资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题十特殊句式和交际用语,1/64,-,2,-,考情概览,从近五年高考试题来看,特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句使用方法,交际用语主要考查语境和英语思维习惯。命题着重点在以下几个方面,:,1,.,考查倒装句式,尤其注意以下几个情况,:,(1),考查全部倒装结构。,(2)only,位于句首修饰状语等时,要用部分倒装。,(3),虚拟条件句省去,if,将,had,were,should,等移至句首倒装。,(4),含有否定意义词置于句首时,要用部分倒装。,2/64,-,3,-,2,.,考查省略句组成,尤其是以下几个情况:,(1),省略主语、主语和谓语或主语和谓语一部分。,(2),状语从句省略为,“,连词,+,非谓语动词,”,形式,务必要明确句子主语与非谓语动词逻辑关系以及非谓语动词与谓语时间关系。,(3),不定式省略。,(4)if,so,if,ever,if,not,if,possible,等省略结构。,3,.,考查强调句型组成。近几年高考愈加重视考查知识之间交叉现象,加大了综合考查语法知识力度,以下几个方面要引发高度重视,:,(1),强调状语从句及,not.until.,句型特殊组成方式。,(2),把强调句型与定语从句、省略句以及强调句型与时间状语从句、地点状语从句考查等融合到一起考查学生综合把握语法知识能力。,3/64,-,4,-,4,.,考查社会交往类交际用语。考查方式以应答为主、提问为辅,侧重考查上下句在语气上友好一致以及考生英语思维意识。要求考生掌握一些常见诸如表示感激、道歉、请求等应答用语。,4/64,-,5,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,倒装句,1,.,全部倒装常见情况:,(1)here/there/out/in/up/down/away,等副词置于句首,句子主语又是名词时,须用全部倒装语序。如:,Here is a letter for you.,Out rushed the children.,Away went the boy.,句子主语是代词时,不用倒装语序。如:,Here she comes.,Out they rushed.,(2),有句子为了保持前后平衡、使上下文紧密衔接,或为了表示生动,或为了强调表语或状语,常采取全部倒装语序。,5/64,-,6,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(3),表示地点介词短语位于句首时,须用全部倒装语序。如:,In front of his house sat a small boy.,(4)so/neither/nor,置于句首,表示前面情况也适合用于另一者时,须用全部倒装语序。但当so位于句首,表示对前面所说情况认同和强调、前后主语一致时,不用倒装,这时so意为“确实,确实,真”。如:,He is a doctor.So is his wife.,I have never been there;neither has he.,He can speak English.,So he can.,6/64,-,7,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】,This is not my story,nor,the whole story.My story plays out differently.,A.is thereB.there is,C.is itD.it is,答案为,C,项。句意,:,这不是我故事,也不是整个故事。我故事结局是不一样。,nor,位于句首时,应用倒装结构。该句主语应该是,it,而不是,there,be,句型,故选,C,项。,7/64,-,8,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2,.,部分倒装常见情况:,(1),含有否定意义副词或连词never/not/little/seldom/hardly/not only/no sooner等置于句首时,须用部分倒装语序。如:,Never shall I forget it.,Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.,(2)only,置于句首,修饰状语时,须用部分倒装语序。如:,Only in this way can you learn English well.,(3)as,意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时,须用部分倒装语序,把表语、状语或动词原形提前,而且做表语名词提前时,不能带有冠词。如:,Pretty as she is,she is not clever.,Try as he would,he might fail again.,Child as he is,he can speak two foreign languages.,8/64,-,9,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(4),表示“如此以至于”so/such.that.句型,为强调而把so/such.置于句首时,须用部分倒装语序。如:,So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.,Such a nice man does he seem that we all believe him.,9/64,-,10,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】,(,江苏卷,34)Not until,recently,the,development,of,tourist-related,activities,in,the,rural,areas.,A.they,had,encouraged,B.had,they,encouraged,C.did,they,encourage,D.they,encouraged,答案为,C,项。,not,until,引导时间状语从句并位于句首,主句要用部分倒装。句意,:,直到最近,他们才勉励在农村地域发展与旅游相关活动。,10/64,-,11,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(,天津卷,3)Only when Lily walked into the office,that she had left the contract at home.,A.she realizedB.has she realized,C.she has realizedD.did she realize,答案为,D,项。句意,:,直到莉莉走进办公室,她才意识到自己把协议落在家里了。,“only+,状语从句,”,位于句首时,主句采取部分倒装语序,;,依据前面,walked,一词可知,此处用普通过去时。,11/64,-,12,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,省略句,1,.,不定式省略。一些动词后面可省略做宾语不定式而只保留to。但to后有系动词be或助动词have时,be和have也应保留。如:,Are you an engineer?,No,but I want to be(an engineer).,He did not give me the chance,though he had promised to(give me the chance).,He hasn,t finished the task yet.,Well,he ought to have(finished the task).,12/64,-,13,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2,.,在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致时,从句主语能够省略,同时将从句谓语动词变为分词形式。假如主语与从句谓语是主动关系,用动词-ing形式;假如是被动关系,用过去分词。如:,While waiting/he was waiting there,he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.,If not/he is not invited,he won,t go to your birthday party.,3,.,在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,其后动词是be时,可省去“主语+be”部分。如:,When(he was)still a boy of ten,he had to work day and night.,If(it is)necessary,I,ll explain it to you again.,13/64,-,14,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,4,.,表示“除了”介词but前若有实义动词do/does/did/done,后面动词不定式不带to。介词but前若没有动词do及其改变形式,后面不定式带to。如:,I could do nothing but wait there.,We had no choice but to obey the rules.,14/64,-,15,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,尤其提醒,碰到省略句题目,应从以下几个方面考虑:,(1),依据省略条件判断哪些成份能够省略。比如不定式to后have/be是否能够省略。,(2),依据省略条件判断省略了哪些成份,能够试着补出省略成份,以到达了解句意目标。,(3)“,连词+非谓语动词”是状语从句省略,非谓语动词逻辑主语也就是全句主语,要经过逻辑关系和时间关系判断该用哪一个非谓语形式。,15/64,-,16,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】,Children,when,by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium.,A.to be accompanied,B.to at accompany,C.accompanying,D.accompanied,答案为,D,项。考查非谓语动词。句意,:,孩子们有父母陪同时才被允许进入这个体育场。,children,与,accompany,存在被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。,16/64,-,17,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,强调句型,1,.,组成形式:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom.,2,.,强调句型惯用来强调句子主语、宾语或状语。该句型主语普通是it,不可换用this或that。不论强调什么,引导词都可用that;强调人时,引导词可用who/whom,不可使用其它引导词。如:,It was Li Ping that/whom I met in the park yesterday.,Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?,When and where was it that you were born?,3,.not until,置于句首时须用倒装语序。强调not.until.句型时间状语时,要把not与until连在一起。如:,It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.,17/64,-,18,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,4,.,在强调句型中,当强调主语时,其后谓语动词应同被强调成份人称和数保持一致。如:,It is I who am responsible for the accident.,5,.,强调句型不能用来强调句子谓语。需要强调谓语动词时,要借助于助动词do/does/did,表示“确实,真,务必”。如:,Do sit down.,I did attend the meeting yesterday.,18/64,-,19,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,尤其提醒,因为强调句型是一个单一、固定句式,所以考查强调句型时,往往经过复杂题干来增加题目标难度。做题时应注意:,(1),区分强调句型和定语从句。试着把it is/was.that/who/whom.去掉,假如剩下成份依然能组成一个完整句子,就是强调句型,不然就是定语从句。,(2),对话中常承接上文将强调句部分内容省略,从而给考生造成错觉,这时要依据上下文语境做出判断,看是不是不合语境、不合句意或答非所问。,(3),碰到以特殊疑问句形式考查强调句型时,能够经过试着做出回答来判断答案。,(4),还应该注意强调谓语动词句式,要依据句式和句意选择do,does或did。,19/64,-,20,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】,(,天津卷,11)It was when I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new neighbors.,A.who,B.whereC.which D.that,答案为,D,项。句意,:,就在我回到公寓时候,我第一次遇见了我新邻居。强调句型组成为,:It,is/was+,被强调部分,+that/who+,句子其它部分。本句中被强调部分是时间状语从句,when,I,got,back,to,my,apartment,故用引导词,that,。选,D,项。,20/64,-,21,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(,天津卷,13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel,the coach picks up tourists.,A.whoB.which,C.whereD.that,答案为,D,项。句意,:,你等错地方了。长途汽车到宾馆接游客。强调句型组成为,:It,is/was+,被强调部分,+that/who/whom+,句子其它部分。本句中,at,the,hotel,是被强调部分,故用引导词,that,。故选,D,项。,21/64,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,反意疑问句,组成形式:“必定句+否定疑问部分”或“否定句+必定疑问部分”。,1,.,前面若有多个句子并列,反意疑问部分则以最终一个句子为准;若前面部分为主从复合句,普通来说,以主句为准;但若主从复合句主句谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等,主语又是第一人称且为普通现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时,反意疑问部分动词、时态、人称则以从句为准,而肯、否定形式依主句而定。如:,He said he wanted to visit Japan,didn,t he?,I don,t think he is bright,is he?,22/64,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2,.,前面句子含有must/can,t/may,等表示推测词时,疑问部分则依据句子实际时态及时间状语而定。如:,He must be a doctor,isn,t he?,He must have finished it yesterday,didn,t he?,3,.,前面部分有表示否定意义no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等词时,后面疑问部分用必定形式;但若前面部分含有由否定词缀组成否定词时,后面部分还是用否定形式。如:,Some plants never blossom,do they?,It is impossible,isn,t it?,23/64,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】,It doesn,t matter if they want to come to your party,?,A.doesn,t itB.does it,C.don,t theyD.do they,答案为,B,项。复合句反意疑问句组成标准就是与主句保持一致,该题主句部分为否定,所以答案为,B,项。句意,:,他们是否愿意来参加你聚会没相关系,是吗,?,There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,?,A.is thereB.isn,t there,C.is heD.isn,t he,答案为,A,项。普通来说,复合句后面反意疑问句应依据主句组成,可排除,C,、,D,两项,;,该题主句中有否定意义,little,所以反问时用必定形式,答案为,A,项。,24/64,-,25,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,社会交往类交际用语,1,.,感激和应答:,Thank you very much./Thanks a lot./Many thanks.,/Thanks for helping me.,Not at all./That,s OK./That,s all right./You,re welcome.,/Don,t mention it./My pleasure./It,s nothing.,/I,m very glad you enjoyed it./It,s my pleasure./No problem.,2,.,道歉、遗憾和应答:,I,m sorry./I,m sorry to trouble you./Forgive me(for.).,/What a pity!/It,s a pity that./I,m sorry to hear that.,It doesn,t matter./It,s not important./That,s nothing.,/Forget it./That,s all right./Never mind.,25/64,-,26,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,3,.,祝福、祝贺和应答:,(1)Good luck!/Best wishes to you./Have a good time.,/Congratulations!,Thank you.,(2)Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!,The same to you.,(3)Happy birthday to you.,Thank you.,4,.,邀请和应答:,Would you like to.?,Yes,I,d love to./That would be fine./That,s very kind of you.,/All right./Yes,I will./I would love to,but./I am afraid I can,t.,/Sorry,I can,t.,26/64,-,27,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,5,.,提供帮助和应答:,Can I help you?/What can I do for you?/Here,take this./Let me do it for you.,Thanks for your help./Yes,please./No,thanks./That,s very kind of you.,6,.,请求允许和应答:,(1)May I.?/I wonder if I could./May I ask a favor of you?,Yes./Certainly./Of course./OK./All right.,(2)Do/Would you mind if I.?,No,not at all./Never mind./You,d better not.,27/64,-,28,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,7,.,请求和应答:,Could you.for me?/Would you please.?/May I have.?,/Please pass me.,With pleasure./Certainly./Sure,go ahead./Yes,help yourself.,I,m afraid not./Better not./I would rather you didn,t.,/No,thank you.,28/64,-,29,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,8,.,劝说、提议和应答:,(1)If I were you,I,d./It might be a good idea if you.,/Have you ever thought of.?/I strongly advise you to.,/Personally,I think you,d better./You need(to).,(2)Why not do.?/Why don,t you do.?/What about.?,/How about doing.?/Shall we.?/Let,s.,shall we?,必定应答:Good idea./That,s great./Sounds great.,/It sounds good./That,s fine./Why not?,否定应答:I would love to,but./I am afraid.,29/64,-,30,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,9,.,打电话:,(1)This is.(speaking)./It is.here.,(2)Who,s that(speaking/calling)?/Is that.(speaking)?,(3)Hold on,please./Hold the line,please.,(4)Can I take a message?,(5)Can you give/leave a message?,(6)Can/Could I ask who is calling?,30/64,-,31,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,10,.,购物:,(1)What can I do for you?,(2)It,s well worth the money.,(3)Have you got anything a little cheaper?,(4)It,s a bit too large(small,plain,etc.)for me.,(5)That,s fine.I,ll take it.,(6)What,s the price of.?,11,.,问路和应答:,Excuse me.Can you tell me the way to.?/How can I get to.?,Go down this street./Turn right at the first crossing.,/It,s only a ten-minute walk from here.,/Go straight ahead till you see.,31/64,-,32,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,12,.,就餐:,(1)What would you like(to have)?,/Would you like something to drink?,I,d like.,(2)Would you like some more.?,Just a little,please./I,m full,thank you.,/No,I enjoyed it very much,but I won,t have any more.,(3)Make yourself at home./Help yourself to.,32/64,-,33,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,13,.,看病:,医生用语:,(1)What,s wrong with you?/What,s the matter with you?,/What,s your trouble?/Is there anything wrong with you?,(2)Take this medicine three times a day.,(3)You,ll have to have an examination./You,ll have to have a chemical examination./You need an injection.,(4)Take it easy./It,s nothing serious./You,ll be well./,You,ll be all right soon.,病人用语:,I have got a pain here./There is something wrong with my back/leg,/arm./I,ve got a cough/headache/toothache/stomachache/fever./I feel bad/terrible/sick today./I don,t feel well/all right today.,33/64,-,34,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,14,.,谈论天气:,What,s the weather like today?/How is the weather in.?,/What,s the weather going to be like at the weekend?,15,.,祝酒用语:,(1)Let,s drink to./Drink a toast to./Cheers!,(2)I now propose a toast to./I,d like to propose a toast to.,16,.,语言困难:,Pardon?/Would you please say that again?,/Would you please say that more slowly?/What do you mean by.?,/I,m sorry I can,t follow you.,34/64,-,35,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】,(,天津卷,1)Sorry,Liz.I think I was a bit rude to you.,but don,t do that again!,A.Go aheadB.Forget it,C.It dependsD.With pleasure,答案为,B,项。句意,:,对不起,莉兹。我想我对你态度有点儿粗鲁。,没关系,不过以后不要再那样做了。依据后面,“but,don,t,do,that,again”,可知,答话人这次原谅了对方,不过提议他以后不要那么做了,故选择,B,项,“,没关系,;,算了吧,”,。,A,项意为,“,说吧,做吧,用吧,”;C,项意为,“,视情况而定,”;D,项意为,“,非常愿意,;,没问题,”,。,35/64,-,36,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,Hello Jenny,can I see Ms.Lewis?,.I,ll tell her you,re here.,A.With pleasureB.Never mind,C.You,re welcomeD.Just a minute,答案为,D,项。句意,:,你好,珍妮,我能见路易斯女士吗,?,稍等,我将通知她你到了。,A,项意为,“,愿意,愿意,”;B,项意为,“,别介意,”;C,项意为,“,不客气,”,均不符合语境。,D,项意为,“,稍等,”,符合句意。,36/64,-,37,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,态度类交际用语,1,.,同意和不一样意:,(1)Certainly./Sure./Of course./Yes,please./Yes,I think so./All right.,/OK./I couldn,t agree more./Exactly./Absolutely./No problem.,/That,s a good idea./I agree with you.,(2)Not really./Not exactly./That depends./No way./It,s hard to say.,/I am afraid not./No,I don,t think so./I,m afraid not.,/I really can,t agree with you.,2,.,必定和不必定:,(1)I,m sure./I,m sure that.,(2)I,m not sure./I,m not sure whether/if./Maybe.,3,.,禁止和警告:,You mustn,t./Take care!/Look out!/You are not allowed to.,37/64,-,38,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】,(,天津卷,1)It was a wonderful trip.So,which city did you like better,Paris or Rome?,.There were good things and bad things about them.,A.It,s hard to say,B.I didn,t get it,C.You must be kidding,D.Couldn,t be better,答案为,A,项。句意,:,那真是一次很棒旅行。那么你更喜欢哪个城市,巴黎还是罗马,?,极难说。它们各有优缺点。,A,项,“,这极难说,”;B,项,“,我不明白,”;C,项,“,你一定在开玩笑,”;D,项,“,太棒了,;,没有比这更加好了,”,。依据答题空后句子可知,巴黎和罗马各有优缺点,故应选择,A,项。,38/64,-,39,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(,浙江卷,1)Are you sure you,re ready for the test?,.I,m well prepared for it.,A.I,m afraid notB.No problem,C.Hard to sayD.Not really,答案为,B,项。句意,:,你确定你为考试做好准备了吗,?,没问题。我已做好准备。,no,problem“,没问题,”,符合句意。,I,m,afraid,not“,恐怕没有,”;hard,to,say“,极难说,”;not,really“,不完全是,”,均与语境不符。故选,B,项。,39/64,-,40,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(,江苏卷,32)Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.,.Opposites sometimes do attract.,A.I hope notB.I think so,C.I appreciate thatD.I beg to differ,答案为,D,项。句意,:,只有那些有很多共同点人能相处得好。,我可不一样意。有相反特点人有时候确实相互吸引。,40/64,-,41,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,情感类交际用语,1,.,惊奇:,How come.?/Is that so?/What a surprise!/Good heavens.,2,.,同情:,I,m sorry to hear that./What a pity!/Bad luck.,3,.,抚慰:,Make yourself at home./Take your time./Take it easy./It will be OK./Don,t worry./It,s quite all right.,4,.,勉励:,Come on./Cheer up./Well done./You will make it.,5,.,不在意:,So what?/Who cares?,41/64,-,42,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,【典例分析】,(,天津卷,7)Michael was late for Mr.Smith,s chemistry class this morning.,?As far as I know,he never came late to class.,A.So whatB.Why not,C.Who caresD.How come,答案为,D,项。句意,:,今天早上,在史密斯先生化学课上,迈克尔迟到了。,怎么可能,?,据我所知,他可是上课从不迟到。,So,what“,那又怎样,”;Why,not“,为何不呢,”;Who,cares“,谁在意,”;How,come“,怎么可能,”,。,D,项符合语境,用来表示听话者诧异。,A,、,C,两项表示不在意,;B,表示赞同或疑问,故选,D,项。,42/64,-,43,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,(,江苏卷,23)Jim,can you work this Sunday?,?I,ve been working for two weeks on end.,A.Why meB.Why not,C.What ifD.So what,答案为,A,项。句意,:,吉姆,这个周日你能够加班吗,?,为何是我,?,我已经连续工作两周了。,why,me“,为何是我,”;why,not“,为何不,”;what,if“,假如会怎么样,”;so,what“,那又怎么样,”,。,43/64,-,44,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,尤其提醒,解答交际用语类题目,有两点需尤其注意:,(1),防止汉语式思维。做题时要摒弃汉语影响,真正从英语角度去思索,既要遵照文明礼貌和委婉客气标准,又要考虑一些常见句式和结构。,(2),把握好语境。交际用语考查普通在真实语境中,所以做题时要全方面考虑,注意语境友好一致。尤其要注意上下句之间关系,不能只看到题目标一部分就得出结论。对话中要看答语与问句是否一致。,44/64,-,45,-,1,.(,天津卷,1)Albert,s birthday is on next Saturday,and I,m planning a surprise party for him.,.I,ll bring some wine.,A.Sounds like funB.It depends,C.Just a minuteD.You are welcome,解析,句意,:,下周六是艾伯特生日,我想给他策划一个惊喜派对。,听起来很有趣。我会带些酒。,Sounds,like,fun“,听起来很有趣,”;It,depends“,视情况而定,”;Just,a,minute“,稍等一下,”;You,are,welcome“,不客气,”,。依据句意可知,A,项符合语境。,A,45/64,-,46,-,2,.(,江苏卷,35)Going to watch the Women,s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?,!Will you go with me?,A.You thereB.You bet,C.You got meD.You know better,解析,句意,:,星期三去看女子排球比赛吗,?,当然,!,你和我一起去吗,?You,bet“,当然,
展开阅读全文
浙ICP备2021020529号-1 | 浙B2-20240490 
