高考英语虚拟语气张.ppt

虚拟语气高三语法复习SubjunctiveMood11.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义2一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、几种特殊的虚拟语气3一、非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。if条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与与现在现在事实相事实相反反If 主语主语did（be用用were）主语主语should/would/could/might do与与过去过去事实相事实相反反If 主语主语had+动词过去分词动词过去分词主语主语should/would/could/might have done与与将来将来事实相事实相反反If 主语主语did（be用用were）should动词原形动词原形 were to动词原形动词原形主语主语should/would/could/might do4考题点击：1.Iamnotfreetoday.IfI_freetoday,I_andvisitsomeofmyfriends.A.amwillgoB.were,wouldgoC.shallbeD.be,mustgo2.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,wouldpreventD.were,wouldhaveprevented3.IfIweretoseeTom,what_you_metotellhim?A.are,goingtoaskB.do,askC.would,askD.did,askBAC5注意1、陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题1)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined2)-Wouldyouhavecalledherup_possible?-Yes,butI_busydoingmyhomework.A.haditbeenwasB.ifitwaswereC.ifithadbeenhadbeenD.ifitwerewouldbeB该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是willbeputoff。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用wouldhavecalled,从句中与过去相反的动词形式为haddone；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。A6注意2.虚拟倒装句1.Wereit(=Ifitwere)notfortheirhelp,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.2.HadI(=IfIhad)knownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.3.Shouldanyone(=Ifanyoneshould)call,pleasetakeamessage.Whatwouldhavehappened,_asfarastheriverbank?(01上海)A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherC7注意3.错综条件句(主从句描述的时间不一致）Ifyou_himyesterday,you_whattodonow.A.askedwouldknowB.hadaskedwouldhaveknownC.askedhimknowD.hadaskedwouldknowDIfyou_(notbuy)theticketlastweek,how_yougonow?IfI_(be)you,I_(take)hisadvicethen.hadntboughtwerewouldhavetakenwould8注意4.含蓄虚拟条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他代替条件句。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.Withoutyouhelp,Iwouldnthaveachievedsomuch.9Iwentbyplane;otherwiseI_muchlongertime.A.couldtakeB.wouldtakeC.willhavetakenD.wouldhavetakenD2.Withoutyourhelp,we_suchrapidprogress.A.couldntmakeB.wouldntmakeC.willnothavemadeD.wouldnthavemade3.Jack_yet,otherwisehewouldhavephonedme.A.mustnthavearrivedB.shouldnthavearrivedC.canthavearrived D.neednthavearrivedDC10二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.“wish+宾语从句”“ifonly+句子”用在虚拟语气中,表不能实现的愿望wish+宾语从句1一般过去式（表“现在的假设”)2.would/coulddo(表“将来的假设”)3.haddone或would/couldhavedone（表“过去的假设”)werehadstudiedwouldrainIwishI_(be)astallasyou.IwishI_(study)harderbefore.Iwishit(rain)tomorrow11Ifonly+从句!=HowIwish+从句!要是就好了1).Ifonlyhecouldcome!(他要能来就好了)=HowIwishhecouldcome!2).IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!(我要早知答案就好了.)=HowIwishIhadknowntheanswer!比较ifonly与onlyif（只有）Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlieC(lie躺，lay,lain)122024/4/17 周三132.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;三条建议suggest,advise,propose;四项要求demand,request,require,desire;注意:suggest表暗示表明时insist表坚持认为，坚持说时不用虚拟语气Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)haveanoperationatonce.14考题点击：1.Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishIso.A.didntdoB.hadntdoneC.haventdoneD.couldntdo2.HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhadD.hadhad3.Theteacherorderedthatstudents_.A.mustntsmokeB.notsmokeC.smokedD.hadsmoked4.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.finishC.shouldfinishD.befinishedBBBD15三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：1.Itbe+过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形+过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposedItisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.Itssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.2.Itbe+形容词+that+(should)+动词原形+形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,proper,funny,strange,surprisingItisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.Itsimportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that+(should)+动词原形+16考题点击：1.Isitnecessarythathe_theexamination?A.takes B.hastotakeC.musttake D.take2.Itisstrangethathe_youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking_inthelibrary.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowedDBB17四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.18考题点击：1.Hissuggestionthatyou_oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey_eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople_theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentACA19谓语动词1.did（表现在的假设）2.haddone（表过去的假设）3.would/might/coulddone（表将来的假设）五几种特殊的虚拟语气1.虚拟语气用在asif(asthough)引导的从句中1)PeopletreatmeasifI_asuperstar.(be)2)HelookedatmeasthoughI_something.(steal)werehadstolen202.用在lest（以免）,forfearthat（以免）和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用(should)+动词原形1.Sheclosedthewindowslestshe_cold.（感冒）2.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimforfearthat_(下雨）3.Heressomemoneyincaseyoushouldneedit.catchitrain21考题点击：1.Wefeltasifwe_eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowing2.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit_.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplode3.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenCCC223.Its(about/high)time从句：Itis(about/high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.注：在thisis/wasthefirst/secondtimethat句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongKong？这是你第一次参观香港吗？235.Wouldrather宁愿wouldrather+句子did(与现在，将来相反)haddone（与过去相反）注wouldratherdosth242024/4/17 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