托福阅读高频单词题440题.pdf

T T T Tpopopopo小站小站托福特攻队托福特攻队TPOTPOTPOTPO小站小站专业托福一对一保分指导http:/QQ：380586497 托福备考超级群：1026627311TOEFLTOEFLTOEFLTOEFL 词汇题精选词汇题精选001. Most of these leaders were involved inpublic life as reformers, activists working forwomens right to vote, or authors, and were notrepresentativerepresentativerepresentativerepresentative at all of the great of ordinarywomen.The word representative is closest inmeaning to which of following?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive002. In the United States, Louis ComfortTiffany (1843-1933) was the most notedexponent of this style, producing a great varietyof glass forms and surfaces, which were widelycopied in their time and are highly prizedprizedprizedprizedtoday.The word prized is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved003. The Art Nouveau style was a major forcein the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915,although its influence continued throughoutthe mid-1920s. It was eventually to beovertakenovertakenovertakenovertaken by a new school of thought knownas Functionalism that had been present sincethe turn of the century.The word overtaken is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied004. During most of their lives, surge glaciersbehave like normal glaciers, traveling perhapsonly a couple of inches per day. However, atintervalsintervalsintervalsintervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciersmove forward up to 100 times faster than usual.The word intervals is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) records(B) speeds(C) distances(D) periods005. The increasing water pressure under theglacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming thefriction between ice and rock, thus freeingfreeingfreeingfreeing theglacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surgeglaciers also might be influenced by the climate,volcanic heat, or earthquakes.The word freeing is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) pushing(B) releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining006. A flood of ice would then surge into theSouthern Sea. With the continued rise in sealevel, more ice would plungeplungeplungeplunge into the ocean,causing sea levels to rise even higher, which inturn would release more ice and set in motion avicious cycle.The word plunge is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) drop(B) extend(C) melt(D) drift007. Group members look to instrumentalleaders to get things done. Expressiveleadership, on the other hand, is leadershipthat emphasizes the collectivecollectivecollectivecollective well-being of aT T T Tpopopopo小站小站托福特攻队托福特攻队TPOTPOTPOTPO小站小站专业托福一对一保分指导http:/QQ：380586497 托福备考超级群：1026627312social groups members.The word collective is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) necessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular008. They offer sympathy when someoneexperiences difficulties or is subjected todiscipline, are quick to lighten a seriousmoment with humor, and try to resolveresolveresolveresolve issuesthat threaten to divide the group.The word resolve is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) avoid repeating(B) talk about(C) avoid thinking about(D) find a solution for009. Thousands of tons were extracted before1875, when it was first noticednoticednoticednoticed that the tarcontained fossil remains. Major excavationswere undertaken that established thesignificance of this remarkable site.The word noticed is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5million from vertebrates, 2.5 million frominvertebrates, have been recovered, often indensely concentrated tangledtangledtangledtangled masses.The word tangled is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface,especially in the summer, and forms shallowpuddles that would often have beenconcealedconcealedconcealedconcealed by leaves and dust.The word concealed is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) highlighted(B) covered(C) transformed(D) contaminated012. The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2. 5times greater than the total land area of theEarth - is a vast frontier that even today islargely unexplored and uncharted, until about acentury ago, the deep-ocean floor wascompletely inaccessibleinaccessibleinaccessibleinaccessible, hidden beneathwaters averaging over 3,600 meters deep.The word inaccessible is closest in meaningto which of following?(A) unrecognizable(B) unreachable(C) unusable(D) unsafe013. The DSDPs drill ship, the GlomarChallenger, was able to maintain a steadyposition on the oceans surface and drill in verydeep waters, extractingextractingextractingextracting samples of sedimentsand rock from the ocean floor.The word extracting is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing014. Today, largely on the strengthstrengthstrengthstrength ofevidence gathered during the GlomarChallengers voyages, nearly all earth scientistsagree on the theories of plate tectonics andcontinental drift that explain many of thegeological processes that shape the Earth.The word strength is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) basis(B) purposeT T T Tpopopopo小站小站托福特攻队托福特攻队TPOTPOTPOTPO小站小站专业托福一对一保分指导http:/QQ：380586497 托福备考超级群：1026627313(C) discovery(D) endurance015. For every three Canadians in 1945, therewere over five in 1966. In September 1966Canadas population passed the 20 millionmark. Most of this surgingsurgingsurgingsurging growth came fromnatural increase.The word surging is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerating(D) surprising016. When the prairies were being settled,undoubtedly, the good economic conditions ofthe 1950s supported a growth in thepopulation, but the expansion also derivedfrom a trendtrendtrendtrend toward earlier marriages and anincrease in the average size of families.The word trend is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth(D) directive017. After the peakpeakpeakpeak year of 1957, the birth ratein Canada began to decline. It continued fallinguntil in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25years.The word peak is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) pointed(B) dismal(C) mountain(D) maximum018. Although the growth in Canadaspopulation had slowed down by 1966 (theincrease the first half of the 1960s was onlynine percent) , another large population wavewas coming over the horizon. It would becomposed of the children who were bornduring the period of the high birth rate priorpriorpriorpriortotototo 1957.The phrase prior to is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) behind(B) since(C) during(D) preceding019. AdvocatesAdvocatesAdvocatesAdvocates of organic foods - a termwhose meaning varies greatly - frequentlyproclaim that such products are safer and morenutritious than others.The word Advocates is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) Proponents(B) Merchants(C) Inspectors(D) Consumers020. There are numerous unsubstantiatedunsubstantiatedunsubstantiatedunsubstantiatedreports that natural vitamins are superior tosynthetic ones, that fertilized eggs arenutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, thatuntreated grains are better than fumigatedgrains, and the like.The word unsubstantiated is closest inmeaning to which of following?(A) unbelievable(B) uncontested(C) unpopular(D) unverified021. But in many cases consumers are misled ifthey believe organic foods can maintainmaintainmaintainmaintainhealth and provide better nutritional qualitythan conventionally grown foods. So there isreal cause for concern if consumers,particularly those with limited incomes,distrust the regular food supply and buy onlyexpensive organic foods instead.The word maintain is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) improve(B) monitorT T T Tpopopopo小站小站托福特攻队托福特攻队TPOTPOTPOTPO小站小站专业托福一对一保分指导http:/QQ：380586497 托福备考超级群：1026627314(C) preserve(D) restore022. In addition, there were performers andsince considerableconsiderableconsiderableconsiderable importance was attachedto avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites,religious leaders usually assumed that task.The word considerable is closest in meaningto which of following?(A) thoughtful(B) substantial(C) relational(D) ceremonial023. In addition, there were performers andsince considerable importance was attached toavoiding mistakes in the enactmentenactmentenactmentenactment of rites,religious leaders usually assumed that task.The word enactment is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) establishment(B) performance(C) authorization(D) season024. StaggeringStaggeringStaggeringStaggering tasks confronted the peopleof the United States, North and South, whenthe Civil War ended. About a million and a halfsoldiers from both sides had to be demobilized,readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed bythe devastated economy.The word Staggering is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhelming025. About a million and a half soldiers fromboth sides had to be demobilized, readjusted tocivilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastateddevastateddevastateddevastatedeconomy.The word devastated is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) developing(B) ruined(C) complicated(D) fragile026. Some botanists hypothesized that theliving cells of plants acted as pumps. But manyexperiments demonstrateddemonstrateddemonstrateddemonstrated that the stems ofplants in which all the cells are killed can stillmove water to appreciable heights.The word demonstrated is closest inmeaning to which of following?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished027. As water is lost from the surface of theleaves, a negative pressure, or tension, iscreated. The evaporated water is replaced bywater moving from inside the plant inunbroken columns that extendextendextendextend from the top ofa plant to its roots. The same forces that createsurface tension in any sample of water areresponsible for the maintenance of theseunbroken columns of water.The word extend is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate028. By opening vastvastvastvast areas of unoccupied landfor residential expansion, the omnibuses, horserailways, commuter trains, and electric trolleyspulled settled regions outward two to fourtimes more distant from city centers than theywere in the premodern era.The word vast is closest in meaning to whichof following?(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urbanT T T Tpopopopo小站小站托福特攻队托福特攻队TPOTPOTPOTPO小站小站专业托福一对一保分指导http:/QQ：380586497 托福备考超级群：1026627315029. The new accessibility of land around theperiphery of almost every major city sparkedsparkedsparkedsparkedan explosion of real estate development andfueled what we now know as urban sprawl.Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some250,000 new residential lots were recordedwithin the borders of Chicago, most of themlocated in outlying areas.The word sparked is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed030. Anxious to take advantage of thepossibilities of commuting, real estatedevelopers added 800,000 potentialpotentialpotentialpotential buildingsites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six millionpeople.The word potential is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible031. The quality of preservation isoutstandingoutstandingoutstandingoutstanding, but what is even moreimpressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossilscontaining preserved embryos.The word outstanding is closest in meaningto which of following?(A) extensive(B) surprising(C) vertical(D) excellent032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have beenreported from 6 different levels of the shale in asmall area around Holzamden, suggesting thata specific sitesitesitesite was used by large numbers ofichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word site is closest in meaning to whichof following?(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic033. The quality of preservation is almostunmatched, and quarry operations have beencarried out carefully with an awareness of thevalue of the fossils. But these factors do notaccountaccountaccountaccount forforforfor the interesting question of howthere came to be such a concentration ofpregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place veryclose to their time of giving birth.The phrase account for is closest in meaningto which of following?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain034. In the seventeenth century the organ, theclavichord, and the harpsichord became thechief instruments of the keyboard group, asupremacysupremacysupremacysupremacy they maintained until the pianosupplanted them at the end of the eighteenthcentury.The words a supremacy in line 9 are closestin meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance(D) a development035. A series of mechanical improvementscontinuing well into the nineteenth century,including the introduction of pedals to sustaintone or to soften it, the perfection of a metalframe, and steel wire of the finest quality,finally produced an instrument capable ofmyriadmyriadmyriadmyriadtonal effects from the most delicateharmonies to an almost orchestral fullness ofsound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp,percussive brilliance.The word myriad is closest in meaning toT T T Tpopopopo小站小站托福特攻队托福特攻队TPOTPOTPOTPO小站小站专业托福一对一保分指导http:/QQ：380586497 托福备考超级群：1026627316which of following?(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual036. Each one was virtually a stone town,which is why the Spanish would later call thempueblos, the Spanish word for towns. Thesepueblos represent one of the Anasazissupremesupremesupremesupreme achievements. At least a dozen largestone houses took shape below the bluffs ofChiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.The word supreme is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) most common(B) most outstanding(C) most expensive(D) most convenient037. They functioned as sanctuaries where theelders met to plan festivals, perform ritualdances, settlesettlesettlesettle pueblo affairs, and impart triballore to the younger generation.The word settle is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) sink(B) decide(C) clarify(D) locate038. Then, to connect the pueblos and to giveaccess to the surrounding tableland, thearchitects laid out a system of public roads withstone staircases for ascendingascendingascendingascending cliff faces.The word ascending is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) arriving at(B) carving(C) connecting(D) climbing039. Within a very short time, however, theincongruity of playing lively music to a solemnsolemnsolemnsolemnfilm became apparent, and film pianists beganto take some care in matching their pieces tothe mood of the film.The word solemn is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) simple(B) serious(C) short(D) silent040. Certain films had music especiallycomposedcomposedcomposedcomposed for them. T