限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Defining and Non-defining Clauses,Grammar,第1页,objective,To use the Defining and Non-defining Clauses correctly,第2页,语法讲解提议采取归纳法，如尽可能多展现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找对应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。,第3页,Read these sentences and discuss which words in the sentences the clauses(in italics)refer to.,There were inventions and developments in China,which,were not available in Europe at that time,.,Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner,who enjoyed listening to his stories about China,.,The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World,which became one of the best-selling books in Europe,.,第4页,Which of the clauses above gives,1)information to identify the person(s)/object(s)?(defining clause),2)extra information about a person or a thing,which can be left out?(non-defining clause),第5页,限制性定语从句:,所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义,上不可缺乏定语,假如去掉,主句就失,去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行,词关系十分亲密,写时不用逗号和主,句分开。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:,第6页,Do you remember the girl who taught,us English？,你还记得教我们英语那个女孩吗？,(假如把从句部分去掉,整个句子含,义就变了。),第7页,非限制性定语从句:,非限制性定语从句和主句关系并不十,分亲密,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如,果去掉,主句意思依然清楚。这种从,句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话,时须停顿，普通不用that引导。,第8页,Mr.Zhang,who,came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.,张先生昨天来看我，他是我一位朋友。,(去掉从句,主句意义依然完整:张先生是我一位朋友。),2.We walked down the village street,where,they were having market day.,我们沿着村里大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。,(去掉从句,主句意义依然完整:,我们沿着村里大街向前走去。,),第9页,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,形式上,不用逗号“，”与主句隔开,用逗号“，”与主句隔开,意义上,是先行词不可缺乏定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表示不完整,只是对先行词补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表示完整意思。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区分,第10页,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区分,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,译法上,译成先行词定语：“”,通常译成主句并列句,关系词使用上,1.作宾语时可省略,1.不可省略,2.可用that,2.不用that,3.可用who代替,whom,3.不可用who,代替whom,第11页,引导非限制性定语从句,which,能够指代前面先行词，也能够指代前面整个句子。,That Peter will marry Alice,which,has not been announced yet,has spread around.,皮特要娶爱丽丝这件事，还没宣告，却已穿得沸沸扬扬,。句中which指代“皮特要娶爱丽丝”这件事。,第12页,除,which,外，还可用,when,where,who,whom,等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。,After graduation,I decided to stay in Chongqing,where,I spent my childhood and four years of college life.,Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during the World War II,when,Jews were badly treated in Germany.,第13页,在限制性定语从句中，假如先行词作宾语时，引导词能够省略，但引导非限制性定语从句引导词不能省，同时关系代词,whom,不能用,who,替换。,The American journalist,(whom/who),the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.,播音员在新闻广播中提到那位美国记者听说已经被匪徒杀害了。,第14页,He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,whom,he loved and respected as his own mother.,他急于想去医院探望他继母，他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。,第15页,All the magazines here,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.,里面有漂亮图画那些杂志是他写。,All the magazines here,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.,全部杂志都是他写,里面都有漂亮图画。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句意思。,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一个）,第16页,Mr.Smith,who,is our boss,will leave for Japan.,当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二事物或家庭唯一组员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China，the Pyramids of Egypt and,the Aswan High Dam,，,which,is also in Egypt世界上最大三项人造工程是中国长城，埃及金字塔和阿斯旺高坝，它也在埃及。,第17页,在,of which/whom,之前能够使用表示数量或定位数词或代词。,1.I am doing different types of exercises,all of which,are quite helpful to my health.,2.Many people,some of whom,are not overweight,are going on diets.,3.There are 54 students in my class,three of whom,come from the US.,第18页,非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：,一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that,引导。,1.I like the book,which was bought,yesterday,.,我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买。,2.I like the book,which/that was bought,yesterday,.,我喜欢昨天买那本书。,第19页,二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which代替why。,1.I had told them the reason,for which I,didnt attend the meeting,.,我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没 有去开会。,2.I had told them the reason,why I didnt,attend the meeting,.,我告诉了他们我不去开会理由。,(限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是,常见搭配。),第20页,三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，能够放主句前，也能够放主句后。,1.,As I expected,he didnt believe me.,正如我所预料，他不相信我。,2.She heard a terrible noise,which,brought her heart into her mouth,.,她听到一个可怕声音，这让她把心,都提到嗓子眼了。,第21页,四、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中关系代词不能用as。,1.He bought the car for more than$20,000,with which his father was angry,.,他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲,对此很生气。,2.I finished my work ahead of time,after,which I sat some time reading the,newspaper,.,我提前干完了我活，随即我坐着看,了会儿报纸。,第22页,第23页,1)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of,left their village homes for a better life in the city.(浙江),A.whom B.which,C.them D.those,高考链接,第24页,2)As a child,Jack studied in a village school,is named after his grandfather.(全国I),A.which B.where,C.what D.that,3)After graduating from college,I took some time off to go traveling,_,turned out to be a wise decision.(四川),A.that B.which,C.when D.where,第25页,4)The newly-built cafe,the walls of,_are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work.(江苏),that B.it,C.what D.which,第26页,5.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(辽宁）,A.which B.where C.who D.that,6.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator,_ it will keep for two or three weeks.（江西）,when B.which,C.where D.while,第27页,7.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,of course,made all the others upset.（四川）,who B.which,C.what D.that,第28页,8.She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction _had taken more than three years.（广东）,Afor which,Bwith which,Cof which,Dto which,第29页,Review,限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；,非限制性定语从句与先行词之间普通用逗号隔开。,第30页,Homework,Do the exercises on P70,第31页,Preview,Read the Camp Xtreme and try to write a borochure for your adventure camp.,第32页,THANKS,第33页,