart daughter.,Thirdly,she had lost everything in China and had come to America with the determination to make things better She was transferring her own hopes to her daughter.,.,23/76,with almost no money down,down:,adv.,in cash,without any down payment,that is,completely on loan,几乎不用首付现款,24/76,Rising Action(Para 4-60),Subsection 1(Para 4-11),25/76,This part is about the mothers unsuccessful attempt to change her daughter into a Chinese Shirley Temple.In the beginning the child was as excited as the mother about becoming a prodigy.At this point,the conflict between mother and daughter was not visible,.,26/76,27/76,Instead of getting big fat curls,I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.,crinkly:,a.full of ripples,起绉,绉褶多,fuzz:,n.thin,soft hair,细毛,绒毛,我头发没有做出我要大卷花，而是给我弄成了一头乱蓬蓬黑色小卷毛。,28/76,29/76,I pictured this prodigy of metrying each one on for size,.,Trying each one for size:,to try something,especially clothing,to see if it is the right size for you,The sentence means I imagined myself as different types of prodigy,trying to find out which one suited me the best.,30/76,a dainty ballerina girl:,a small,pretty and delicate girl who dances in ballets.,“crying with holy indignity”,-The author is being humorous here.Jesus Christ did everything with holy dignity,such as preaching and healing the sick.But when he was a newborn baby,and when he was lifted out of the straw manger(草槽）,he cried just like other ordinary babies,without holy dignity,but with indignity.Yet,because he was the holy Son of God,his indignity was holy,too.,beyond reproach:,reproach:,riprut n.责备,耻辱v.责备,申斥,完美无缺,31/76,Subsection 2(Para 12-20),In this part,we learn that the mother was trying very hard to train her daughter to be a genius.As the tests got more and more difficult,daughter lost heart.So she decided that she would not let her mother change her,which means the rising action of the plot.,32/76,difficult tests,Capitals of different countries,Multiply numbers in her head,Find the queen of hearts in a deck of cards,Stand on head without using her hands,Predict the daily temperatures in LA,NY,and London,Read the Bible for 3 minutes and report everything she could remember,33/76,She checked to see if that was.the answer.,在她告诉我答案前，她对了对手中杂志，看看赫尔辛基是否能够这么发音。,34/76,multiplying numbers in my head:,心算乘法,a deck of cards:,Hearts,Clubs,Spades,Diamonds,stand on my head without using my hands:,不用手扶倒立,the raised hopes and failed expectations:,过高期望和达不到期盼,35/76,I looked in the mirror,What did the girl see in the mirror?,Ordinary face,An angry and powerful girl.She felt that the true prodigy side of her was a strong character and an independent mind.,What new thoughts did she have now?What did she decide to do?,She had new thoughts which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience,rebellion.She decided not to cooperate with her mothers plans.,36/76,I had new thoughts.lots of wonts.,I had new thoughs which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience,rebellion.,37/76,Subsection 3(Paras.21-28),While watching a Chinese girl playing the piano on Ed Sullivan Show,a new idea flashed into the mothers head.With the new plan introduced,the conflict would develop further.,38/76,short out:,短路,It was like a-the TV set.,她和电视好像上演了一段舞蹈，二者不相拥抱，动作僵硬。,Sound dial:,调音盒,Para 21-It shows how the author uses simple but vivid expressive language in her depiction.,39/76,She seemed to be.playful parts.,entrance:,v,.,be very interested in and pleased with something that make someone feel that you pay a lot of attention 使出神,使入迷,frenzied:,a.affected with or marked by frenzy or mania uncontrolled by reason.疯狂,激怒,mesmerize:,v.m,ake someone feel that they must watch or listen to because they are so interested 施催眠术,迷住,迷惑,她似乎被这音乐吸引住了。这首钢琴曲不长，有点狂乱，有着迷人特点，乐曲一开始是快节奏，接着是欢快跳跃节拍，然后又回到嬉戏部分。,40/76,How special is the girl playing the piano on TV?,Chinese girl of nine,Peter Pan,Sauciness of Shirley Temple-like,Modesty of Chinese child.,41/76,The girl had the sauciness of a ShirleyTemple.,sauciness:,rudeness in an amusing way,The girl was Shiley Temple-like,slightly rude but in an amusing way.,42/76,reams of:,a large amount of writing on paper,sheet music:,music that is printed on single sheets and not fastened together inside a cover 活页乐谱,bad-mouth:,to find fault with,to criticize,pick on sb:,blame sb for sth,esp,unfairly,43/76,Subsection 4(Paras.29-46),It tells about how the girl was made to learn the piano under the instructions of Old Chong.The girl hated the piano lessons because she didnt want to be somebody she was not.The relationship between mother and daughter was getting more and more tense.,44/76,If she had as much talent as she had temper,she would be famous now.,假如她脾气和才气一样大话，她早就知名了。,45/76,tapping his fingers to the silent music of an invisible orchestra,用手指伴随一支无形乐团无声音乐打着拍子。,46/76,keep time:,to play a piece of music using the right rhythm and speed,47/76,“,dutifully in my own way”,If you say that you do sth.dutifully,you do what you are expected and behave in a loyal and an obedient way,with a sense of duty.Here by adding“in my own way”,the girl meant that she practiced like that not according to her mothers expectation but to her own plans.,48/76,squabble over /about:,to quarrel continuously about sth.unimportant,49/76,In other words,for the most part,we hated each other.,Sibling rivalry is competition between brothers and sisters for their parents attention or love.Although there is a sibling rivalry in all cultures,it may be more common in American families than in Chinese families because of different family education and family values.In American families,every child is led to think he/she is the best.They are encouraged to compete for everything from an early age on.In Chinese families,elder sisters and brothers are told to look after their younger sisters and brothers.In return,younger ones are supposed to show respect for the older ones.In American families,more stress is put on individual rights and equality than on relation in which the older and the younger siblings have different roles to play.,50/76,Story Reviewing,Shirley Temple beauty training school uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz Peter Pan straight-across bangs picture prodigy beyond reproach,Formica kitchen table magazine in a pile capitals Finland Nairobi multiply numbers in head queen of hearts stand on head,predict temperature Bible disappointed face look in the mirror,what Im not count bellows give up,Ed Sullivan Show short out stiff embraceless dance frenzied piano piece Chinese girl warning sign not worried bad-mouth,“Anitras Dance,Mr Chong retired piano teacher housecleaning service whine kick foot tap finger thick glasses deaf applaud keep rhythm mistake Lindo Jong Waverly trophy natural talent,51/76,Subsection 5(Paras.47-60),Jing-mei was to perform in a talent show in the church.This was a good opportunity for parents to show off their talented children to their friends.The heroine started all right and soon made a mess of her performance.Undoubtedly this was a heavy blow to her mother.The girl expected angry accusations from her mother.To her surprise as well as disappointment,nothing happened when they got home.This silence means the climax is about to come.,52/76,talent show:,a competition in which people show how well they sing,dance,or tell jokes,etc.,才艺演出,the only showpiece of our living room:,我们起居室里唯一摆设,53/76,Why does the author choose the music“Pleading Child”for the girl to play in the talent show?,Because the title suits the situation the girl was in at that time:She was requesting for freedom from the mothers control of attempting to change the girl into a prodigy.,54/76,The part I liked.look up and smile.,我最喜欢练习部分是花哨谢幕礼动作：先出右脚，脚尖点在地毯玫瑰图案上，身子侧摆，左腿弯曲，抬头，微笑。,55/76,stiff-lipped smile,尴尬，不自然笑容,56/76,A chill started.the right track.,一股凉气从头顶开始，然后一点点传到全身。但我却不能停顿演奏，双手好像着了魔似。我不停地想，我手指会调整好，就像火车会被扳回正确轨道上。,57/76,Why did the girl feel disappointed when no accusation and no blame came from her mother?,Because she had been waiting for her mother to start shouting so that she could shout back and cry and blame her mother for all her misery or sufferings of not only the complete failure at the talent show but all the tortures she had experienced in mothers attempt to change her into a prodigy.,58/76,Reactions from all,who,Before the talent show,after the talent show,the girl,her father,her mother,Auntie Lindo,Waverly,audience,excitement,no fear,no nervousness,Chill,legs were shaking,my whole face quivering,yawn,That was something else.,blank,stricken face,silent,Stiff-lipped smile,Lots of talented kids,said vaguely,smiling broadly,Sulky expression,Shrugged,you are not a genius like me.,Clapped enthusiastically,Clapped weakly,59/76,Climax,Subsect
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