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Unit 7,Unit 7,Unit7,1/194,Watch the video and answer the following questions.,1.What do you think of the boy that the teachers were talking about?What attitudes did the teachers have towards the boy?,2.Do you have any study problem?Whats your teachers attitude?,Pre-reading Activities-,Audiovisual supplement 1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,The boy had some study problems.Most of the teachers did not believe that the boy could make any progress,but the young lady thought that he could.,Open.,2/194,Pre-reading Activities-,Audiovisual supplement 2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,3/194,Teacher 1:,Teacher 2:,Teacher 3:,Teacher 1:,Teacher 3:,Teacher 4:,Teacher 2:,Teacher 4:,The big kids been here for,what,a month?Hes still not cutting it in my class.,Why does Admissions do this?I mean,its not fair to us or the boy.,Theyre just setting him up to fail.,I dont think he has any idea of what Im teaching.,And how would you know if he did?He wont even talk.,He writes.,His name.Barely.,He threw this in the trash can.“I look and I see white everywhere:white walls,white floors,and a lot of white people.The teachers do not know I,Video Script1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,4/194,Video Script2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,Teacher 1:,have no idea of anything they are talking about.I do not wanna listen to anyone,especially the teachers.They are giving homework and expecting me to do the problems on my own.I have never done homework in my life.I go to the bathroom,look in the mirror and say:This is not Michael Oher.”He entitled it“White Walls.”,Hows the spelling?,5/194,1.Quote,Histories make men wise;poems witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.,Francis Bacon,Cultural information,1,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,6/194,improvement),in percentages,or,as is common in some post-secondary institutions in some countries,as a Grade Point Average(GPA).The GPA can be used by potential employers or further post-secondary institutions to assess,Cultural information,2,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,2.Grades,Grades are standardized measurements of varying levels of comprehension within a subject area.Grades can be assigned in letters(for example,A,B,C,D,or F),as a range(for example 4.0 1.0),as descriptors (excellent,great,satisfactory,needs,7/194,Cultural information,7,Audiovisual supplement,Cultural information,and compare applicants.A Cumulative Grade Point Average is the mean GPA from all academic terms within a given academic year,whereas the GPA may only refer to one term.,8/194,Global Reading-,Text analysis,Structural analysis,Text analysis,1.What issues does the writer of the letter intend to deal with?,How should students regard grades,both good and bad?Are grades as important as they are assumed to be?Do good grades necessarily lead to achievements and bad grades result in failure in a students later life?,9/194,Structural analysis,Text analysis,2.Whats the theme of this piece of writing?,It is explicitly stated in the first sentence of the third paragraph:to put a B students disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what the grade B means and doesnt mean.,Global Reading-,Text analysis,10/194,Structural analysis 1,Paragraphs,M,ain idea,1,2-5,6-8,It introduces the topic of the letter.,Grades do not mean everything.,Getting a B in class does not mean one will always be a B performer in life.,1.Divide the text into parts by completing the table.,Text analysis,Structural analysis,11/194,Paragraphs,M,ain idea,9-10,In a complex society like ours,labels are necessary but they should be kept in perspective.,Structural analysis 2,Structural analysis,Text analysis,12/194,Structural analysis 3,2.Apart from the first paragraph,the rest of the text falls clearly into three parts,each of which is marked at the beginning by a key word or words.Try to find these key words.,Paragraphs 25:Disappointment,Paragraphs 6-8:The student as performer;the student as human being.,Paragraphs 9-10:Perspective,Main idea,Structural analysis,13/194,Your final grade for the course is B.A respectable grade.Far superior to the“Gentlemans C”that served as the,norm,a couple of generations ago.But in those days As were rare:only two out of twenty-five,as I recall.Whatever our norm is,it has,shifted,upward,with the result that you are probably disappointed at not doing better.,Im certain that nothing I can say will remove that feeling of disappointment,particularly in a climate where grades determine,eligibility,for graduate school and special programs.,Letter to a B Student,Detailed reading1,Detailed reading,Robert Oliphant,1,14/194,Disappointment.Its the stuff bad dreams are made of:dreams of failure,inadequacy,loss of position and good repute.,The,essence,of success is that theres never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game where one persons winning must be,offset,by anothers losing,one persons joy offset by anothers disappointment.,Youve grown up in a society where,winning is not the most important thing its the only thing.,To lose,to fail,to,go under,to,go broke,these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future.,In a different society,your disappointment might be something you could shrug away.But not in ours.,Detailed reading2,Detailed reading,2,15/194,Detailed reading3,My purpose in writing you is to put your disappointment in,perspective,by considering exactly what your grade means and doesnt mean.I do not propose to argue here that grades are unimportant.Rather,I hope to show you that your grade,taken at face value,is apt to,be dangerously misleading,both to you and to others.,Detailed reading,3,16/194,As a symbol on your college transcript,your grade simply means that you have successfully completed a specific course of study,doing so at a certain level of,proficiency,.The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather,conventional,tasks:taking tests,writing papers and reports,and so forth.Your performance is generally assumed to,correspond to,the knowledge you have acquired and will retain.But this,assumption,as we both know,is questionable;it may well be that youve actually gotten much more out of the course than your grade indicates or less.,Detailed reading4,Detailed reading,4,17/194,Detailed reading5,Lacking more precise measurement tools,we must interpret your B as a rather fuzzy symbol at best,representing a questionable judgment of your mastery of the subject.,Detailed reading,Your grade does not represent a judgment of your basic ability or of your character.Courage,kindness,wisdom,good humor these are the important characteristics of our species.Unfortunately they are not part of our curriculum.But they are important:crucially so,because they are always in short supply.,5,18/194,The student as performer;the student as human being.The distinction is one we should always keep in mind.I first learned it years ago,when I got out of the service,and went back to college.There were a lot of us then:older than the norm,in a hurry to get our degrees and move on,impatient with the tests and rituals of academic life.Not an easy group to handle.,Detailed reading6,If you value these characteristics in yourself,you will be valued and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper.Your B is a price tag on a garment that is quite separate from the living,breathing human being underneath.,Detailed reading,6,19/194,Detailed reading7,One instructor handled us very wisely,it seems to me.On Sunday evenings in particular,he would,make a point of,stopping in at a local bar frequented by many of the GI-Bill students.There he would sit and drink,joke,and swap stories with men in his class,men who had but recently put away their uniforms and identities:former platoon sergeants,bomber pilots,corporals,captains,lieutenants,commanders,majors even a lieutenant colonel,as I recall.They enjoyed his company greatly,as he theirs.The next morning he would walk into class and give these same men a test.A hard test.A test on which he usually,flunked,about half of them.,Detailed reading,7,20/194,Oddly enough,the men whom he flunked did not,resent,it.,Nor did they resent him for shifting suddenly from a friendly,gear,to a,coercive,one.,Rather,they loved him,worked harder and harder at his course as the semester moved along,and ended up with a good grasp of his subject economics.The technique is still rather difficult for me to explain;but I believe it can be described as one in which a clear distinction was made between the student as classroom performer and the student as human being.A good distinction to make.A distinction that should put your B in perspective and your disappointment.,Detailed reading8,Detailed reading,8,21/194,Detailed reading9,Perspective.It is important to recognize that human beings,despite differences in class and educational labeling,are fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of fear and joy,suffering and achievement.Warfare,sickness,disasters public and private these are the larger coordinates of life.,To recognize them is to recognize that social labels are basically irrelevant and misleading.,It is true that these labels are necessary in the functioning of a complex society as a way of letting us know who should be trusted to do what,with the result that we need to make distinctions on the basis of grades,degrees,ranks,and responsibility.,Detailed reading,9,22/194,Detailed reading10,But these distinctions should never be taken seriously in human terms,either in the way we look at others or in the way we look at ourselves.,Detailed reading,Even in achievement terms,your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person.Im well aware that B students tend to get Bs in the courses they take later on,just as A students tend to get As.But academic work is a narrow,neatly defined highway compared to the unmapped rolling country your will encounter after you leave school.,10,23/194,Detailed reading10,What you have learned may help you find your way about at first;later on you will have to shift to yourself,locating goals and opportunities in the same fog that hampers us all as we move toward the future.,Detailed reading,24/194,2.What,according to the author,has caused the feeling of disappointment?,It has to do with the general social climate where grades determine eligibility for graduate school and special programs.This is why the author says there is nothing he can do to remove the feeling of disappointment.,1.What change about grades has the author mentioned briefly?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,1.1,The author has mentioned briefly the change in the way grades are regarded,i.e.the norm has shifted upward.,Detailed reading,25/194,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,1.3,Detailed reading,3.Has the author stated his purpose of writing in this paragraph?If yes,what is it?If not,where is it stated in the text?,The purpose of writing the letter is not stated in this paragraph.It is not specifically mentioned until the third paragraph.,26/194,1.How does the author explain the notion of disappointment?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,2.1,Refer to Paragraph 2.Disappointment is a negative feeling.It is the stuff bad dreams are made of.What deserves our attention here is that the author explains disappointment in relation to success.,Detailed reading,27/194,There does not exist the situation in which all those who are involved will turn out successful and no one feels disappointed.Wherever there are winners,there are losers.When someone feels happy about his success,someone else may feel disappointed at his failure.In a highly competitive society where the importance of winning is emphasized so much,it is inevitable that those who fail in the competition will feel disappointed.,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,2.2,2.How do you interpret the second sentence in Paragraph 2“The essence of success is that”?,Detailed reading,28/194,What does the phrase“put sth.in perspective”mean?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,3,It means“judge the importance of sth.correctly.”So what the author wants to do is to show the students how they should regard/view their disappointment correctly.,Detailed reading,29/194,Try to find out what a grade means and what it does not mean.,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,5,It means the successful completion of a specific course at a certain level of proficiency.It is an indication of the students performance of some conventional tasks.However,it may not be a truthful indication of the students knowledge.It does not represent a judgment of the students basic ability or of his character.,Detailed reading,30/194,1.What is the authors view concerning social labels?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,9,Social labels are on the one hand irrelevant and misleading and on the other hand necessary in a complex society.,Detailed reading,31/194,2.How do you interpret the sentence“To recognize them is to recognize that social labels are basically irrelevant and misleading”?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,9,If we are aware that human beings,despite their apparent differences,are basically identical physically and emotionally,we would think definitely that the social labels used to distinguish them are irrelevant,i.e.meaningless,and misleading,i.e.distorting the fact.,Detailed reading,32/194,How does the author relate a students academic performance with his future life?,Detailed reading1-,Quesion,10,While a students performance at school may be quite consistent throughout his school years and what he has learned at school may help him after he leaves school,in the long run he will depend much more on himself,i.e.he will have to learn to find his way when traveling in his life path.A grade B student may turn out to be a grade A life achiever.,Detailed reading,33/194,norm,n.,1)an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with,Detailed reading1,norm,e.g.,You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in.,Derivation:,normal,a.,normally,ad.,normalize,v.,normalization,n.,Detailed reading,2)the norm=a situation or type of behavior that is expected and considered to be typical,e.g.,One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries.,34/194,shift,vt.&vi.,1)to(cause something or someone to)move or change from one position or direction to another,especially slightly,Detailed reading1,shift 1,e.g.,She shifted(her weight)uneasily from one foot to the other.,The wind is expected to shift(to the east)tomorrow.,Detailed reading,2)transfer sth.,e.g.,This simply shifts the cost of medical insurance from the employer to the employee.,35/194,Detailed reading1,shift 2,Detailed reading,Collocation:,shift sth.(from A to/onto B),转移或转换某事物,shift(your)ground,（,辩论中）改变立场或方法,e.g.,Hes annoying to argue with because he keeps shifting his gro
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