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第二部分,专题四语法填空,知识利用篇,有提醒词填空,第二讲非谓语动词,1/51,1,技能突破,3,随堂训练,2,走出误区,4,复习练案,2/51,技 能 突 破,3/51,技法1：知晓句法功效,高考语法填空对非谓语动词考查多为基本句法功效考查，所以掌握非谓语动词句法功效对解题非常主要。,4/51,(全国卷,)People probably cooked their food in large pots，_(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.,解题思绪,首先分析句子结构,句子缺乏非谓语,然后分析非谓语句法功效,非谓语作状语,最终判断主被动关系,people和use存在主动关系,尝试解答：_,using,5/51,技法解读,1.非谓语动词作定语,(1)非谓语动词作定语时，表示未来时要想到,用不定式。I have many letters,to write,tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午有许多信要写。,(2)非谓语动词作定语时，表正在进行或主动进行时,要想到,用现在分词。,The boy,playing,in the playground is my brother.正在操场上玩耍那个小男孩是我弟弟。,(3)非谓语动词作定语时，表示已经完成或被动完成时,要想到,用过去分词。,The trees,blown down,in the storm have been moved off the road.,在风暴中被刮倒树木已被移出道路。,6/51,2非谓语动词作状语,(1)非谓语动词作目标状语、出乎意料结果状语或一些形容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)表语后原因状语时，,要想到,用不定式。,Firemen had to break in,to,reach,the people trapped inside.,为了抢救困在屋里人，消防人员不得不破门而入。,(2)非谓语动词作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语或意料之中结果状语时，假如动词和逻辑主语存在主动关系，,要想到,用现在分词。,He comes home late every evening，,making,his wife very angry.,他天天回来得很晚，这使他妻子很生气。(表结果),7/51,(3)非谓语动词作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语时，假如动词和逻辑主语存在被动关系，,要想到,用过去分词。,Born,in a poor family，Nadia had only two years of schooling.,因为出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。(表原因),8/51,3非谓语动词作补语,(1)非谓语动词在使役动词have，let，make等后面时，要想到接不带to动词不定式作宾语补足语。,I like the film because it can make me,laugh,.,我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。,(2)非谓语动词在感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等后面时要想到接省去to不定式或动词-ing形式作其宾语补足语，动词不定式表示动作全过程，动词-ing形式表示动作正在进行。,I often see some boys,play,football at noon.,我经常看到一些男孩子中午踢足球。,9/51,(3)非谓语动词在have，keep，leave，find，catch，send等动词后且表示主动时，要想到用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。,She kept me,waiting,for over 20 minutes.,她让我等了二十多分钟。,(4)非谓语动词在want，like，wish，order，have，make，get，keep，leave，see，hear，find，feel，notice，observe，watch等动词后且表被动时，要想到用过去分词作宾语补足语。,I will have the machines,checked,before work.工作前我会把机器检验一下。,10/51,4非谓语动词作主语,(1)非谓语动词作主语表示抽象动作，,要想到,用动名词。,Smoking,is prohibited here.这里禁止抽烟。,(2)非谓语动词作主语表示详细动作，要想到用不定式。,To smoke,so much is not very good for your health.,你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。,(3)不定式作主语，普通用it当形式主语，把作主语不定式短语后置。,It,took me only five minutes,to finish the job,.,我只花了五分钟时间就完成了这项工作。,11/51,5非谓语动词作宾语,(1)非谓语动词作动词宾语时，要想到用动名词或不定式(此内容详细看法题技法4)。,(2)非谓语动词作介词宾语时，要想到用动名词。,One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about,being late,for school.,一天早上，我在公共汽车站等车，担心上学迟到了。,12/51,6非谓语动词作表语,(1)非谓语动词作表语表示详细动作，尤其是表示未来动作，,要想到,用动词不定式。,His wish is,to make,his dream come true in the near future，他愿望是在不远未来实现他梦想。,(2)非谓语动词作表语，表示抽象普通性行为，,要想到,用动名词。,Our work is,serving,the people.,我们工作是为人民服务。,(3)非谓语动词作表语，表示,“,令人,”,，,要想到,用现在分词；表示,“,主语感受,”,，,要想到,用过去分词。,The story sounds,interesting,and Im,interested,in it.,这个故事听起来很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。,13/51,(全国卷,)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(create)special designs.,(全国卷,)Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,(全国卷,)A study of travelers _(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.,to,create,living,conducted,14/51,(全国卷,)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air condition”a house without _(use)electric equipment.,Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car _(wash),using,washed,15/51,技法2：看清逻辑主语,逻辑主语对于处理非谓语动词题目非常关键，解题时需先找到逻辑主语，然后再判断非谓语动词形式。,16/51,(全国卷,)I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,解题思绪,分析句子结构,句子缺乏非谓语,找出逻辑主语,reporter,判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语关系,reporter和permit存在被动关系,尝试解答：_,permitted,17/51,技法解读,1若,非谓语动词作状语，则其逻辑主语是句子主语。,若,句子主语是分词动作发出者，即主动关系，则用现在分词形式；,若,句子主语是分词动作承受者，即被动关系，则用过去分词形式。,He lay on the grass，,enjoying,the warm sunshine and spring breeze.他躺在草地上，享受温暖阳光和春风。,Seen,from space，the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe.,从太空看，地球像一个巨大被水覆盖球体。,18/51,2,若,非谓语动词作宾语补足语，则其逻辑主语是句子宾语。,若,宾语是分词动作发出者，即主动关系，且强调进行，则用现在分词形式；,若,宾语是分词动作承受者，即被动关系，则用过去分词形式。,I saw him,climbing,the fence just now.,我刚才看见他在爬这个栅栏。,A villager saw the little girl,taken away,by a middle-aged lady.一位村民看见这个小女孩被一位中年妇女带走了。,19/51,(丰台一模)Whenever Im in trouble，I hear a voice _(ring)in my head，“You can do it.”,(重庆高考改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way _(use)the sun and the stars.,After I entered the room.I saw him _(lie)on the ground.,_(surround)by his students，the teacher went into the lab.,ringing,using,lying,Surrounded,20/51,技法3：勿忘时态和语态,非谓语动词即使在句中不作谓语，但它依然含有动词特征，既能够有自己主语(逻辑主语)，也能够有时态和语态改变。所以，在语法填空中不要忘了非谓语动词时态和语态。,21/51,(江苏高考)Many Chinese brands，_(develop)their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.,解题思绪,分析句子结构,句子已经有谓语动词,判断缺乏非谓语,判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语关系,develop和brands存在主动关系,判断非谓语动词时态,develop这个动作先于主句动作arefacing.,尝试解答：_,having,developed,22/51,技法解读,1非谓语动词时态,(1),若,非谓语动词表示动作是未来要发生，,要想到,用不定式普通式。,He told me,to clean,the blackboard.他告诉我擦黑板。,(2),若,与谓语动词表示动作同时进行，,要想到,用现在分词或不定式进行式。,He sat there，,playing,games.他坐在那里玩游戏。,23/51,(3),若,在谓语动词表示动作之前发生，,要想到,用现在分词、不定式或动名词完成式。,Having been,there many times，she knows the place quite well.因为已去过那里许屡次了，她非常熟悉那个地方。,Im sorry for,having kept,you waiting.,对不起让你久等了。,24/51,2非谓语动词语态,(1)不定式被动式由,“,to be过去分词,”,组成。不定式完成时被动语态由,“,to have been过去分词,”,组成。,He needs,to be taken,care of.他需要人照料。,(2)现在分词和动名词被动语态由,“,being过去分词,”,组成。,The building,being repaired,is our library.,正在维修那座楼是我们图书馆。,25/51,注意：,(1)动词need，require，want作,“,需要,”,讲时，其后要用动名词主动语态或不定式被动语态作宾语，有此相同使用方法动词还有deserve,“,值得,”,。,(2)形容词worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。,3不定式,to blame,，,to let,等作表语时，用主动表示被动,Nobody is to blame for it.,谁也不该埋怨。,26/51,(全国卷,)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)_(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.,_(expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.,As far as I am concerned，his suggestion is worth _(consider),Its a great honour _(invite)to Marys birthday party.,built,Being,exposed,considering,to,be,invited,27/51,技法4：切记固定结构,一些固定搭配很实用，解题时注意一些关键字眼，进而联想到相关结构。,28/51,(全国卷,)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely_(bring)your work home.,解题思绪,依据固定结构,be likely to do sth.可能做某事,尝试解答：_,to,bring,29/51,技法解读,1若,非谓语动词作以下动词或动词短语宾语，,则只能,用动名词：,喜欢考虑不可免(enjoy，consider，avoid),不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help，give up，risk),感激认可很值得(appreciate，admit，be worth),反对想象莫拖延(mind，imagine，delay，put off),允许完成是期待(allow，finish，look forward to),提议保持勤操演(suggest，keep，practice),致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to，excuse，insist on),继续成功不错过(keep on，succeed in，miss),30/51,2,若,非谓语动词作以下动词宾语，则只能用不定式：一准备(prepare)、二决定(decide，determine)、三要求(ask，demand，request)、四希望(desire，expect，hope，wish)；提供计划(offer，plan，intend)；设法学会(manage，learn)；未能选择(fail，choose)；只好乞求(beg)；拒绝答应(refuse，promise)；假装同意(pretend，agree)。,3,若,非谓语动词作以下动词或动词短语宾语补足语，,则只能,用不定式：,advise，allow，cause，beg，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，inform，order，persuade，permit，urge，want，warn，appeal to，depend on，wait for等。,31/51,32/51,5有些永远固定非谓语动词形式结构：considering that鉴于，考虑到；judging by,/from从来看；supposing/,providing,/provided/,assuming that.假定，假设；compared with/to与,相比等。,6,若,非谓语动词在以下结构中，,则只能,用不定式：so.as to.；such.as to.；enough to.；too.to.；the序数词,/next/,only/last名词to do.以及ittake时间to do sth.等结构。,33/51,(全国卷,)Still，the boy kept _(ride)He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.,(全国卷,)It took years of work _(reduce)industrial pollution and clean the water.,With so many children _(talk)loudly，I couldnt settle down to my work.,_(judge)from his worried look，he must have failed in the entrance exam.,riding,to,reduce,talking,Tudging,34/51,非谓语动词解题三字诀,“,一析，二找，三定,”,一析，分析句子结构：,若句中已经有谓语动词且该谓话动词没有经过并列连词与括号中动词并列，则应考虑填非谓语动词形式。,二找，找准所给词逻辑主语：,找准所给词逻辑主语，然后分析非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系：若是主动关系用现在分词形式，若是被动关系则用过去分词形式。,35/51,三定，确定非谓语动词时态：,依据非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作发生先后关系确定用普通或还是完成式。若非谓话动词表示动作与谓语动词表示动作同时发生，则用普通式；若非谓语动词动作发生在谓话动词之前，则用完成式。,提醒：注意不规则非谓语动词形式拼写，如双写不算不规则,die,dying,；,lie,lain,；,break,broken,等。,36/51,走 出 误 区,37/51,易错点1混同逻辑主语,(西城一模),_(see)from this point，the problem presents no easy solution.,(母题变式),_(see)from this point，we find no easy solution to the problem.,Seen,Seeing,38/51,点拨,在句,中，逻辑主语the problem是动作(see)承受者，表被动，所以用过去分词(Seen)。而在句,逻辑主语we是动作see发出者，表主动，所以用现在分词(Seeing)。位于句首注意大写。,39/51,易错点2混同谓语和非谓语,(惠州三模),At the end of，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，a total of 800 million of them _(be)employed.,(母题变式),At the end of，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，a total of 800 million of whom _(be)employed.,(母题变式),At the end of，China had a population of 1.37 billion people，and a total of 800 million of them _(be)employed.,being,were,were,40/51,点拨,句,因前后被逗号隔开，且无连词引导，所以可判定处于后面部分不是一个句子，应是句子一个成份，用独立主格作状语。因句,有连词whom，可知其引导是一个定语从句，由此可判断其后面也是个句子，故填谓语动词形式。句,因后面有连词and，可知其连接是两个并列分句，由此可判断其后面也是个句子，故填谓语形式。,41/51,易错点3混同非谓语动词时态,The building_(build)now will be a French-style restaurant.,(母题变式),The building_(build)next year will be a French-style restaurant.,(母题变式),The building_(build)last year is a French-style restaurant.,being,built,to,be,built,built,42/51,点拨,句,中now说明大楼正在被建，故用非谓语动词进行式。句,中next year说明大楼将在明年被建，故用表未来不定式。句,中last year说明大楼已被建，故用过去分词。,43/51,随 堂 训 练,44/51,.单句练习,(四川高考)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something_(eat)!,Five years later，Earhart became the first woman _(make)the flight.,(辽宁高考)Keep_(hold)your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.,OHenry was a pen name_(use)by an American writer of short stories.,There were many people_(wait)at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.,to,eat,to,make,holding,used,waiting,45/51,Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only_(find)it didnt fit.,_(devote)to the research，he spends little time getting together with his family.,(天津高考)I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _(catch),to,find,Devoted,to,catch,46/51,.语篇练习：用适当非谓语形式填空,Buying books on the Internet is a great way 1._(save)time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and,2._(use)books that can save you a lot of money.Whats more，they are far better 3._(compare)to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books.You can either click the kind of e-book online or type the book title and get it in seconds.Another advantage of 4._(shop)online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth 5._(buy)Online bookstores offer great discounts，which is a big attraction for book lovers.,to,save,used,compared,shopping,buying,47/51,For book lovers，it is most important 6._(get)books in time.Therefore，you need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able 7._(provide)fast deliveries.Here are some tips to use when 8._(select)an online bookstore.Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books;some are for non-fiction books or novels，etc.9._(understand)their specialization will help you get the right kinds of books in time.Check whether you will be buying the books from a third-party seller or directly from the websites.Never jump at stores that offer cheap prices，as books 10._(sell)at such low prices could be in very bad condition.,to,get,to,provide,selecting,Understanding,sold,48/51,解析：,动词不定式作后置定语，修饰a great way。,解析：,used books意为,“,二手书,”,。前面new也给予提醒。,解析：,compared to为固定短语，意为,“,与,相比,”,。,解析：,介词of后应该用动名词。,解析：,be worth doing sth.为固定表示，意为,“,某事值得做,”,。,解析：,不定式短语作真正主语，it作形式主语。,解析：,be able to do sth.能够做某事。,解析：,此处为状语从句when you are selecting an online bookstore省略。,解析：,分析句子结构可知，此处应为动名词短语作主语。,解析：,过去分词作后置定语，修饰books。,49/51,复 习 练 案,50/51,51/51,
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