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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成份,第1页,句子成份,主语,subject,谓语,predicate,宾语,object,表语,predicative,宾补,complement,定语,attribute,状语,adverbial,同位语,appositive,第2页,1.,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,第3页,1.,主语（,subject),：,主语是一个句子主题，是句子所陈说主体，普通,放于句首，能够是人，也能够是物，指动作执行者。,例,:,那个学生问了老师一些问题,.,The student asked the teacher some,questions.,主语,例,:,今天天气非常好,.,The weather is very nice today.,主语,第4页,2.,谓语（,predicate),：,谓语普通是指主语动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，位置普通放于主语后面。,例,:,他工作非常努力,.,He works very hard.,谓语,例,:,今天天气非常好,.,The weather is very nice today.,谓语,例,:,他在字典里查出了这个单词,.,He looked up the word in the dictionary.,谓语,第5页,3.,宾语（,object),：,宾语在句子中主要充当动作承受者，普通放于及物动词之后。,例,:,老师把灯关了,.,The teacher turned off the lights.,介宾,例,:,他们将不会伤害我们,.,They wont hurt us.,动宾,例,:,他在上个星期放弃吸烟了,.,He gave up smoking last week.,介宾,宾语,动宾,介宾,第6页,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语,.,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人,.,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,Please pass,me,the book.,He bought,me,some flowers,.,第7页,4.,表语：,表语主要用于表述主语特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，组成系表结构。,连系动词,例,:,我是一个老师,.,I,am,a teacher.,表语,例,:,这种水果尝起来味道很好,.,This kind of fruit,tastes,very delicious.,表语,1.be,动词,(am,is,are,was,were),3.,感官动词,(look,smell,hear,feel,),+,表语,2.,表状态改变动词,(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay),例,:,那个女孩变得非常担心,.,The girl,got,worried.,表语,第8页,5.,定语,:(attribute),定语是用来说明名词（代词）品质与特征词，形容词通常作定语。,这是一节生动有趣课,This is a,lively and interesting,class.,有一些难题要处理,There is something,difficult,to deal with.,前置定语,后置定语,It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium.,花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形体育馆路。,leading,第9页,定语,He is a,clever,boy.,They are building a,stone,bridge.,There are,54,students in our class.,Do you known,Bettys,sister?,He bought some,sleeping,pills.,There is a,sleeping,baby in bed.,His,spoken,language is good.,I met a friend on my way,home,.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词全部格,),(,动名词,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),(,副词,),第10页,.,状语,:(adverbial),状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句句子成份；按用途分，可分为,时间，地点，原因，结果，目标，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随情况,等。,表时间：,yesterday,today,tomorrow,Shall we go shopping,today or tomorrow,?,我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？,表地点：,in China,at the airport,I saw a student,in the classroom,.,我在教室里看见一个学生,第11页,表原因,:because,as,for,since,他因为生病所以今天没有去上学,Because he was ill,he didnt go to school today.,表结果：,to+do,v+ing,从句,那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了,The boy fell off the tree,striking his head,against the ground,.,表目:in order to,in order that,for the purpose,为了考入一个愈加好学校，我必须愈加努力,In order to get into a better school,I must,study even harder.,第12页,表条件,:,as/so,long as,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩,As long as you study hard,you can get a,high mark.,表让步,:in spite of,despite,although,though,他即使不认识我，但却帮了我,He helped me,although he didnt know me.,表程度,:very,enough,to some extent,那里风景非常漂亮,The scenery there is,very,beautiful.,第13页,表方式,:like that,as,as if,不要那样看我,Dont look at me,like that!,表伴随情况：,老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书,The teacher came into the classroom,catching a book in his hand.,with,第14页,.,补语,:(complement),补语,主语补足语：,宾语补足语：,补充说明主语动作或状态,补充说明宾语动作或状态,我又累又困，就去睡了。,Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.,2,我发觉那本书很有趣。,I found that book very,interesting.,主语补足语,宾语补足语,你朋友来上课时心情很不好。,Your friend comes to school,very upset,.,第15页,8.,同位语,:(appositive),当两个同一事物句子成份放在同等位置时，一个句子成份可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成份，前者就叫做后者同位语。,我们有两个孩子，一男一女,We have two children,a boy and a girl,.,那人是我老师，他从来都不骑自行车,The man,my teacher,never rides a bike.,I want this diary,itself,to be my friend.P 77,第16页,句子分类,简单句,复合句,并列复合句,主从复合句,有两个或两个以上简单句用连词连接而成。,如：,and,but,or,so,等,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成句子,.eg:,Tom and Mike,are American boys.,She,likes,drawing and often,draws,pictures for the newspaper.,由主句和从句组成，且主从句分别有不一样主谓结构。,第17页,五大基本句型,一,:,(,主谓,),二,:,(,主系表,),三,:,(,主谓宾,),四,:,(,主谓间宾直宾,),五,:,(,主谓宾宾补,),第18页,基本句型 一,:,(,主谓,),谓语,:,不及物动词,(vi.),没有宾语,形成主谓结构。,如,:We come.,(,不及物动词,),1.The sun,rose.,2.Who cares?,3.What he said does not matter.,4.They talked for half an hour.,5.The pen writes smoothly,第19页,基本句型二：,(,是系动词,),(,表语,),1.This,is,an English-Chinese dictionary.,2.The dinner,smells,good.,3.He,fell,in love.,4.Everything,looks,different.,5.He,is growing,tall and strong.,6.Our well,has gone,dry.,7.His face,turned,red.,第20页,基本句型 三,:,(,主谓宾,),此句型,特点,是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须,跟有一个宾语,即动作承受者,才能使意思完整。,(,及物动词,),(,宾语,),1.Who,knows,the answer?,2.He,has refused,to help them.,3.He,enjoys,reading.,4.He,said,“Good morning.”,5.He,admits,that he was mistaken.,第21页,基本句型 四,:,(,主谓间宾直宾,),有些及物动词能够有两个宾语,e.g.,give/pass/bring/show,。,这两个宾语通常一个,指人,(,间接宾语,);,一个指物,(,直接宾语,),。,-Give me a cup of tea please.,-Give a cup of tea to me please.,give sb sth=give sth to sb,第22页,(,及物,),(,多指人,),(,多指物,),She,ordered,herself,a new dress.,2.He,brought,you,a dictionary.,3.I,showed,him,my pictures.,4.I,told,him,that the bus was late.,5.He,showed,me,how to run the machine.,第23页,基本句型 五,:,(,主谓宾宾补,),此句型,特点,是,:,动词即使是及物动词,不过只跟一个,宾语还不能表示完整意思,必须加上一个,补充成份,来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。,宾语补足语,:,位于,宾语之后,对宾语作出说明成份。,能够用作,宾语补足语有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。,第24页,The war made him a,soldier,.,New methods make the job,easy.,I often find him,at work,.,The teacher ask the students,to close,the windows.,I saw a cat,running,across the road.,名词,形容词,介词短语,动词不定式,动名词,第25页,(,及物,),(,宾语,),(,宾补,),1.They,painted,the door,green.,3.They,found,the house,deserted.,4.He,asked,me,to come back soon.,5.I saw,them,getting on the bus.,第26页,惯用英语句子除了基本句型成份不变通常是在这些成份前面或后面增加一些修饰语（,modifier,）而加以扩大。这些修饰语能够是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也能够是,各种类型短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。,We found the hall full.,我们发觉礼堂坐满了。,We found the great hall full of students and teachers.,我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。,句子扩展,第27页,We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.,我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个主要汇报。,We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.,我们发觉大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报一位同志作相关东欧局势主要汇报。,句子扩展,第28页,a.,b.,c.,d.,e.,1.Pleas tell us a story._,2.She smiled._,3.His job is to train swimmers._,4.He noticed a man enter the room._,5.Please look at the picture._,d,a,b,e,c,第29页,学案,II.,翻译以下句子,1.,你故事听起来很有趣。,You story sounds very interesting,.,2.,我感到有一点累。,I felt a bit tired.,3.,我妹妹是在农村长大。,My younger sister grew up in the country.,4.,这家医院创建于,1950,年。,This hospital was set up in 1950.,5.,他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。,He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.,第30页,6,、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。,He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.,7,、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？,By the way,has she paid you the money?,8,、下学期谁教你们生物？,Who will teach you biology next term?,9,、他总是把他卧室收拾得干洁净净,He always keeps his bedroom clean.,10,、什么促使你这么想？,What made you think so?,第31页,划分句子成份,You will tell your friend that youve got to school.,But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.,3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.,4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,第32页,1.,You,will tell,（,your,）,friend,that youve got to school.,2.But,as the moon gave far too much light,I,didnt,dare open,a window.,3.,Another time five months ago,I,happened to be,Upstairs,at dusk,(,when the window was open,).,4.,The,(dark,rainy),evening,the wind,the thundering,Clouds,held,me,entirely,in their power,.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,第33页,Homework:,1.,在这个大城市中，拥有一辆汽车,是,非常,方便,。,(,用动名词做主语,:v+ing,）,2.,学习一门外语,是,一个大,挑战,。,(,用不定式做主语,:to+do,）,3.,他在儿时就,当上了,国王。,(,使用连系动词,become),4.,这,就是,我首次与她见面,地方,。,5.,这,是,世界上最高一座塔。,Having a car is very convenient in this big city.,To learn a foreign language is a great challenge,He became a king when he was a child,This is where I first met her,This is the highest tower in the world,第34页,第35页,
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