新四级翻译之无主句的翻译.ppt

<p>单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,新四级翻译之-无主句的翻译,翻译技巧,1,主语的选择,2,无主句的翻译,3,调整语序,4,词性转换,5,动词时态的翻译,6,减译法,7,增译法,8,合并译法,9,“让”字句的译法,10,“使”字句的译法,无主句的翻译,1.,什么是无主句,2.,无主句翻译技巧,3.,无主句分类练习,Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closet natural equivalent of the source-language message,first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of the style.,Nida 1969,The Theory and Practice of Translation,什么是无主句,汉语,有谓语动词而没有主语部分的句子叫做无主句。（习惯的说法）（省略主语叫省略句）,如：“下雨了”，“楼前栽了两棵松树”，“村子里呈现出一片新的气象”,英语,句子一般都要有主语，没有主语是例外。（祈使句型和省略句型）,汉语无主句特征：,1.,语义简洁、明了、不拖沓；,2.,虽然没有主语，但是，其主语要么是不言而喻的；要么是在上下文中已经表达明白了的；要么是泛指的人或事物；要么是在语境中已经确定了的；,3.,在诸如公文体、科技体等正式语体中无主句大量使用；,4.,书面语的无主句常常具有严肃性、权威性的特点；,5.,指令性（含禁令性）语句，大量使用无主句加以表达。,如何将汉语的无主句翻译成英语,1.,运用英语的被动结构,2.,采用“,There+be”,，“,It/one+be+to”,等结构,3.,采用倒装语序,4.,采用祈使句式,5.,选用适当的名词或代词补出主语,1.,运用英语的被动结构,1,）把,汉语无主句中的宾语,转换成,英语被动结构中的主语,。,某些表示事物,存在、出现,的无主句，可以译成被动句。例如：,(1),封面上印着一个,猎人的像,。,The figure of a hunter,was printed on the cover(of the book).,(2),这儿将修建,更多的居民大楼,。,More apartment houses,will be built here.,(3),去年发现了,一种稀有元素,。,A rare element,was found last year.,2),某些表示,要求、规定,的无主句，也往往可以译成被动句。,例如：,（,1,）本剧场内禁止,吸烟,。,Smoking,is not allowed in the theatre.,(2),发现了,错误,，一定要改正。,Wrongs,must be righted when they are discovered.,(3),必须保证,八小时睡眠,。,Eight hours sleep,must be guaranteed.,2.,采用“,There+be”,，“,It/one+be+to”,等结构,汉语中的某些,格言、经验，或带有哲理,的无主句，翻译时一般都采用这类结构。,例如：,(1),没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。,Without facility,there would be,no difficulty;without difficulty,there would also be,no facility.,(2),活到老，学到老。,One is,never too old to learn.,(3),你忘记一句古话了吗：活到老，学到老。何况你并不老。,Have you ever forgotten the old saying:,one is,never too old to learn.In any case,youre not old at all.,例（,2,）的译法，实际上是借用,英语中寓义相近的谚语,。,3.,采用倒装语序,有些表示事物,存在，出现或消失,的无主句，结构形式与英语的倒装句相似，因此，在汉译英时用倒装语序往往十分得体的。,例如：,(1),在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，却坐有一位将近三十岁的男子。,Close by a door at the extreme left of the veranda,sat,a man of about thirty.,(2),描金的福建漆盘子里还放着当天的报。,On the gilded Fujian lacquer tray also,lay,the morning newspaper.,(3),地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅、锌。,Hidden underground,is,a wealth of gold,silver,copper,lead and zinc.,(4),和这些产品一道展出的还有钢铁厂和高炉的模型。,On display by the side of those products,were,models of iron and steel works and blast furnaces.,以上（,1,）、（,2,）、（,4,）三例译文用的是主动语态，而例（,3,）的译文则用了被动语态。当然，英译类似此种结构的无主句时，也可用正常语序。,4,采用祈使句式,汉语中表示,请求、命令、号召、标语、口号,等无主句，可仿照英语中的同类句式来译。,例如：,(1),请勿吸烟。,No Smoking.,(2),此处禁止停车。,No Parking.,(3),中国共产党万岁！,Long live the Chinese Communist Party!,(4),请讲慢一点。,Speak a little slower,please.,(5),到什么山上唱什么歌。,Sing different songs on different mountains.,(6),为建设一个伟大的社会主义国家而奋斗！,Strive to build a great socialist Country!,5.,选用适当的名词或代词补出主语,汉语无主句的英译，可以根据上下文选用适当的名词或代词（包括人称代词和否定代词）,补出主语,，构成一个完整的句子,。,例如：,(1),弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。,If,things,are not properly handled,our labor will be totally lost.,(2),不承认这一条真理，就不是共产主义者。,Anyone who,does not recognize this truth is no communist.,(3),知彼知己，百战不殆。,Know the enemy and know yourself,and,you,can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.,(4),不经一事，不长一智。,You,cant gain knowledge without practice.Wisdom comes from experience.,(5),在这里,(,茶馆里），可以听到最荒唐的新闻，如某处的大蜘蛛怎么成了精，受了雷击。,In the teahouses,one,could hear the most absurd stories,such as how in a certain place a huge spider had turned into a demon and was then struck by lightning.,无主句翻译方法的选择,1.,句子本身的结构,2.,上下文，因文制宜，灵活掌握。,如：请体会下面的这句话在两个句子中的翻译。,“没有调查就没有发言权”,(1)“,没有调查就没有发言权”这句话，虽然曾经被人讥为“狭隘经验论”的，我却至今不悔；,Although my assertion,“no investigation,no right to speak”,has been ridiculed as“narrow empiricism”,to this day I do not regret having made it;,(2),没有调查研究就没有发言权，我们取消他（陈独秀）的发言权。,He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak,and accordingly we deprived Chen Duxiu of that right.,请同学们试着翻译一下吧,!,上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市。改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展，社会秩序稳定，人民安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华气象。今天，尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的世人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。,1.,上海是一座,朝气蓬勃,、,充满活力,、,多姿多彩,的国际大都市。,dynamic,vigorous and versatile,vigor,vitality and variety,Shanghai is a,dynamic,vigorous and versatile,international metropolis.,Shanghai is an international metropolis full of,vigor,vitality and variety,.,2.,改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。,解析：“上海变化之大”为本句的主语，但为了行文连贯的需要可以用“上海”作为主语，“变化之大”译作名词短语，表示“令人瞩目”的成因,Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy,Shanghai has,attracted worldwide attention for its tremendous changes.,Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy,Shanghai has,witnessed tremendous changes which attracted worldwide attention.,3.,经济高速发展，社会秩序稳定，人民安居乐业，,呈现出一片繁华气象。,解析：,并列名词短语,The economy is developing rapidly,the social order is stable,and the people live and work in peace and contentment,presenting a scene of prosperity.,（并列,+,分词结构）,With rapid,economic development,stable social order and peaceful and contented life for its people,Shanghai,presents a scene of great prosperity.,（补充主语译为主句）,4.,今天，尽管上海还有着不少,色彩斑斓,的过去可以,留恋和回味,，但城市,日新月异,的面貌却,使,越来越多的,世人折服,。,解析：形容词的翻译，转折连词的使用,Today,while,Shanghai still has many remnants of its,colorful past,for people,to,ponder over,its,ever-changing outlook,has filled more and more people with great admiration.,5.,浦西展示了,上海,的辉煌岁月，浦东展现了,上海,的美好前景。,解析：避免重复,Puxi exhibits the,citys,glorious past,and Pudong unfolds,its,bright future.,6.,上海就像一轮红日，,光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。,解析：,“光芒四射，鲜艳夺目”是对一轮红日的具体描述。可译为定语从句或分词结构；或为这两个短语添加主语“上海”译为主句,Shanghai is like a rising sun,shining with boundless radiance and brilliant color.,Shanghai is like a rising sun,which,shines with boundless radiance and brilliant color.,Like a rising sun,Shanghai is shining with boundless radiance and brilliant color.,练习题：,采用适当的方式翻译下列无主句,我身边的桌子上点着一盏灯，灯旁放着一只小盒子。,On the table beside me a lamp was burning and near it lay a small box.,屋内悄无一人，只听见钟在滴答滴答地走着。,No one was in the room,and only the tick of a clock could be heard.,没有矛盾，就没有世界。,Without contradiction,nothing would exist.,活到老，学到老。,One is never too old to learn.,必须保证,8,小时睡眠。,Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed.,发现了错误，一定要改正。,Mistakes must be corrected when they are discovered.,禁止停车,No Parking,没有调查研究就没有发言权。,He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.,为建设一个伟大的社会主义国家而奋斗！,Strive to build a great socialist country!,不努力便不会成功。,One can never succeed without making efforts.,前面坐着一位老人。,Ahead sat an old man.,留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。,As long as the green mountains are there,one need not worry about the firewood.,While there is life,there is hope.,以其人之道，还治其人之身。,Deal with a man as he deals with you.,Pay someone back in his own coin.,Give him the dose of his own medicine.,不入虎穴，焉得虎子。,How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tigers lair?,Nothing venture,nothing have.,不忘阶级苦！,Never forget the bitterness of class oppression!,必须认真做好建厂以前的准备工作。,Before the factory set up,the preparations must be made in real earnest.,调整语序,COMMING SOON,</p>