跨文化交际宣讲专题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,跨文化交际-Sarah-Scau,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Company Logo,*,跨文化交际-Sarah-Scau,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,跨文化交际-Sarah-Scau,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,跨文化交际-Sarah-Scau,牛刀小试,All cultures require and value politeness,but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly.,Addressing forms like“Miss Mary”,“Brown”by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise.,Ranks in the armed forces like Captain,Colonel can be used as titles.,Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P.L.A.Uncle means.,F,T,T,T,5.We can address Jason Douglas,who is a lawyer,as Lawyer Douglas.,6.Chinese hospitality toward the Westerners is always greatly appreciated.,7.The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.,8.“Thank you for coming!”is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived.,Comprehension Check,F,F,F,F,Teaching Objectives,1.To understand how,language and culture are closely linked,2.,To understand,pragmatics,in intercultural Communication,3.,Identify the cultural differences in,greetings,small talks,conversational topics,compliment and response,visiting,parting,gratitude and apology,etc,.,Company Logo,Verbal intercultural communication,“verbal”,means“consisting of words”.,Language,spoken or written,is a means of verbal communication.,Verbal communication,refers to the communication that is carried either,in oral or in written form,with the use of words.,Verbal intercultural communication,happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.,Company Logo,Language and culture,Mastering all those rules of language,，such as phonology,morphology,syntax and semantics,is still,not enough,for effective communication,for language and culture cannot be separated,.,They are intertwined,shaping each other,as in the chicken and egg dilemma-,which came first,the language or the culture,?,When selecting,words,forming sentences,and sending a message,either oral or written,one also,makes cultural choices,.,BACK,Company Logo,Pragmatics in intercultural Communication,Language can be used to,perform many tasks,:to address people,to compliment people,to make a request,to extend an invitation,to declare a man and a woman husband and wife,and even to sentence a criminal to death.,Pragmatics is the study of,the effect,that language has on human perceptions and behaviors.By learning pragmatics,we can understand how to,communicate properly,.,Our everyday communication is filled with such pragmatic use of language,but the realization of speech act is different,from culture to culture,.,Company Logo,Case study,Prof.Xia:,Would you like to have a cup of,coffee,?,Prof.Graham:,Should I reply,in English way or Chinese way,?,Prof.Xia:,In English way.,Prof.Graham,:Then,yes.,Prof.Xia:,Tea,in English way as well?,Prof.Graham:,No,in Chinese way this time.,Prof.Xia:,Jolly good.Youve saved me.Just out of milk.,Prof.Graham,:(starts laughing),BACK,Company Logo,Identify the cultural differences in:,greetings,small talks,conversational topics,compliment and response,visiting,parting,gratitude and apology,etc,Company Logo,Greetings&Small Talks,打招呼/问候/寒暄,Greetings 打招呼/问候,上哪去？,去哪啦？,吃过了吗？,Where are you going?,Where have you been?,Have you had your meal?,Its none of your business!,Are you going to invite me to dinner?,Have you had your meal?,“When I first went to Hong Kong a number of years ago,I had no idea about the Chinese language or the Chinese culture.Shortly after my arrival,I went to the bank on my way to school.,I was extremely surprised,when the bank clerk asked me if I had had my lunch.I proceeded to school and,was even more surprised,when one of the teachers asked me the same question.By now I realized that it could not be an invitation,but I was puzzled as to why they kept asking it.”,Have you had your meal?,“In the following days,as I was asked the question again and again,I came to the conclusion that,people must be concerned about my health.,I was somewhat underweight,and I assumed they must be worried that I was not eating properly.Only later,did I find out that the question,had no real significance,at all,it was merely a greeting.”,Have you had your meal?,“In British culture,this question would be regarded as,an indirect invitation to lunch,and between unmarried young people,it indicates a young mans interest in dating a girl.,Since he was a complete stranger,I was quite taken aback.”,Where are you going?/Where have you been?,“English people have a very strong sense of,privacy.,They are easily,offended,by comments which seem to invade personal lives,so the Chinese greeting“where are you going?”is uncomfortable to them.They regard it as,a request for information,and as,an invasion of their privacy,.In fact,many foreign teachers in China have complained that their room attendants,服务员,are spies because the attendants have greeted them with“where are you going?”,-Helen Oately,1988,Privacy,What is privacy?,Privacy,1)the state of being hidden or undisturbed,a persons right to this,2)freedom from intrusion侵扰 or public attention,3)avoidance of publicity,-,The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary English,秘密，隐私，私下，独处，不愿别人干涉,Privacy,The information that one wish to remain unnoticed in the public realm.,When something is private to a,person,it usually means there is something within them that is considered inherently,内在的,special or personally sensitive,敏感的.,Privacy can,be seen as an aspect of security.,In English,Poke/pry into other peoples business,打听别人的事,meddle in other peoples affairs,干涉别人的事,(meddlers干涉者，爱管闲事的人),nosy,好管闲事的（,Nosy Parker 好事者）,keep your nose out of our business,我们的事不要你管,mind your own business,别管闲事,Its none of your business.,这不关你的事,Dont put your hand between the bark,树皮,and the tree,.,别管别人的家务事。,In Chinese,君子坦荡荡，小人常戚戚,明人不做暗事,若要人不知，除非己莫为,人有短，切莫揭,人有私，切莫说,家丑不可外扬,打人莫打脸，揭人莫揭短,打人莫打人痛处，骂人莫骂人羞处,In China,people always state that they dont have“yin si”,On the contrary,Americans often declare their intention to protect their privacy.People believe that,others have no right to pry into,（窥探）,things which belong to themselves alone and have nothing to do with others.,One who is too nosy and who spreads rumors is said to violate the right to privacy.,In Daily Conversation:,Chinese people,attach great importance to human feelings and interpersonal relationships.,Western people,value their privacy more.,Acceptable Greetings,中文,你吃过饭了吗？,你去哪儿？,上哪去了？,英文,How are you?,How are you doing?,Hows life?,How is your family?,How is everything?,Acceptable Greetings,中文,出去呀？,吃饭去？,回来了？,忙着呢？,忙什么呢？,在洗车呀？,英文,Whats up?,Whats happening?,Whats going on?,Lovely day,isnt it?,Miserable weather,isnt it?,Its a heavy rain,isnt it?,Acceptable Greeting称赞式问候,中文,这衣服真漂亮，新买的吧？,你看起来气色不错。,你发福了,。,英文,You look fantastic in this dress!,You look very smart in that sweater.,English Greetings,Greetings&Small Talks in English,Acceptable Small Talk Topics,Topics that are acceptable to both Westerners and Chinese:,*,Hobbies,*News or a local or national event,*Holidays;,*Jobs,*The weather;,*Films/books,Small Talks,1.Weather,Beautiful day,isnt it?,Can you believe all of this rain weve been having?,It looks like its going to snow.,We couldnt ask for a nicer day,could we?,Small Talk:weather and plans,Small Talks,2.News,Did you catch the news today?,Did you hear about that fire in Shenzheng?,What do you think about this strike?,I read in the paper today that,I heard on the radio today that,Small Talks:talking about the news,Small Talks,3.In the Office,Looking forward to the weekend?,I cant believe how busy/quiet we are today,can you?,Has it been a long week?,What do you think of the new computers?,Small Talks,4.In the Party,So,how do you know Justin?,Have you tried the cabbage rolls that Sandy made?,Are you enjoying yourself?,Pretty nice place,huh?,I love your dress.Can I ask where you got it?,Small Talks,5.During Walking,How do you like the new park?,Nice day to be outside,isnt it?,The tulips are sure beautiful at this time of year,arent they?,Small Talk:show your concern,Small Talks,6.During Waiting,The bus must be running late today.,It looks like we are going to be here for a while,huh?,You look like youve got your hands full(with goods),Example 1,A:Hot in here,isnt it?,B:Yeah,really.,A:Is it OK if I sit here?,B:Of course.Help yourself.,A:Thanks.My names Charlie Brown,by the way.,B:Hi,Im Jenny Blair.,A:Nice to meet you.And what do you do,Jenny?,B:Im a student at Princeton.,A:Oh,are you?And what are you studying?,B:Medicine.,A:Really?,B:Yes,I want to be a doctor one of these days.What about you?,A:Im an engineer.I work for Boeing.Say,would you like a drink?,B:Sure.Thanks.,Example 2,A:I like your chair.,B:Thank you.I made it myself.,A:Really?I didnt know that you work with wood.,B:Ive been doing this for five years.,A:Did you take a class in wood working？,B:No,I taught myself from books.,A:Thats great.,Anything Wrong?,在某公共汽车站，当时天正下着雨，中国学生李鹏和一位英国人都在等车。李鹏想趁机练练英语口语，于是主动上去跟这位英国人打招呼。他说,：,“Its raining today,isnt it?”,Its a heavy rain,isnt it?,Unacceptable Topics in English,Ones salary is regarded as extremely personal and private in the West.,It is better to avoid questions like“How much do you earn?”,Unacceptable Topic:Income Direct/Indirect,It is very common in China to ask someone how much they paid for a particular item.,In the West,it is,not normally,acceptable to ask someone directly how much they paid for something.,This issue can only be approached indirectly.,Income Direct/Indirect,A:Thats a beautiful bicycle!Where did you buy it?,B:At the bicycle shop on Tianhe Road.,A:Oh,Id love to buy one myself.Was it very expensive?,B:Not really.In fact,I thought it was quite reasonable.I paid 200 yuan for it.,For Example,B:No,not very expensive.,/Yes,a little bit expensive.,A:How much did you pay for the bicycle?,Childrens Paradise,Middle-aged mens Battlefield,Old mens Grave,Unacceptable Topic:Age,在中国却是资历、尊严与权威的象征,“不听老人言，吃亏在眼前”,“姜是老的辣”,“老将出马，一个顶俩”,痛苦、悲哀、却又无可奈何,Unacceptable Topic:Age,Generally speaking,it is regarded as impolite in Western culture to ask a person his or her age.This is particularly true of woman,when she is over thirty.,So a direct question like“how old are you?”should be avoided.,Unacceptable Topic:Age,During my stay in Canada,I had an interesting experience.One day after class,a group of students and I chatted over a cup of coffee.A male student next to me asked,“How old are you?”I was take aback at it at first.Then I said with a smile,“Well,while I was in China,I read that Westerners would never ask a woman such a question.”Hearing this,he said,“We usually dont ask a woman over thirty.”,in order to prove this,he casually asked another female student,“How old are you?”The woman said without hesitation,“22.”,“Is your husband/wife with you?”,“How many children do you have?”,On hearing that the person is not married:,“Im so sorry”,Unacceptable Topic:Marriage,Question:,What would you say if you really want to know whether the person is married or not?,General questions(acceptable):,“Do you have a large family?”,“Are there many in your family?”,allows the option of talking about parents,brothers and sisters,spouse or children,.,Lets learn more about,Protecting and Respecting Privacy,跨文化社交案例分析,W(oman):We couldnt ask for a better day,could we?,M(an):I know.There isnt a cloud in the sky.But I heard they are calling for rain all weekend.,W:Really?Oh well.I have to work all weekend anyway.,M:Wow.Im sure you make good money with that diamond watch you have on.,W:Ah,this bus seems to be running late.How long have you been waiting?,M:Ive been here for at least 15 minutes now.Where are you heading today?,W:Actually,Im going to the City Hall to cast my vote for mayor.,M;Oh,what a coincidence.So am I!Who are you voting for?,W:Um,well Im still thinking about it.Here comes a bus now.I thought it would never come.Well,have a nice day.,Question1:Who is Chinese,the man or the woman?,Question2:What are inappropriately said by the Chinese?,W(oman):We couldnt ask for a better day,could we?,M(an):I know.There isnt a cloud in the sky.But I heard they are calling for rain all weekend.,W:Really?Oh well.I have to work all weekend anyway.,M:Wow.,Im sure you make good money with that diamond watch you have on.,W:Ah,this bus seems to be running late.How long have you been waiting?,M:Ive been here for at least 15 minutes now.,Where are you heading today?,W:Actually,Im going to the City Hall to cast my vote for mayor.,M;Oh,what a coincidence.So am I!Who are you voting for?,W:Um,well Im still thinking about it.Here comes a bus now.I thought it would never come.Well,have a nice day.,W(oman):We couldnt ask for a better day,could we?,M(an):I know.There isnt a cloud in the sky.But I heard they are calling for rain all weekend.,W:Really?Oh well.I have to work all weekend anyway.,M:Wow.,Im sure you make good money with that diamond watch you have on.,W:Ah,this bus seems to be running late.How long have you been waiting?,M:Ive been here for at least 15 minutes now.,Where are you heading today?,W:Actually,Im going to the City Hall to cast my vote for mayor.,M;Oh,what a coincidence.So am I!,Who are you voting for?,W:Um,well Im still thinking about it.Here comes a bus now.I thought it would never come.Well,have a nice day.,Woman1:(Standing in a corner drinking a glass of wine by herself),Man:Hi there.Why arent you dancing?,Woman1:(Smiles.No response.),Man:So,how do you know Rick?,Woman2:Oh,Rick and I go way back.We studied nursing together.,Man:Then you and Rick must be at the same age,right?But you look really younger.,Woman2:Thank you.Well,I had better go and mingle.There are a few people I havent said hello to yet.,Man:Wait!Did you hear that the Pope is coming to town?,Woman2:Ya.I heard that on the news today.I bet itll be really tough to get to see him.,Man:I know.But Im not Catholic anyway.Are you?,Woman2:Yes,I am actually,.,Can you spot the places that went wrong?,Diagnosing,Problems,Woman1:(Standing in a corner drinking a glass of wine by herself),Man:Hi there.Why arent you dancing?,Woman1:(Smiles.No response.),Man:So,how do you know Rick?,Woman2:Oh,Rick and I go way back.We studied nursing together.,Man:Then you and Rick must be at the same age,right?But you look really younger.,Woman2:Thank you.Well,I had better go and mingle.There are a few people I havent said hello to yet.,Man:Wait!Did you hear that the Pope is coming to town?,Woman2:Ya.I heard that on the news today.I bet itll be really tough to get to see him.,Man:I know.But Im not Catholic anyway.Are you?,Woman2:Yes,I am actually.,Diagnosing,Problems,Woman1:,(Standing in a corner drinking a glass of wine by herself),Man:Hi there.Why arent you dancing?,Woman1:,(Smiles.No response.),Man:So,how do you know Rick?,Woman2:Oh,Rick and I go way back.We studied nursing together.,Man:,Then you and Rick must be at the same age,right?But you loo