高考英语复习单项填空专题七情态动词和虚拟语气.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题七情态动词和虚拟语气,1/46,-,2,-,考情概览,1,.,考查情态动词基本意义和使用方法,尤其是,can,may,must,need,shall,should,will,would,等。要求把握情态动词语法特征和语意特征,区分意义相近、使用方法类似情态动词。,2,.,考查情态动词表示推测、允诺、请求、判断使用方法,尤其是,can,could,may,might,must,表示推测使用方法。要求准确把握说话者语气,深刻体会说话者情感态度,结合情景做出合理选择。,3,.,考查,“,情态动词,+have,done”,结构使用方法。要求掌握该结构中不一样情态动词所表示特殊意义。,4,.,考查虚拟语气在条件句中使用方法。要求掌握与现在、过去、未来三个不一样时间事实相反虚拟语气,以及省略,if,虚拟倒装句。,2/46,-,3,-,5,.,考查虚拟语气在隐含虚拟条件和错综时间条件句中使用方法。要求识别由一些介词或连词提供虚拟条件,明确主句和条件状语从句谓语所发生不一样时间。,6,.,考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中使用方法,注意在这些固定句型中谓语所使用形式。,3/46,-,4,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点九,can/could,与,be,able,to,1,.can/could,用来表示“普通能力”;be able to有各种时态,且用来表示在特定条件下“详细能力”。如:,My grandma is over seventy,but she can still read without glasses.,He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.,2,.,表示允许可用can或could,与may/might意义靠近。could可用于普通现在时,只是语气愈加委婉、客气,回答时则普通要用can而不用could。,Could I have the television on?,Yes,you can./No,you can,t.,4/46,-,5,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】,(,北京卷,21)Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,easily reach the books on the top shelf.,A.mustB.should,C.canD.need,答案为,C,项。句意,:,塞缪尔是我们班最高男生,他很轻松就能够到书架顶层上书。表示能力,用,can“,能够,”,。,must“,必须,”;should“,应该,”;need“,必须,”,。,5/46,-,6,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点九,(,天津卷,5)It was really annoying;I,get access to the data bank you had recommended.,A.wouldn,tB.couldn,t,C.shouldn,tD.needn,t,答案为,B,项。句意,:,这真让人恼火。我不能进入你推荐资料库。,wouldn,t“,不愿意,”;couldn,t“,不能,”;shouldn,t“,不应该,”;needn,t“,没必要,”,。由第一句,“,这真让人恼火,”,可知,couldn,t,为最正确答案,即,“,我不能进入你推荐资料库,”,是,“,这真让人恼火,”,原因。,6/46,-,7,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,may,与,might,1,.,表示允许,意为“能够,许可”,使用方法基本上同can与could。如:,May I use your bicycle?,2,.,表示可能性,意为“可能,可能”。如:,According to the weather forecast,it may rain tomorrow.,7/46,-,8,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】,You,feel all the training a waste of time,but I,m a hundred percent sure later you,ll be grateful you did it.,A.shouldB.need,C.shallD.may,答案为,D,项。,should“,应该,”,表示责任、义务或按照事理常规做推断,还能够表示,“,万一,竟然,”;need“,需要,”;shall“,会,应该,”,表示允诺、命令、警告、决心以及法律规章要求,;may“,可能,可能,”,。从句子后半部分,“but,I,m,a,hundred,percent,sure,.”,能够看出,句子前半部分是说话人对,“you”,心理推测,存在不确定性,故用,may,所以,D,项正确。句意,:,你可能以为全部这些训练是在浪费时间,但我百分之百地确信,你以后会庆幸你做了,(,这些训练,),。,8/46,-,9,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,must,与,have,to,1,.must,用来表示说话人主观看法;have to表示客观需要,强调外界压力,不得已而为之。如:,He said that they must work hard.(,主观上要做这件事),My brother was ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.(,客观上需要做这件事),2,.,表示“无须”,须用don,t have to,或needn,t,。mustn,t,表示“禁止,绝对不可”。如:,You don,t have to tell him about it.,You mustn,t tell him about it.,Must we do it now?,No,you needn,t.,9/46,-,10,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】,(,天津卷,2)My room is a mess,but I _ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.,A.daren,tB.shouldn,t,C.needn,tD.mustn,t,答案为,C,项。句意,:,我房间乱得一团糟,不过今晚出门前我无须清扫。我能够早上清扫。依据后一句,“,我能够早上清扫,”,可知,此处应用,needn,t,表示,“,无须做某事,”,。故选,C,项。,(,北京卷,31)I love the weekend,because I,get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.,A.needn,tB.mustn,t,C.wouldn,tD.shouldn,t,答案为,A,项。句意,:,我之所以喜欢周末是因为我在周六、周日无须早起。,needn,t,“,无须,”;mustn,t,“,禁止,”;wouldn,t,“,不会,”;shouldn,t,“,不应该,”,。由句意可知,A,项正确。,10/46,-,11,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,shall,should,与,ought,to,1,.shall,惯用以表示下面三个方面意思:,(1),用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,用来征求对方意见或请求指示。如:,What shall he do next?,(2),用于第二、第三人称陈说句中,表示说话人意愿,有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如:,He shall stay in bed.,You shall have it back next week.,He says he won,t go,but I say he shall.,(3),用于表示法律法规及规章制度所做出要求。如:,In our mall all payments shall be made in cash.,11/46,-,12,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,2,.should,表示“提议”或“劝说”,有“应该”之意。如:,You should learn from each other.,3,.ought to,表示依据某种义务或必要“应该”做某事。如:,Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.,4,.should,和ought to也可用来表示推测,意为“想必会”。如:,When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.,They should be ready by 12:00.,12/46,-,13,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】,One of our rules is that every student,wear school uniform while at school.,A.mightB.could,C.shallD.will,答案为,C,项。考查情态动词。句意,:,我们有一项要求,每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处,shall,表示按照法律、条文、要求必须要做事情。其它选择项均无此使用方法。,13/46,-,14,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,will,与,would,1,.will,用于各种人称,表示意志、意愿或决心等。如:,If you will keep your watch half an hour slow,it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.,2,.will,表示习惯性动作,意为“总是,惯于”。如:,An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.,3,.would,可表示过去重复发生动作。如:,On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.,14/46,-,15,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】,I still remember my happy childhood when my mother,take me to Disneyland at weekends.,A.mightB.must,C.wouldD.should,答案为,C,项。考查情态动词。句意,:,我依然记得我高兴童年,那时妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。,might“,可能,可能,”;must“,必须,”;would“,过去经常,”;should“,应该,”,。,The door,open,no matter how hard she pushed.,A.shouldn,tB.couldn,t,C.wouldn,tD.mightn,t,答案为,C,项。考查情态动词。句意,:,不论她怎么用力推,这扇门就是打不开。表示特定情况下事物倾向性用,will/would,。,wouldn,t,open,“,打不开,”,。,shouldn,t,“,不应该,”;couldn,t,“,不能够,”;mightn,t,“,可能不,或许不,”,。,15/46,-,16,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,情态动词表示推测,1,.,必定句中用must(一定,很可能),may(可能),might/could(可能,或许)表示推测。表示对当前行为、情况或状态推测,用must/may/might/could+do/be句型;表示对此时此刻正在进行动作推测,用must/may/might/could+be doing句型;表示对过去发生事情推测,用must/may/might/could+have done/been句型。如:,I always meet him in the street.He must/may/might/could live quite near here.,There is still light in his room.He must/may/might/could be studying at this time.,I didn,t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.,16/46,-,17,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,2,.,否定句中用can/could或may/might表示推测。如:,Though he is busy,he can,t/may not refuse your invitation because you are good friends.,The room can,t have been cleaned by Li Ping,because she left here half a year ago.,3,.,疑问句中惯用can/could表示推测。如:,Can he be English?,No.He can,t be English.He must be American.,The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?,17/46,-,18,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】,You,be Carol.You haven,t changed a bit after all these years.,A.mustB.can,C.willD.shall,答案为,A,项。句意,:,你一定是卡罗尔。这些年你一点儿没变。,must,表示必定推测,;can,表示推测时,惯用于普通疑问句和否定句中,;will,表示意愿或倾向性,;shall,与第二、三人称连用,表示,“,允诺、警告、命令、威胁,”,。,18/46,-,19,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,“,情态动词,+have,done,”,结构,1,.must have done sth.,用来表示对过去事情必定推测。如:,Since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.,2,.should/ought to have done sth.,表示“(过去)本应该做某事(而实际上未做)”,普通含有责备意味。如:,You should have come here a little earlier.,3,.could have done sth.,表示“(过去)本能够、本能够做某事(而实际上未做)”,有时也含有责备意味。如:,Given more time,he could have done it better.,4,.need not have done sth.,表示“(过去)本无须、无须做某事(而实际上已做)”。如:,You needn,t have come last night.,19/46,-,20,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】,(,天津卷,15)Do you have Betty,s phone number?,Yes.Otherwise,I,able to reach her yesterday.,A.hadn,t beenB.wouldn,t have been,C.weren,tD.wouldn,t be,答案为,B,项。句意,:,你有贝蒂电话号码吗,?,是。假如没有话,昨天我就找不到她了。这是与过去事实相反虚拟语气形式,otherwise,相当于一个条件状语从句,空格所在句子相当于主句,故用,“,情态动词,+have,done”,形式,选,B,项。,20/46,-,21,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(,天津卷,7)I,have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.,A.mightn,tB.mustn,t,C.needn,tD.couldn,t,答案为,C,项。句意,:,来这所新学校之前我原本无须担忧,因为这里同学们对我都非常友好。,needn,t,have,done,表示过去原本无须要做某事不过已经做了,;mightn,t,have,done,表示过去可能没有做某事,;,没有,mustn,t,have,done,这种使用方法,;couldn,t,have,done,表示过去不可能做某事。,21/46,-,22,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中使用方法,22/46,-,23,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,1,.,在详细利用中,条件从句中有时可省略if而采取倒装结构。如:,Had it not been for your help,we wouldn,t have achieved so much.,2,.,介词(短语)without/but for,连词but,副词otherwise惯用来表示某种假设条件。如:,I wouldn,t have made such rapid progress without your help.,3,.,有时候从句动作和主句动作发生时间不一致,这时谓语动词形式要依据各自时间来调整。如:,If the weather had been more favourable,the crops would be growing still better.,23/46,-,24,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,【典例分析】,(,江苏卷,22),not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.,A.It wereB.Were it,C.It wasD.Was it,答案为,B,项。句意,:,要是没有老师们支持,这名学生是不可能克服困难。在,if,引导虚拟条件状语从句中,若谓语动词含有,were,能够省略,if,将条件从句主语置于,were,之后,组成倒装句。故选,B,项。,24/46,-,25,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,(,天津卷,15)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn,t been wearing one,I,.,A.were injured,B.would be injured,C.had been injured,D.would have been injured,答案为,D,项。句意,:,我系着安全带。假如我没系着安全带,我可能就受伤了。由第一句可知本题是谈论过去事情。对过去事情进行虚拟时,if,条件句用过去完成时,(had+,过去分词,),主句用,“would,have,+,过去分词,”,。故选,D,项。,25/46,-,26,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点八,考点四,考点九,Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway,his famous novel,A,Farewell,to,Arms.,A.didn,t write,B.hadn,t written,C.wouldn,t write,D.wouldn,t have written,答案为,D,项。句意,:,假如没有战时经历,海明威就不会写出他著名小说永别了,武器。,without,but,for,为含蓄虚拟语气提醒词。由句意可知,海明威写小说发生在过去,此处表示与过去事实相反假设,故谓语动词用,would,have,done,形式。,26/46,-,27,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,虚拟语气其它使用方法,1,.,在wish后面宾语从句中以及would rather和if only后面句子中用虚拟语气。如:,I failed in the exam.I really wish I had known the answers.,I would rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning.,If only I had not come here alone.,在It is wished that引导主语从句以及名词wish后面表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,从句谓语形式同wish后面宾语从句形式。如:,It is wished that man could fly freely in the sky.,注意,:wish,时态和后面从句时态无关。,27/46,-,28,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,2,.,在insist(果断要求)/suggest(提议)/recommend/propose/order/demand/require/request等后宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,从句谓语用(should)do形式。如:,He suggested that we(should)start at once.,在It is suggested/proposed that引导主语从句以及名词insistence/suggestion/proposal/order/demand等后面表语从句、同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气,谓语形式同这些名词对应动词后面宾语从句形式一致。如:,Their proposal is that their output(should)be increased by 20%.,3,.,在It is necessary/important/possible/strange/no wonder/a pity/a shame等后面主语从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用(should)do 形式。如:,It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.,28/46,-,29,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,4,.,在It is(high)time that后面从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语用过去式或should do形式,should不可省略。如:,It is time that we went/should go to bed.,5,.,在as if/as though后面从句中也惯用虚拟语气。如:,She always talks to me as if she were my sister.,29/46,-,30,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,【典例分析】,(,天津卷,13)I wish I,at my sister,s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.,A.will beB.would be,C.have beenD.had been,答案为,D,项。句意,:,我多么希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐婚礼呀,可是我当初正在纽约出差。,wish,后面接宾语从句时,宾语从句谓语动词使用虚拟语气,依据,last,Tuesday,可知,此处表示对过去情况虚拟,所以用过去完成时。,30/46,-,31,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I,it?,A.had doneB.have done,C.didD.am doing,答案为,A,项。考查虚拟语气。句意,:,打破窗户是约翰,为何你跟我说话样子就好像是我做了这件事,?as,if,后面从句通惯用虚拟语气,从句表示对过去虚拟,所以用过去完成时。,31/46,-,32,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点五,考点六,考点七,考点四,考点八,考点九,6,.,虚拟语气题目有时并不出现if条件句,而是经过without/but for/or/otherwise等暗示虚拟条件语境。,【典例分析】,It is lucky we booked a room,or we,nowhere to stay now.,A.had,B.had had,C.would have,D.would have had,答案为,C,项。句意,:,幸亏我们订了房间,不然现在将没有地方住。分析语境以及时间状语,now,可知,此处表示与现在事实相反假设。所以主句谓语动词用,“would+do”,形式,故选,C,项。,32/46,-,33,-,1,.(,北京卷,34)If the new safety system,to use,the accident would never have happened.,A.had been putB.were put,C.should be putD.would be put,解析,句意,:,假如新安全系统被投入使用,那么这个事故就不会发生了。依据句意可知,此处表示对过去事情进行假设,所以条件句应使用过去完成时态。,A,33/46,-,34,-,2,.(,天津高考压轴卷,23)Lisa,what do you think of the job of being a nurse?,In my opinion,it,be difficult sometimes though it seems easy.,A.shouldB.can,C.mustD.need,解析,句意,:,丽莎,你认为当一名护士这个工作怎么样,?,在我看来,这个工作尽管看似轻易,但有时可能是极难。此处考查情态动词,应选,B,项,can“,可能,”,表示推测。,B,34/46,-,35,-,3,.(,天津高考压轴卷,30)We would rather our daughter,at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.,A.would stayB.has stayed,C.stayedD.stay,解析,句意,:,我们宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但这是她选择,她已不再是孩子了。此处考查虚拟语气,指女儿没像我们希望那样待在家里,与现在事实相反,故选,C,项。,C,35/46,-,36,-,4,.(,北京卷,34)Why didn,t you tell me about your trouble last week?If you,me,I could have helped.,A.toldB.had told,C.were to tellD.would tell,5,.(,江苏卷,27)If it,for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.,A.had not beenB.should not be,C.were not to beD.should not have been,B,解析,句意:为何上星期你不把你困难告诉我呢,?,假如你告诉我,说不定我会帮得上你呢。由问句中,last,week,及,could,have,helped,推知,从句是对过去事实虚拟,故用过去完成时。,A,解析,从句是与过去事实相反虚拟语气,所以选,had+,过去分词。句意,:,假如没有他那天邀请,我现在不会在这里。,36/46,-,37,-,6,.(,浙江卷,15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths,since their highest in.,A.had not fallenB.would not fall,C.did not fallD.would not have fallen,7,.I,m sorry I,m busy now.If I,time,I would certainly go to the movies with you.,A.haveB.had,C.have hadD.had had,D,解析,逗号前内容是,If,条件句倒装形式,其正常形式为,:If,the,governments,and,scientists,hadn,t,worked,together,。能够看出这是与过去事实相反虚拟,故主句应该用,would(not)have,done,形式。故选,D,项。,D,解析,句意,:,不好意思,我现在很忙,假如我有时间话,我一定会与你一起去看电影。主句谓语是,would,go,表示与现在事实相反虚拟语气。非真实条件句用普通过去时,had,表示与现在事实相反主观假设。,37/46,-,38,-,8,.I am sure I saw Brian in the park this morning.,You,be imagining things.He left for America last night.,A.needB.can,C.mustD.shall,C,解析,句意,:,我确信今天早晨在公园里看到布莱恩了。,你一定是在想象吧。他昨天晚上去美国了。此处是对现在情景推断,故用,must,表示,“,一定,”,。,can,表示推测时,用于疑问句和否定句中。,9,.He,but he chose to stay and fight.,A.escapedB.did escape,C.might escapeD.could have escaped,D,解析,句意,:,他本能够逃跑不过他选择留下来战斗。,could,have,done,“,原来能够做某事实际没做,”,。表示与过去事实相反虚拟语气。,38/46,-,39,-,10,.There will be a new film tonight.,Yes.But for tomorrow,s test,I,to see it with you.,A.will goB.will have gone,C.would goD.would have gone,11,.Will you read me a story,Mummy?,OK.You,have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.,A.shallB.must,C.couldD.might,C,解析,第二句话意思是,“,要不是明天考试话,我就会跟你一起去了,”,。主句表示未来不可能实现主观愿望,故用,would+,动词原形。,A,解析,句意,:,妈妈,你给我读一个故事,好吗,?,好吧。假如你尽快上床睡觉话,你会有故事听。在必定句中,第二人称后面跟,shall,可表示,“,许诺,”,。,39/46,-,40,-,12,.I told your friend how to get to the hotel,but perhaps I,have driven her there.,A.couldB.must,C.mightD.should,13,.I don,t agree with Mr.Johnson,s views about social welfare.,He,some better words to express his ideas,but I think what he said makes a lot of sense.,A.might use B.should have used,C.could useD.would have used,D,解析,句意,:,我告诉过你朋友怎么到旅馆,不过可能我应该开车把她送到那儿去。此处表示过去,“,应该做某事而实际上没有做,”,故用,should,have,done,形式,故选,D,项。,B,解析,句意,:,我不一样意约翰逊先生关于社会福利那些观点。,他本应该用一些更加好词来表示他想法,但我认为他说得很有意义。,should,have,done“,本应该做而没有做,”,是对过去发生情况虚拟表示。,40/46,-,41,-,14,.To our surprise,he strongly demanded that she,immediately for what she just said at the meeting.,A.apologizeB.would apologize,C.apologizedD.had apologized,15,.My deskmate is no doubt the brightest student in our class and,always work out those difficult maths problems.,A.canB.might,C.mustD.should,A,解析,句意,:,让我们吃惊是,他强烈地要求她立刻为她刚才在会议上说话道歉。,demand“,强烈要求,”,后接宾语从句时,从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语形式是,“should+,动词原形,”,should,能够省略。,A,解析,句意,:,我同桌无疑是我们班上最聪明学生,他总是能够解答出那些数学难题。依据,and,前分句可知,这里用情态动词,can,表示能力,意为,“,能,会,”,。,41/46,-,42,-,16,.One visitor suggested that the museum,set up a model train area to attract more children.,A.should,B.couldC.might D.would,17,.My friend stares at me as though I,a complete stranger.,A.amB.were,C.would beD.have been,A,解析,句意,:,一个游客提议博物馆应该设置一个模型火车区域来吸引更多孩子。在,suggest,意为,“,提议,”,后宾语从句中应用虚拟语气,从句谓语用,“should+,动词原形,”,should,能够省略。故选,A,项。,B,解析,句意,:,我朋友盯着我看,好像我完全是个陌生人。,as,though,表示,“,好像,”,在此引导状语从句要用虚拟语气,依据主句时态可知这里是对现在情况虚拟,应用普通过去时,(be,动词用,were),。故选,B,项。,42/46,-,43,-,18,.,you come across Tom,tell him I could visit him recently.,A.ShouldB.Would,C.CouldD.Might,19,.But for your error,it,easier for you