小学英语语法之名词.ppt

<p>单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,小学英语语法之名词,The Grammar in Primary School,6 Tense,s,1.Present Tense,2.Past Tense,3.Future Tense,4.Present Prerfect Tense,5.Past Perfect Tense,6.Present Continuous Tense,3 subordinate clause,1.Object Clause,2.Attributive Clause,3.Abverbial Clause,宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句,一般现在时,一般过去式,一般将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在进行时,6大时态,3大从句,Morphology,1.Noun(n.),2.Pronoun(pron.),3.Numeral(num.),4.Adjective(adj.),5.Verb(v.),6.Adverb(adv.),7.Article(art.),8.Preposition(prep.),9.Conjuction(conj.),10.Interjection(interj.),名词,代词,数词,形容词,动词,副词,冠词,介词,连词,感叹词,Sentence Patterns,1.Imperative,2.Exclamation,3.Statement,4.Question,(Disjunctive Question,General Question),5.There be,祈使句,感叹句,陈述句,问句（反义疑问句，一般疑问句）,There be 句型,5大句型,10大词法,Passive Voice,被动语态,Noun,Noun,Proper Noun,Common Noun,Individual Nouns,Collective Nouns,Mass Nouns/Material Nouns,Abstract Nouns,Countable noun,Uncountable noun,名词,Noun,专有名词,Proper Nouns,普通名词,Common Nouns,个体名词,Individual Nouns,集体名词,Collective Nouns,物质名词,Mass Nouns,抽象名词,Abstract Nouns,可数名词,Countable Nouns,不可数名词,Uncountable Nouns,Proper Noun,专有名词,1.,表示人名,eg.Mary Li Bai Miss Zhang,2.,表示地名,eg.China London Beijing,the Yellow River,Broadway,3.,某些人的名称,eg.Americans,Russians,Democrats,Jews,4.某些抽象事物的名称,eg.English,Christianity,NATO,5.月份、周日以及节日名称,eg.May,Saturday,Easter,New Years Day,6.书名、电影及诗歌的名称,eg.A Tale of Two Cities,Gone with the wind,7.对家人等的称呼,eg.Mum,Dad,Aunt,一,、,第一个字母必须大写,二,、,专有名词前一般不加冠词,三、,姓氏是专有名词，一般没有复数形式，而且也不能加定冠词the。但是，当姓氏的前面加定冠词the，在后面加上-s，表示一家人。,the Smiths 史密斯一家人,The Blacks have moved house.布莱克一家已经搬走了。,四、,有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式，但是在实际使用中谓语动词通常采用单数形式。例如：,the United States 美国,The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。,这里把the United Unions看成一个整体。,特点归纳,一、找出下列名词中的,专有名词,China boy family Jim American apple sister The Great Wall Liu Mei,China Jim,American The Great Wall,Liu Mei,Practice,Individual Nouns 个体名词,father,room,computer,student,teacher,clock,pencil,Collective Nouns 集体名词,Family,audience,police,community 社区,crew 船员,gang 一伙人,navy 海军,jury 审判团,team,group,Youth,年轻人,集体名词中,1.,有的是可数名词，如：family 家庭 group 小组 team 队 police 警察,2.,有的是不可数名词，如：clothing 衣服 furniture 家具,集体名词的注意事项：,1.有的集体名词通常用作复数形式。如：,The police are questioning everyone in the house.,警察正在盘问房间里的每一个人。,Domestic cattle provide us with milk,beef,and hides.,家牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。,2.有的集体名词可以用作单数形式，也可以用作复数形式。,比如说family这个词，如果把family看成家庭成员，谓语用复数。如果把family看成一个整体，谓语用单数：,His family are waiting for him.,他的家人正在等他。（把family看成家庭成员）,Ive got to make it clear that my family was very poor.,我得说清楚，我的家是很穷的。（把family看成一个整体）,3.,有的集体名词只能用作单数形式。这类词汇属不可数名词。如：,Our clothing protects us from cold.,衣服保护我们免受寒冻。,Then the furniture was moved in.,然后家具被搬进来。,常见的同类词汇有：,mankind,人类,foliage,叶子；植物,machinery,机械,merchandise,货物,Mass Nouns 物质名词,wood,beer,jam,sand,oil,jelly,ink,coff,ee,water,wine,Abstract Nouns 抽象名词,love,respect,growth,design,economy,labour,time,silence,marriage,sleep,loneliness,finance,democracy,普通名词,普,通,名,词,个体名词,表示某类人或事物中的个体。,student teacher car,panda,aunt,集合名词,表示若干个体组成的集合体。,family police class army,audience company,物质名词,表示无法分为个体的物质或事物,water tea,cheese coal iron juice perfume,抽象名词,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念。,music love,youth beauty religion security,注意啦！个体名词、集合名词 可数名词,物质名词、抽象名词 不可数名词,army,beer,community,magic,sauce,audience,duty,government,ice,bateria(pl.),soap,jelly,age,wood,cloth,fur,team,love,meat,police,freedom,ribbon,oil,youth,tea,group,water,patience,Exercise,panda,apartment,二、辨别名词的种类，根据表格填词。,class,China,book,family,boy,Monday,fire,火,people,English,Jim,ice,love,milk,普通,名词,个体名词,集合名词,物质名词,抽象名词,专有*,名词*,Practice,Special Words,Mass Nouns,glass,copper,tin 锡,paper,iron,wood,gold,Individual Nouns,a glass 玻璃杯,a copper 铜币,a tin 罐头,a paper 报纸、论文、证件,an iron 熨斗,a wood 树林,a gold 金牌,Abstract Nouns,youth 青春,relation 关系,authority 权威,power 力量,necessity 必要性,democracy 民主,pleasure 高兴、愉快,beauty 美,Individual Nouns,a youth青年人,a relation 亲属,an authority 权威人士,a power 大国,a necessity 必需品,a democracy 民主国家,a pleasure使人感到愉快的事,a beauty 美人，美的东西,可数名词 Countable Nouns,一,.,从形式上分,名词分为可数名词，不可数名词,1.,可数名词,（,1,）可数名词是指可以一个一个或一件一件数的人或物，它有单数和复数两种形式。,（,2,）可数名词的单复数形式,规则变化,A.,直接加,s bikes,cups,bags,girls,B.,以,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的单词加,es,classes,boxes,brushes.,C.,以,f,，,fe,结尾，去掉,f,，,fe,变为,ves wolves,wives,D.辅音字母+y结尾，将y变为ies,cities,factories,E.元音字母+y结尾，直接加s,days,boys,toys,keys,E.以o结尾，以辅音字母加-o 结尾的词,在词尾加-es,heroes,tomatoes,以元音字母加-o 结尾的词在词尾加-s,.,pianos,radios,不规则变化,单复数形式不同,man-men woman-women child-children,tooth-teeth foot-feet mouse-mice,B.单复数一致的,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,aircraft,goldfish,fish,hair 头发 hairs 几根头发,fruit水果 fruits 不同种类的水果,fish/fishes 鱼 fishes不同种类的鱼,C.通常只有复数形式的,Trousers,glasses,stairs,pants,jeans,shorts,pajamas,scissors,fireworks,earphones,goods,brains,复合名词改成复数形式,一.在词尾加-s 或-es,1,.主体名词在词末,bedroom bedrooms 卧室,toothbrush toothbrushes 牙刷,greenhouse greenhouses 温室,letter-box letter-boxes 信箱,2.没有主体名词,go-between go-betweens 中间人,break-in break-ins 闯入,has-been has-beens 过时的人、过时的物,forget-me-not forget-me-nots 勿忘草,hand-me-down hand-me-downs 旧衣,二.在主体名词词尾加-s 或-es,son-in-law sons-in-law 女婿,editor-in-chief editors-in-chief 总编辑,commander-in-chief commanders-in-chief 总司令,passer-by passers-by 过路人,vice-premier vice-premiers 副总理,三.两个构成部分都要变成复数形式,a woman cookwomen cooks 女厨师,a man nurse men nurses 男护士,有关名词可数性的三个,易错点：,1.a bread,two breads,(X),a loaf of bread,two loaves of bread,(,),2.paper,(uncountable nouns),newspaper,(countable nouns),water,(uncountable nouns),tear,(countable nouns),3.aim表示“目的”时是可数名词，表示“瞄准”时是不可数名词；瞄准，对准（指技巧或动作,),Your aim is your skill or action in pointing a weapon or other object at its target.,experience,经验,时不可数，表示“经历”时则可数；,fortune，当它表示“运气”和“财产”时不可数，当它表示“命运”时就可数。,一、写出下列名词的复数形式,1,.,orange,2,.,class3,.,text,4,.,monkey5,.,piano6,.,child,7,.,shelf,8,.,bed9,.,country,1,0.,family,11,.,toy,12,.,foot,13,.,Japanese14,.,radio15,.,photo,16,.,army17,.,tomato18,.,fox,19,.,woman20,.,knife,22,.,sheep,EXERCISE,3.There are four,_,and two,_,in the group.,A.Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen,C.Japanese,German C.Japanese,Germans,5.The boys have got,_,already.,A.two bread B.two breads,C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread,6.The old man wants,_,.,A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple,C.six box of apples D.six boxs of apples,7.There,_,some,_,in the river.,A.is,fish B.are,fish,e,s,C.is,fish,e,s D.are,fish,不同国家的人的单复数,口诀：,中日瑞士不用变，英法国人,A,变,E,，其余,S,加后面名称 总称（谓语用复数）一个人 两个人,不可数名词 Uncountable Nouns,不能直接用数来计数的词，它没有复数形式。,（,1,）常见的不可数名词,抽象名词,beauty,fun,health,love,固体,bread,glass,meat,wood,silk,液体,honey,jam,wine,milk,juice,oil,气体,air,smoke,天气,weather,rain,snow,fog,wind,sunshine,粮食和粉状物,wheat,rice,corn,flour,sugar,salt,（,2,）不可数名词的量化,借助一些单位来表示一定的数量,a,glass of,/a,cup of,/a,piece of,a,bottle of,/a,bag of,/a,bowl of,表示重量的名词往往是可数名词，他们可变成复数形式。,t,wo,glasses of water,two bags of rice,借助一些表示不定数量的不定代词来修饰，常见的有：,Some,any,a little,little,much,a lot of,lots of,1.不可数名词不能接受不定冠词a,an的限制。如果不可数名词的前面出现不定冠词a,an，则说明这个不可数名词已经转化了。如：,There is snow on the ground.地上有雪。,There was a heavy snow last night.昨晚下了一场大雪。,I dont like coffee.我不喜欢咖啡。,A coffee,please.请来一份咖啡。,2.不可数名词没有复数形式。有的以-s结尾的不可数名词并没有复数的概念。如：,Theres good news tonight.今晚有好消息。,3.不可数名词受the限制时，表示特指；不受任何冠词限制时，表示泛指。如：,We cant live without air.没有空气我们就不能活。,Open the window.The air is so bad.打开窗户吧。里面的空气很不好。,Its pleasant to walk in soft snow.在松软的雪里走很舒服。,Lets take a walk in the snow.咱们去踏雪散散步。,4.,不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：,Physics is a difficult subject for me.,对我来说物理是一门难学的科目。,5.,不可数名词不能受基数词的修饰，如果确实要表达数量关系，必需加上表示个体性的单位词。如：,Id love a piece of bread.,我要一个面包。,There are five bottles of milk on the table.,桌子上有五瓶牛奶。,这种单位词有四类：,(1)表示个数，如piece,bit,item,article等。例如：a bit of wood 一片木头,an item of news 一则新闻,(2)表示形状，如cake,slice,block,ear,bar,drop,heap等。例如：,a cake of soap 一块肥皂,a slice of meat 一片肉,a block of ice 一块冰,an ear of wheat 一穗麦子,a bar of chocolate 一条巧克力,(3)表示容积，如cup,bottle,bowl,bag,glass,box,tube,bucket等，例如：,a cup of tea 一杯茶,a bowl of rice 一碗饭,a bag of rice 一袋米,two glasses of water 两杯水,a tube of toothpaste 一管牙膏,*注意：可数名词后可加-s，不可数名词后不能加-s。如：,two boxes of books 两箱书,(4)表示动作或状态，如burst,gust,flash,fit等，例如：,a burst of laughter 一阵笑声,a gust of wind 一阵风,名词的所有格,1.,在词尾不是,s,的单数或复数名词之后加,-s,Toms bike,汤姆的自行车,a womens hospital,妇女医院,a childrens palace,少年宫,oxens temper,牛脾气,2.,在词尾是,s,的单数名词之后加,或,s,都可以,my boss office,或,my bosss office,我老板的办公室,Dickens novels,或,Dickenss novels,狄更斯的小说,3.,在词尾是,s,的复数名词之后加,a girls high school,女子中学,birds nets,鸟窝,The end,Thank you,！,</p>