人教版七年级上册英语语法和练习.doc

一、代词1、 人称代词和物主代词英语的人称代词（Personal Pronoun）有三种不同的人称形式：第一人称（First Person）；第二人称（Second Person）；第三人称（Third Person）。三种人称又各有单、复数形式。.在上列人称代词的不同形式中，还包含了主格（Subjective Case）、宾格（Objective Case）两种“格”的形式。这样，从“格”的形式来划分，英语的人称代词又可归纳为：主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they宾格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them此外，还有所有格形式。属格：my，mine，your，yours，his，her，hers，its，our，ours，their，theirs 属格又可分为两类：一类是形容词性物主代词（my，your，his，her，its，our，their）即 “物主限定词”；另一类是名词性物主代词（mine，yours，his，hers，ours，theirs），即 “物主代词”。人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe he itthey宾格meusyouyouher him itthem物主代词形物代myouryouryourher his itstheir名物代mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirs人称代词用法：（1） 人称代词主格：做主语，表示谁怎么样了，干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student , too.We/You/They are student.（2） 人称代词宾格：作宾语，表示动作行为的对象，一般放在动词的后面。Give it to me.Lets go.(lets=let is)（3） 形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their）+名词。（4） 而名词性物主代词（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，故其后不必加名词。如：-Is this your book?-No,it isnt,its hers(her book).its Jims,its Toms.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink. 练习：1._(我) am a teacher.2.My father is talking with _(我).3.This is _(我的) book.4._(他的) chair is blue.5._(我们的) classroom is big.6._(他) often plays basketball after school.7._(他的) teacher is good.8._(我们) buy a pair of shoes for _(他).9.Please pass_(我们) the ball.10._(他们) are listening to the radio.11._(我) am a teacher.12.This is _(她的) bag. That is_(他的)13._(他的) cap is blue. _( 我们的) are yellow.14.Our chair is better than _ ( they).15.I will give the presents to_(they).16.These books are_(I), and those are_(you).17.My ruler is long. _ ( you ) is short.18.My bike is broken. May I borrow_ ( she)?19.Can you show _(I) your book?20.Its time for _(they) to go home.21.Mr. Green often tells _(we) some stories.22.These are not your desks. They are _(our).23.This is not my shirt. Its _(he)24.I saw _(she) in the shop yesterday.参考答案：1. I 2. me 3. my 4. His 5. Our 6. He 7. His 8. We, him 9. us 10. They 11.I 12. her, his 13. His, ours 14. theirs 15. them 16. mine, yours 17. yours 18. hers 19. me 20. them 21. us 22. ours 23. his 24. Her人称代词和物主代词练习：（一）用代词的适当形式填空。1There is a letter for_ (her 、hers) mother. 2That is _(she ) coat. The coat is red._(it)is a new one. 3Whose pens are these? _(their) are _ (we). 4Give _(he) a toy, please. 5_(we) eyes are black. 6Tim and Bill are twins. _(them) parents are teachers. 7Give the book to _(I ). 8These books are _(we). 9That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big.( I )10The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )11Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )12_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )2、指示代词（1）this“这” ,其复数形式 these “这些” ,指代近处的人或物体 ;（2）that“那” ,其复数形式 those“那些” ,指代远处的人或物。3、指示代词 this that these those 作主语,一般疑问句的简略回答（1）Is this / that your aunt ? Yes , it is . No , it isnt .简略回答时,用主格代词 it 代替（2）Are these / those your uncles ? Yes , they are . No , they arent .简略回答时,用主格代词 they 代替单句变复句,把句子中单数词变成复数词。1、This is my friend . _ _ _ _my _2、That is his parent . _ _ _ _his _3、She is her cousin . _ _ _ _her _用所给的词选择填空1、These are pens and _ are pencils. (that, this, those)2、Tom was sick yesterday. _ is why he missed school. ( That, Those, These) 3、Which of_shirts are Toms ( These, this, that)4、This desk is mine, _is hers. ( those, this, that)5、The map of Beijing is better than _of Tianjing. (this, that, these).二、名词名词: 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。1、不可数名词:表示的事物,其数量不可以数清或者难以数清。例如:l water “水” , “水”的数量不可以数清; rice “大米,谷粒” , 其数量难以数清。不可数名词用法上有两大特点:l (1)、没有复数形式;l (2)、不能用不定冠词 a / an 、基数词、many 修饰。2、可数名词:表示的事物,其数量可以数清 。可数名词用法上的特点:l (1)、有单数、复数两种形式;l (2)、能用不定冠词 a / an 、基数词、many 修饰。3、单数名词后加 s 或 es 变成复数名词。单数名词后加 s 或 es 的方法如下:l (1)、 一般情况,名词后直接加 s (清辅音后读 / s /, 浊辅音后读/ z /)例如: parents“双亲” ;aunts“阿姨” ;friends“朋友”l (2)、以字母 e 结尾的名词,直接加 s (读 / z /) 例如:uncles“叔叔” ;pictures“图画”l (3)、以字母 O 结尾的名词,有的加 s ,有的加 es (读 / z /)例如: photos“照片” ;tomatoes“西红柿” ;l (4)、以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的名词,变 y 为 i,加 es (读 / z /)例如:family families; party partiesl (5)、以 s x ch sh 结尾名词,直接加 es(读 / Iz/) 例如:buses“公共汽车” boxes“盒子” wishes“希望” watches“手表” l (6)、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,有特殊形式。man men woman women people people childchildrenl (7)knife的复数形式是knivesl 4、名词所有格 :表示“某人的” , 名词 + 或 s 构成 。其规则如下:l (1)、一般情况下,名词后直接加 s: Jims (吉姆的); my mothers(我的母亲的)l 2、以 s 结尾的复数名词,直接加 : my friends (我的朋友的);his studentsl 3、一个人或物属各自所有，或者几个人共有,变成所有格。l Jims and Kates aunts 吉姆的阿姨和凯特的阿姨l Jim and Kates birthday 吉姆和凯特(共有)的生日一、写出下列词的复数形式am_ is_ he _ she _ it _ that_this_ you_ pen_ desk_ key_ orange_ boy_ friend_ parent_ class _ child_ shelf _ bed _ radio_ photo_ tomato_ woman _ man _ strawberry _ dictionary _ box _ watch _二、选择填空( )1.There _ on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos ( )2. The old man wants_ . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples( )3. There _two _in the box. A. is ,watch B. are ,watches C. are , watch D. is , watches( )4. The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher B. teachers C. teachers D. teachers( )5._ shirt is white. A. My brother B. My brothers C. My brothers D. My brothers( )6. Today is September 10th. It is _ Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers( )7. Its June 1st, its _ Day. A. Childrens B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Childrenss ( )8. This year, _ is on May 9th. A. my mothers birthday B. my mothers brithday C. my mothers birthday D. my motherss birthday ( )9. This is _ . A. Mike and Jims bikeB. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D.Mike and Jim bike 三、变换句型（把下列句子变为复数句）。l This is my friend. l 2. This is a table. l 3.That is her brother. l 4.This is a book. l 5.That is an eraser. l 6.It is a red orange. l 7.He is a teacher. l 8. Whats this? 四、按中文意思填空l 1. _(李明的)parents work in a big hospital.l 2. This is _ (我妹妹的) Chinese book.l 3. _ (我的姐姐和弟弟的)rooms are very nice.l 4. _ (王平和王明的) father is a hotel manager.l 5. Is this _(你的好朋友的)pen ?l 6. They are_(Peter 和Sam的) teachers.l 7. _(教师节) is on September 10th. .l 8. _(学生们的) desks and chairs are very new.l 9. _(赵敏的) shoes are white.l 10. _(John和Sally的)mothers are American.l 11. _(Tony哥哥的)computer is broken.l 12、Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.三、冠词只有不定冠词a (an)和定冠词the 两个，不用冠词叫零冠词。1、不定冠词a和an ：a用在辅音前，如 a pen a chair an 用在元音前。an old teacher an English book 注意辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况：F H L M N S X这七个字母的第一个音是元音在说一个以上字母时要用an ,如an“F” (一个F) 同时注意字母U,它是元音字母，但它的第一个音是辅音，因此说一个U，应为 a “U”2、定冠词the：当一个名词第二次出现时前面用the 。注意在三餐饭（breakfast、 lunch 、dinner ）前不用the ,月份和星期前都不用the ,体育活动的球类运动前面不用the 。如:have dinner in January December Sunday play basketballplay tennis (volleyball soccer Ping Pong chess baseball) 3、如单数可数名词前有this、that、my等代词修饰时，则不再使用a或an。 冠词练习l ( )1. There is _ art room in the building. A. a B. an C. the D. / l ( )2. -What color is _ orange? - Its _ orange. A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, thel ( )3. There is_ “u” and _ “s” in the word “rulers”. A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, anl ( )4. Its not _English book. A. a B. an C. the D. / l ( )5. I have _ very interesting book. It is about_ exciting game. A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, al ( )6Is that your _ ? Aa picture Bpicture Cpictures Dnice picturesl ( )7Are _ Kates _? Athis, book Bthat，book Cthese，books Dthose，bookl ( ) 8.Thats _ art book. A. an B. a C. the D are四、数量词l 1、基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen l 2、序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth l 口诀：1、first, second, third特殊记；4到19加th,注意fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfthl 2、整数则是去y变ie, 加th， 如：twentieth；l 3、表示“几十几”，整数为基数词，个数为序数词 如：thirty-third fifty-fifthl 数词练习l 1、Mr Green has _ ( two ) daughters .l 2、Kate is Mr Greens _ ( one ) daughter.l 3、There are _ ( twelve ) months in a year.l 4、March is the _ ( three ) month of a year .l 5、They have _ ( twenty ) computers.l 6、I can afford _ ( eight ) sweaters .l 7、 Mr Greens _ ( nine) store is very big .l 8、-How old is your friend ?l -She is _( 12)years old . .l 9、-How old is her father?l - He is _(30) years old . l 10. January the_month of a year.l 11、February the_month of a year.l 12、April the_month of a year.l 13、May the_month of a year .l 14、August the_month of a year.l 15、December the_month of a year.五、介词介词：本册的介词较少，主要用在介词短语里面，如l on：on sale (销售) on April 8th, (在四月八日) on the desk (在桌子上) on TV (在电视上)l in：in English (用英语) in the afternoon (在下午) in the case (在盒子里) T-shirt in red (红色T恤) be in the movie（出演这部电影） in September (在九月)be in our school music festival （参加我们学校的音乐节）l at：call sb.at 3356 (拨打3356找某人) at your school (在你们学校里) at Huaxing Clothes Store （在华兴服装店） at a very good price (以非常优惠的价格) at six (六点钟) have a look at (看一看) l of：a set of (一串) the photo of your family (你的全家照) lots of =a lot of (许多) date of birth（birthday）(生日)l with：with sb. (同某人一起) be good with (和相处得好) help sb. with sth. (帮助某人做某事)l for：thanks for =thank you for (谢谢某人的.) bag for sports (运动包) pants for $30(卖30元的裤子) see for yourself (亲自看看) for girls (对女孩子来说) like sth. for lunch (喜欢吃当作午餐)l about：about Chinese history (有关中国历史)l under：under the desk (在桌子下面)六、形容词l 本册所学的形容词不多，注意拼法和反义词l big (small) l long (short) l sad (happy) l boring (interestingfunny )l exciting l difficult l relaxing great l healthy l old (new) l white (black)七、副词副词：除疑问副词外，本册的副词有only too very well often also really 副词only often also really 等在句中的位置都是在行为动词前面或是系动词的后面。注意几组词的区别：1、too 和also ：too一般放在句子的末尾，also在行为动词前面或是系动词的后面。2、well 和 good ：两个词都有“好”的意思，但well 是副词，而good 是形容词，well修饰动词，放在动词的后面，good 修饰名词，放在名词的前面。如play basketball well speak English well a good student Good morning 八、连词连词：本册所学连词有and but or then and 连接两个词或两个句子，表示前后的句子意思顺接。如：I like thrillers and I like action movies but 连接两个句子，表示后面意思转折。如：He likes tomatoes but she doesnt like broccolisor 表示选择关系。如：Can you play the piano or the violin? then表示动作的先后顺序。本册所学的祈使句类型有l Spell it, please.l Please take these things to your sister.l Lets play ping-pong. (tennisbasketballvolleyball)l Come and buy your clothes.l Have a look at Huaxing Clothes Store.九、动词及句型转换l 1、 动词的种类(四类) l （1）系动词：如 be动词(is am are)；become，sound等 l （2）情态动词如 can 、may、need；l （3）助动词（ do does）；l （4）行为动词如 take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、play、see、go、watch 等 l 2、 动词的第三人称单数（与名词的复数一样 ） l 如 eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) is (are) l 3、 动词的时态（一般现在时 ）l （ 1）含有be动词的 l 有be动词的句子在变一般疑问句时，将be动词放到句首，（注意第一人称变为第二人称 Are you a Chinese boy ? Is she twelve ? Is he Tims brother ?l 含有be动词的句子在变否定句时只须在“be 动词后+not”， 注意： someany andor Im not a Chinese boy. She isnt twelve . He is not Tims btother . Her mother isnt an English teacher .l (2)含有情态动词的句子 （ can等，以can为例 ）, She can play basketball. His mothers cousin can sing many English songs. l 含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“情态动词放到句首”，Can she play basketball ?Can his mothers cousin sing many English songs ?l 含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上not 。l 注意： someany andor 例：She can not play basketball . His mothers cousin can not sing many English songs .l (3)含有行为动词的句子 We have many friends. They watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students take their books to school . I have lunch at school . You have a sister . 含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do. Do you have many friends ? Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ? Do the students take their books to school ? Do you have lunch at school ? Do you have a sister ? 含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加dont . 注意： someany andor We dont have many friends. They dont watch TV at 7 in the evening . The students dont take their books to school . I dont have lunch at school . You dont have a sister . 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要加s (或es)如： She has a red pen . He has eggs for breakfast . Her mother buys a skirt for her . She likes thrillers . My brother watches TV every evening . He wants to go to a movie .l 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变一般疑问句要“加does ,行为动词要还原”。 注意： someany Does she have a red pen ? Does he have eggs for breakfast ? Does her mother buy a skirt for her ? Does