高中英语-Module-5-Cloning-Section-Ⅰ-Introduction-Vocab.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Module,5,Cloning,1/54,关于克隆构想,中国明代大作家吴承恩在西游记中已经有精彩描述孙悟空经常在紧要关头拔一把猴毛变出一大群猴子,这当然是神话,但用今天科学技术,能否实现这一梦想呢?让我们一起来看看科学家“克隆”之路吧。,2/54,The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity,1,.The copied material,which has the same genetic make-up as the original,is referred to as a clone.,Researchers have cloned a wide range of biological materials,including genes,cells,tissues and even entire organisms,such as a sheep.,Over the last 50 years,scientists have conducted cloning experiments in a wide range of animals using a variety of techniques.In 1979,researchers produced the first genetically identical mice by splitting mouse embryos in the test tube and then implanting the resulting embryos into the wombs of adult female mice.Shortly after that,researchers produced the first genetically identical cows,sheep and chickens by transferring,2,the nucleus of a cell taken from an early embryo into an egg that had been emptied of its nucleus.,3/54,It was not until 1996,however,that researchers succeeded in cloning the first mammal from a mature(somatic)cell taken from an adult animal.After 276 attempts,Scottish researchers finally produced Dolly,the lamb from the udder cell of a 6-year-old sheep.Two years later,researchers in,Japan cloned eight calves from a single cow,but only four survived.,Besides cattle and sheep,other mammals that have been cloned from somatic cells include:cat,deer,dog,horse,mule,ox,rabbit and rat.In addition,a rhesus monkey has been cloned by embryo splitting.,4/54,单词注释,1,.entity n.,独立存在物;实体,2,.transfer v.,转移,难句剖析,It was not until 1996,however,that researchers succeeded in cloning the first mammal from a mature(somatic)cell taken from an adult animal.,译文:然而,直到1996年,研究者才从成年动物成熟细胞中成功克隆出第一个哺乳动物。,这是not until强调句型,去掉句首It was和后面that,该句子依然完整。强调句中过去分词部分taken from an adult animal作名词cell定语。,5/54,定语。,导读诱思,1,.What is cloning?,2,.When was the mammal cloned?,答案,:,1.The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity.The copied material,which has the same genetic make-up as the original,is referred to as a clone.,2.It was cloned in 1996.,6/54,Section,Introduction,Vocabulary&Reading,7/54,一,二,三,四,Pre-reading,一、,Do,you,know,Dolly,?,Can,you,say,something,about,Dolly,?,答案,:,Dolly is the first cloned sheep in the world.She was born in July 1996 in England.Although she is young,she has four babies already.Unfortunately,she died in.,8/54,一,二,三,四,9/54,一,二,三,四,答案,:,1.emotions,2.refuses3.murders4.chases5.burnt out6.breathed7.contrasted horribly with8.threw myself on9.made a sound10.again and again,10/54,一,二,三,四,Post-reading,三、依据课文内容填空,Frankenstein is a young scientist from Geneva,in Switzerland.While,1,.,at university,he discovers the secret of how to,2,.,life.Using bones from dead bodies,he creates a creature that,3,.,a human being and gives it life.The creature,which is very large and strong,and is also,4,.,ugly,5,.,anyone who sees it.He wishes he had not created this creature,and he wishes he could disappear!,11/54,一,二,三,四,The monster was the ugliest thing that Frankenstein had ever seen!The beauty of the dream,6,.,and horror and,7,.,filled his heart.When the monster turned to look at Frankenstein,he felt unable to stay in the same room as him.He,8,.,out and for a long time he walked up and down his bedroom.At last he,9,.,himself on the bed in his clothes.When he woke,Frankenstein found the monster,10,.,by his bed.He ran out of the room,hid in the garden and stayed there till morning.He wished he had not done the terrible thing.But it was too late.,答案,:,1.studying,2.create3.resembles4.extremely,5.terrifies,6.vanished7.disgust8.rushed9.threw10.standing,12/54,一,二,三,四,四、短语互译,A.,温故:从课文中找出以下短语,并写出它们汉语意思。,1,.give life to,2,.end one,s life,3,.rush out,4,.walk up and down,5,.put out,答案,:,A.1.,赋予生命/生机2.结束某人生命3.冲出去4.往返走动5.伸出,13/54,一,二,三,四,B.,知新:从课文中找出与以下短语相对应英文。,1,.,燃尽,2,.,与形成对照,3,.,扑倒在上,4,.,发出声音,5,.,一再,一再,答案,:,B.1.burn out,2.contrast with3.throw oneself on4.make a sound5.again and again,14/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,1.The,creature,which,is,very,large,and,strong,and,is,also,extremely,ugly,terrifies,anyone,who,sees,it.,那个怪物非常高大、强壮,而且极其丑陋,全部人见了它都感到害怕。,考点,:,terrify,v.,使惊慌,使受惊吓,The thunderstorm,terrified,the child.,雷雨把那个小孩吓坏了。,The animals were,terrified,by the storm.,动物被暴风雨吓坏了。,15/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸,1),阅读以下句子,体会黑体词词性及含义,They were,terrified,when they heard that the lion had got out of its cage.,听说狮子从笼子里逃脱后,他们感到惊慌不安。,词性,:,形容词,含义,:,感到害怕,This movie is,by turns,terrifying,and very funny.,这部电影一会儿令人毛骨悚然,一会儿滑稽可笑。,词性,:,形容词,含义,:,令人害怕,The,terrorist,demanded money from the child,s parents.,恐怖分子向孩子父母勒索钱财。,词性,:,名词,含义,:,恐怖分子,16/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,归纳,:,表情绪改变动词,-ed,结构,常修饰人或者有些人所发出动作、表情、声音等,意为,“,感到,”;,而,-ing,结构常修饰事物,意为,“,令人,”,。有这类使用方法词还有,:surprise,excite,interest,appoint,astonish,tire,relax,bore,等。,2),阅读以下句子,体会黑体词搭配及意义,She was,terrified,of snakes.,她怕蛇。,搭配,:,be terrified of,意义,:,害怕,He,terrified,the boy into telling a lie.,他胁迫那小男孩撒谎。,搭配,:,terrify sb.into doing sth.,意义,:,威胁某人做某事,The girl was,terrified,out of her wits.,那女孩吓得魂不附体。,搭配,:,be terrified out of one,s wits,意义,:,吓得魂不附体,17/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,18/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,2.When,Frankenstein,refuses,to,create,a,wife,for,him,the,monster,murders,Frankensteins,brother,his,best,friend,Clerval,and,finally,Frankensteins,new,wife,Elizabeth.,当弗兰肯斯坦拒绝为他造一个妻子后,怪物杀害了弗兰肯斯坦弟兄和他最好朋友克莱瓦尔,最终,还杀死了弗兰肯斯坦新婚妻子伊丽莎白。,考点,:,refuse,v.,拒绝,He offered to help me,but I,refused,his kindness.,他主动提出要帮我,但我拒绝了他好意。,She,refuses,to watch such a terrifying TV play.,她拒绝看如此恐怖电视剧。,19/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸,辨析,:refuse,decline,object,与,reject,refuse,指果断、果断或坦率地,“,拒绝,”,。,decline,指比较正式地、有礼貌地,“,谢绝,”,。,object“,反对,(,某人或某事,)”,本身为不及物动词,后接介词,to,后面能够接名词或动词,-ing,形式。,reject,以否定、敌正确态度,“,当面拒绝,”,。,20/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,The hospital,refused,to offer medical help to the homeless.,医院拒绝向无家可归人提供医疗救助。,We,declined,their invitation.,我们婉言谢绝了他们邀请。,I don,t,object,to,the,children,going,with us.,我不反对孩子们和我们一起去。,The request of being equally paid by the workers has been,rejected,by the managers.,工人提出同工同酬要求遭到了管理者拒绝。,21/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,22/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,3.The,scientist,chases,the,creature,to,the,Arctic,in,order,to,destroy,him,but,he,dies,there.,这个科学家,(,弗兰肯斯坦,),追赶这个怪物到北极,希望杀死他,但他本人却死在了那儿。,考点,:,chase,vt.,追逐,追赶,追踪,Dogs like to,chase,rabbits.,狗喜欢追赶兔子。,考点延伸,阅读以下句子,体会黑体词搭配及意义,I,ve been,chasing,around town all morning looking for a present for Sharon.,为了送给莎伦一件礼品,我一早晨都在满城奔走寻觅。,搭配,:,chase around,意义,:,急奔,急赶,23/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,The huntsmen rode fast,chasing,after the fox.,猎人们疾驶着追捕那只狐狸。,搭配,:,chase after,意义,:,追捕,跑步追上,The dog ran into the garden and,chased,the birds away.,狗奔进了花园,赶跑了鸟。,搭配,:,chase.away,意义,:,把赶走;驱逐,She,chased,the children out of the kitchen.,她把孩子们赶出了厨房。,搭配,:,chase.out of,意义,:,将从赶出去,The police have been trying to,chase,up the dead man,s sister,but they have no idea where she lives.,警方一直在追寻死者妹妹,但他们不知道她住在哪里。,搭配,:,chase up,意义,:,追寻,追查,24/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,25/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,4.It,was,on,a,cold,November,night,that,I,saw,my,creation,for,the,first,time.,我是在,11,月一个严寒晚上首次看到我作品。,剖析,:,这是一个强调句,基本结构是:,+,强调部分+,+,剩下部分。,本句型能够对句子除谓语动词之外全部成份进行强调,强调作主语人时,that可用,替换。,答案,:,It is/was;that;who,It,was,Wang Linhong,that/who,helped the old man on the bus.,是王林红在汽车上帮助了那位老人。,It,is,at the door,that,a stranger is waiting for a student.,一个陌生人在门口等一个学生。,26/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,27/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,5.My,candle,was,almost,burnt,out.,我蜡烛几乎燃尽了,考点,:,burn,out,(,火,),燃尽,烧完自灭,That small fire can be left to,burn,(itself),out,.,那火小,可让它自己烧尽。,If he doesn,t stop working so hard,he,ll,burn,himself,out,.,假如他继续这么拼命地工作会累垮。,28/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸,阅读以下句子,体会黑体词搭配及意义,The skin on his foot was,burnt,away.,他脚上皮肤都被烧掉了。,搭配,:,burn away,意义,:,烧掉,The building was,burnt,down.,大楼被烧毁了。,搭配,:,burn down,意义,:,把焚为平地,29/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,Put more wood on the fire to make it,burn,up.,再往火上续点柴让它烧得更旺。,搭配,:,burn up,意义,:,烧得更旺,Her words made his heart,burn,with frustration.,她那些话使他极端气馁。,搭配,:,burn with,意义,:,被充满,He has been,burning,for a chance to visit Beijing.,他一直渴望能有一次机会去参观北京。,搭配,:,burn for,意义,:,希望取得;渴望,30/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,31/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,6.It,breathed,hard,and,moved,its,arms,and,legs.,它喘着粗气,扭动着四肢。,考点,:,breathe,v.,呼吸,It,s healthy,to,breathe,deeply.,深呼吸有益于健康。,考点延伸,阅读以下句子,体会黑体词搭配及意义,The doctor told me to,breathe,in and then,breathe,out slowly.,医生叫我吸气然后慢慢地呼出。,搭配,:,breathe in,意义,:,吸气,搭配,:,breathe out,意义,:,呼气,32/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,Reaching the top of the tower,he was out of,breath,.,到了塔顶,他上气不接下气。,搭配,:,out of breath,意义,:,气喘吁吁;上气不接下气,We held our,breath,in excitement.,我们激动地屏息凝神。,搭配,:,hold one,s breath,意义,:,屏住呼吸,The beautiful view from the top of the mountain took my,breath,away.,从山顶看到美景使我目瞪口呆。,搭配,:,take one,s breath away,意义,:,使(某人)目瞪口呆;使大吃一惊,33/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,34/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,7.His,hair,was,black,and,his,teeth,were,white.But,these,things,contrasted,horribly,with,his,yellow,eyes,his,wrinkled,yellow,skin,and,black,lips.,他头发是黑色,牙齿是白色,但这些却与他黄眼睛、黑嘴唇以及皱巴巴黄色皮肤形成了骇人对比。,考点,:,contrast,v.&n.,对照,The writer,contrasts,good with evil.,作家使美好与邪恶形成对照。,35/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸,1),阅读以下句子,体会黑体词搭配及意义,Her actions,contrasted,sharply with her promises.,她行动与她诺言有天壤之别。,搭配,:,contrast with,意义,:,与相比,Black is a,contrast,to/with white.,黑与白是相正确。,搭配,:,be a contrast to/with,意义,:,和成对比,36/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,The private sector,by,contrast,has plenty of money to spend.,相比之下,私营部门就有很多钱可供开销。,搭配,:,by contrast,意义,:,相比之下,In,contrast,with her sister,she is very tall.,与姐姐相比,她个子很高。,搭配,:,in contrast with,意义,:,与相比,37/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,2),辨析,:compare,与,contrast,都含,“,相比,比较,”,意思。,compare,常指为了找出两种事物或现象异同点而进行比较,compare.to.“,把,比作,”,。,contrast,指二者之间,“,对照,对比,”,着重指经过两种事物或现象对比,突出地指出它们不一样。,It is interesting to,compare,their situations and ours.,把他们情况与我们相比很有意思。,Her actions and her promises,contrasted,sharply.,她行动与她诺言相差甚远。,38/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,39/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,8.But,now,I,had,finished,the,beauty,of,the,dream,vanished,and,horror,and,disgust,filled,my,heart.,现在我已经完成了创作,但梦想中漂亮已荡然无存,恐怖和厌恶充满着我心灵。,考点,:,disgust,v.,使以为恶心,;,使厌烦,The smell of the fish,disgusted,me.,鱼腥味使我以为恶心。,His crudeness,disgusted,her.,他粗野令她厌烦。,40/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸,1),阅读以下句子,体会黑体词词性及含义,The smell filled me with,disgust,.,这股气味使我作呕。,词性,:,名词,含义,:,厌恶,反感,The bad fish had a,disgusting,smell.,这条坏鱼有一股令人作呕气味。,词性,:,形容词,含义,:,令人作呕,I,m sickened and,disgusted,.,我感到恶心和反感。,词性,:,形容词,含义,:,厌恶,厌烦,41/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,2),阅读以下句子,体会黑体词搭配及意义,To my,disgust,they refused to help.,令我反感是,他们拒绝帮忙。,搭配,:,to one,s disgust,意义,:,令某人反感是,He returned downstairs in,disgust,.,他厌恶地转身下楼了。,搭配,:,in/with disgust,意义,:,厌恶地,I,m,disgusted,with what she said.,我对她话很反感。,搭配,:,be disgusted with/at,意义,:,对感到恶心,42/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,43/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,9.At,last,I,threw,myself,on,the,bed,in,my,clothes,trying,to,find,a,few,moments,of,sleep.,最终,我和衣倒在床上,试图睡一会儿。,考点,:,throw,oneself,on,扑倒在,上,He tried to catch the butterfly,but,threw,himself,on,the ground.,他想抓住那只蝴蝶,但扑倒在地上了。,44/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸,阅读以下句子,体会黑体词搭配及意义,You can never,throw,yourself on that fellow.,你决不能依赖那家伙。,搭配,:,throw oneself on,意义,:,依赖,将自己托付给,Don,t,throw,waste paper about.,不要乱扔废纸。,搭配,:,throw about,意义,:,处处扔,The child,threw,all the old toys aside.,孩子把全部旧玩具扔在一边。,搭配,:,throw aside,意义,:,把扔在一边,Don,t,throw,those magazines away.I haven,t read them yet.,别把那些杂志扔掉,我还没看呢。,搭配,:,throw away,意义,:,丢弃,45/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,46/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,10.I,woke,shaking,with,fear.At,that,same,moment,I,saw,the,creature,that,I,had,created.,我满身战栗着吓醒了。就在那一刻,我看见了我创造出来怪物。,剖析,:1)shaking with fear,为动词-ing短语作状语,表示伴随。,2)that I had created,为that引导定语从句。,考点,:,fear,n.,害怕,恐惧,v.,害怕,畏惧,Her heart was filled with,fear,when she heard of it.,她听到这件事时,心里充满了恐惧。,She,fears,to speak in public.,她害怕在公众场所讲话。,47/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点延伸,阅读以下句子,体会黑体词搭配及意义,All mothers,fear,for their children when they travel far.,儿行千里母担忧。,搭配,:,fear for,意义,:,担心安全,The thief passed the day in,fear,of discovery.,那小偷整天提心吊胆怕被发觉。,搭配,:,in fear of,意义,:,怕,为提心吊胆,48/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,For,fear,of disturbing others she spoke in a low voice.,因为怕打搅他人,她低声说话。,搭配,:,for fear of,意义,:,为了防止,害怕,We spoke in whispers for,fear,that we might wake the baby.,我们轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。,搭配,:,for fear that,意义,:,唯恐,生怕,49/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,50/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,11.I,hid,in,the,garden,and,stayed,there,till,morning,terrified,by,what,I,had,done.Again,and,again,I,thought,“,I,wish,I,had,not,done,this,terrible,thing,I,wish,I,was,dead,!”,因为为我做过事情感到害怕,我藏在花园,一直待到天亮。我一遍又一遍地想,:“,希望我没有做这可怕事,!,希望我死了,!”,剖析,:1)terrified by what I had done,为过去分词短语作原因状语。what引导一个宾语从句。,2)I wish I had not done this terrible thing,I wish I was dead,利用了虚拟语气,表示与过去事实相反愿望,从句中用过去完成时。,51/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,考点,:,again,and,again,一再,一再,Don,t make the same mistake,again,and,again,.,不要一次次犯相同错误。,考点延伸,阅读以下句子,体会黑体部分意义,Once,again,the car refused to start.,又试了一次,汽车还是发动不起来。,意义,:,再一次,The engineer explained the main points of the technical problem(,all,),over,again,.,工程师把那个技术问题重点重新讲了一遍。,意义,:,再一次,重新,重复,52/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,The couple quarrelled,now,and,again,.,这对夫妇不时地发生口角。,意义,:,经常,不时地,I,ve warned you,over,and,over,again,not to do that.,我一再地警告你不要那样做。,意义,:,一再,屡次,重复,53/54,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,54/54,