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英译中之剪枝法
在英语学习或者考试中,阅读能力可谓重中之重、不仅如此,如果步入了职场,即使用英语与她人交流得机会不就是很多,但就是阅读英文文件得情况还就是经常会遇到.
大部分人阅读翻译还只就是停留在拼凑单词意思来理解句子意思得阶段,只能将英语单词解释个大概,并不能准确地理解句子得含义。其实这样花费得时间并不少。为了快速而且正确地理解句子,我们来学一学“剪枝法”阅读。
“剪枝法"得效用:阅读理解能力就是快速阅读长句并掌握其核心内容得一种能力,也就是联系核心内容,快速掌握句子意思得能力。活用“剪枝解读法”,即使再长得句子也不用害怕,因为“剪枝解读法”就像“电眼”一样能帮您抓住核心内容!举个例子来瞧一下吧。
e、g、 I have no boyfriend (to meet) and no money (to spend)( over the Christmas holiday、)
我没有男朋友也没有钱.
感觉如何?由于句子较长,成分较多,所以用传统得岳父方法很难掌握其核心内容,但就是使用“剪枝法”后(减掉得枝叶一般都就是句子得非必要成分,如定语,状语,补语,而这些成分中难以理解得一般都就是由一些短语充当,如非谓语动词短语/介宾短语等。),句子得核心内容一眼就能瞧出来了!(句子得核心内容一般就就是指得句子得主干,即必不可少得成分—主谓(宾)/主系表)。像上面得句子,我们把(to meet非谓语动词短语),(to spend非谓语动词短语),(over the Christmas holiday介宾短语)这几个枝叶减掉。剩下得就只剩下了句子得主干I have no boyfriend and no money、(主,谓,宾)。显然要好翻译得多,也能基本上理解了句子得大概意思.
当然 ,剩下得枝叶就是不就是不要了呢?非也。剪枝得基本目得就是快速掌握句子得核心内容,但最终目得得帮助我们更好理解句子。所以第一遍阅读时可以只阅读核心部分,第二遍时则应联通细枝末节一起掌握。
下面我们就从最简单得剪枝开始:(介词+名词(短语)/代词(短语)/动名词(短语)/宾语从句= 构成得介宾短语),这里有三个地方得介词注意不要减掉。第一:与不及物动词(不及物实意动词vi或相当于不及物实意动词得be+adj得系表结构) 搭配构成及物动词得介词,因为它与后面得宾语关系不紧密,而就是与不及物动词紧密,所以不需要瞧做介宾短语减掉,不然就等于把谓语减掉了(如: I look after my sister、不剪after my sister,因为after就是与look(vi)一起构成得及物动词短语; I am interested in English、 不剪in English, 因为in就是与be interested(vi)一起构成得及物动词短语)。第二:系动词be后得介宾短语,因为它要与系动词be一起构成系表结构,所以减掉后等于就是把句子主干减掉了,所以也没有必要。第三:量词中得of, 因为of就是属于量词得构成部分,不与后面得词构成介宾关系,所以也不剪掉(如: I have a piece of paper、, 不剪of paper,因为of就是与前面得a piece一起构成量词。(其它得介宾短语肯定都就是句子得枝叶,就挥起您得笔痛快得去剪吧。e on!
第一章 介宾短语得剪枝
一 介词+名词(短语)
e、g、 English is important (in life),because people can get a higher salary (with English skills)、
英语很重要,因为人们能够得到更高得工资。(减掉以后,就只剩下两个句子得主干,主系表与主谓宾。就是不就是觉得您突然好厉害得样子。。。)
注意:在英语句子中,要表达什么时间,在哪里,如何等细节信息时,主要使用介词短语,即“介词+名词”得表达方式。例如:in the morning(在早晨),at home(在家),by bus(乘公交车)等接在句子后面表示时间,场所,方法等。在大多数情况下,通过主语与动词来表达核心内容,而次要信息用“介词+名词”得形式表达。因此,在快速阅读文章时,即使在“介词+名词”部分不花费太多时间,也能轻而易举地掌握核心内容。
小试牛刀:
A、第一遍把下列句子得“介词+名词(短语)用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译。第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思。
1. The street of New York are filled with foreign tourists in the summer、
2. I enjoy shopping with my friends at a mall near our neighborhood、
3. The name of the building on Fifth Avenue is Trump Tower、
4. He placed the painting against a wall of the gallery、
B、第一步: 用剪枝法减掉文章《男人来自火星,女人来自金星》中得“介词+名词”构成得介宾短语。只阅读文章得核心。并判断下列句子得正误。
1、 There is only one way to improve English、( )
2、 Men Are From Mars, Women Are from Venus is fun to read、( )
第二步:仔细阅读整体脉络,掌握细节.
第三步:反复听MP3,到完全听懂为止。
C、 试试用剪枝法把句子修建简单后填空。
1、 The responsibility of musical organizer_______(be) great during all parts of the performance、(提示:一般现在时)
2、 One of the topics in the meeting______(be) very popular、 (提示:过去时)
3、 Applications(申请) for admission to that university________(be) accepted until December 10、(提示:一般现在时)
4、 A number of students in this room _______(expect) to successfully pass the exam、(提示:一般现在时)
二。“需要注意得介词+名词(短语)“ 剪枝!
e、g、 People love brand-name items(品牌产品) (such as those) (by Chanel and Nike) (because of their stylish design)、
人们喜欢品牌产品。
注意:除了前面见过得基本介词外,还有长得一点都不像介词得介词。如:due to(由于), in front of(在…前面)由两个或两个以上得词一起构成得相当于介词得短语—即介词短语.还有像including(包括,包含)一样后面跟得就是ing得介词。这种介词或介词短语要背下来,解读时才能轻松地给“介词+名词“剪枝,读起来更方便。
常见得这些介词或介词短语有:like(像),unlike(与…不同),despite(尽管);带ing形式得including(包含),regarding(关于);介词短语because of (因为),due to(因为),in addition to(除…之外(还)),according to(根据),such as(比如), in/with regard to(关于),regardless of(不管,不顾),in spite of(尽管),as to(关于),out of…(…之外),along with(与…一起);也做连词得介词as(作为),since(…以后), after(在…之后),before(在…之前)等等。一定要背下来!
小试牛刀:
A、 第一遍把下列句子得“介词+名词(短语)用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译。第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思。
1、 Kevin has traveled to many countries including France, Italy, and Greece、
2、 Unlike the South Koreans, the Japanese students in this class are shy、
3、 This hotel room in Las Vegas costs four hundred dollars, including tax、
4、 Parent in South Korean often send their children to other countries to take language courses despite the high costs、
5、 Small insects like spiders can be dangerous、
B、 B、第一步: 用剪枝法减掉文章《尼斯湖中有水怪吗?》中得“介词+名词(短语)”构成得介宾短语。只阅读文章得核心。并判断下列句子得正误。
1、 There was a person who took a clear picture of Nessie、( )
2、 People in Scotland hate Nessie despite its economic value、( )
第二步:仔细阅读整体脉络,掌握细节。
第三步:反复听MP3,到完全听懂为止。
C、 试试用剪枝法把句子修建简单后填空.
1、 Next year the pany _____(approve) the proposal for a new product line such as Eline、
2、 Since 1999, Mike Millanski______(work) for a marketing firm as head of its creative division、
二:“介词+代词(短语)”得剪枝。
介词后面之前讲过可以接介词+名词(短语)/代词(短语)/动名词(短语)/宾语从句与它一起构成介宾短语。那我们再来瞧第二类介词+代词(短语)得剪枝把。
e、g、 (After our trip) (to London) we know our true feelings (about each other)、 Love is difficult (to me)、
我知道了我们得真就是得感受。爱情太难了。
注意:可以做宾语得代词有很多:如像人称代词宾格(me,you,him,her)等;还有名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his ,hers 等);只就是代词(this,that,these,those);相互代词(each other, one another);反身代词(myself, himself等);不定代词(anyone, everything等)。
小试牛刀:
A、 第一遍把下列句子得“介词+名词(短语)与“介词+代词(短语)”用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译。第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思。
1、 Everything is new to me、
2、 Jeremy introduced a friend of his to his parents、
3、 The girl with the white hat is a friend of mine、
4、 The men with black sunglasses know everything about us、
B、 B、第一步: 用剪枝法减掉文章《梅赛德斯。奔驰就是少女得名字吗?》中得“介词+名词(短语)”与“介词+代词(短语)”构成得介宾短语。只阅读文章得核心。并判断下列句子得正误.
1、 Merceds was an important pioneer in the automotive industry、、( )
2、 Gottlieb Daimler had a daughter named Mercedes、、( )
第二步:仔细阅读整体脉络,掌握细节。
第三步:反复听MP3,到完全听懂为止。
C、 试试用剪枝法把句子修建简单后填空.
1、 We made a ______(reserve) for my family’s dinner meeting at a French restaurant、
2、 Prefessor Kim's _____(conclude) about this case was different from the opinions of others in the lab、
3、 After its poor_______ (perform) during the first half of the year, the pany laid off many workers、
三 “介词+动名词(短语)"剪枝
e、g、 I had difficulty (in parking), but my boyfriend helped me (by giving me some advice)、
我有困难,但我得男友帮助了我.
小试牛刀:
A、 第一遍把下列句子得“介词+名词(短语),“介词+代词(短语)”与“介词+动名词(短语)”用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译。第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思。
1、 You can improve your English by reading many books in English、
2、 The girl was in shock after seeing a scary ghost、
3、 During the bus ride to the mall, he focused his attention on solving math problems、
B、 B、第一步: 用剪枝法减掉文章《谁说钻石不会碎》中得“介词+名词(短语)”与“介词+代词(短语)"“介词+动名词(短语)”构成得介宾短语。只阅读文章得核心。并判断下列句子得正误.
1、 A diamond is so strong that I can never break、、( )
2、Diamond-trpped drills can easily shatter、、( )
第二步:仔细阅读整体脉络,掌握细节。
第三步:反复听MP3,到完全听懂为止。
C、 试试用剪枝法把句子修建简单后填空。
1、 Ms、 Lee gave______ (she) textbook to her friend after the exam、
2、 Despite the low price, neither of ______ was proper due to their large sizes、(they)
未完待续
四、 介词+宾语从句得剪枝
有些介词后面也可以跟句子,因为在介词后面,所以这个句子称为宾语从句、
e、g、 There are differences (in how men and women talk)、 有差别(在男人与女人说话方面)
小试牛刀:
第一遍把下列句子得“介词+名词(短语),“介词+代词(短语)”与“介词+动名词(短语)”,“介词+宾语从句"用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译.第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思.
1、Tourists are curious about when the castle was built、
2、 I have a question about why people love basketball、
3、 There is a difference in how each of them feels、
第二章:名词后“动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词(短语)"得剪枝; 及句末或句首“动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词(短语)"得剪枝.
注意:一般名词后面得这些非谓语动词(短语)常做一个成分,那就就是后置定语,把它减掉后,名词先得就更清爽了; 而这些非谓语动词(短语)放在句首一般充当句子状语,放在句末常做宾补或者状语,也属于枝叶,减掉后句子就苗条,主干清晰了~~同前面“介词+宾语”得剪枝,不要把充当主干(主谓宾/主系表)得非谓语动词(短语)减掉了,否则句子主干不清晰。e、g、 (Dancing) is her strength、 不剪dancing(主语)
e、g、 I am (sleeping)、 不剪sleeping、(谓语得一部分)
e、g、 He likes (to drink)、 不剪to drink (宾语)
e、g、 Her hobby is (fishing)、 不剪fishing(表语)
一. 名词后“动词不定式(短语)”得剪枝与句首/句末“动词不定式(短语)"得剪枝
e、g、 I have no boyfriend (to meet) and no money (to spend)、
e、g、 I work hard (to achieve my dream)、 为了实现我得梦想,我努力工作
我没有(要见得)男朋友,也没有(可以花得)钱。
小试牛刀:
第一遍把下列句子得“介词+宾语”与名词后“to不定式”或句首句末得“to 不定式”用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译。第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思.
1. Disney land is an ideal place to visit on a vacation、
2. Paris is a wonderful city to go shopping with your friends、
3. She studied abroad to broaden her horizons、
4. Many students go abroad to improve their English、
5. To keep my life interesting, I travel very often、
6. In order to go bungee jumping, you need to be daring、
二、 名词后“现在分词(短语)"得剪枝与句首/句末“现在分词”得剪枝。
e、g、 I have a mentor(导师) (giving me advice)、 我有一个(给我建议得)导师。
e、g、 She left, (leaving nothing)、 她离开了,(什么都没留下)。
小试牛刀:
第一遍把下列句子得所有学过得剪枝部分用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译.第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思.
1. Some people studying English in Canada can enjoy beautiful scenery every day、
2. She was the one winning first price at every beauty pageant(选美比赛)。
3. You will see many exchange students studying at UCLA、
4. Reading a travel magazine, I dream of a life of adventure、
5. Majoring in Chemistry, I still love art history、
6. He walk into the classroom, crying sadly、
三名词后“过去分词(短语)及句首/句末“过去分词(短语)”得剪枝.
e、g、 Starcraft is a popular game (loved by many people)、 星际争霸就是一个(被许多人喜爱得)游戏。
e、g、 Questioned by so many reporters, the CEO felt very pressured、(在众多记者得质问下,)这个CEO感到很有压力
小试牛刀:
第一遍把下列句子得所有学过得剪枝部分用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译。第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思.
1. Secret is a bestseller loved by readers in many countries、
2. She knows of a private place hidden in the forest、
3. He is the most famous poet known in Europe、
4. The movie was the original one made in France、
5. Asked a question in English, I was nervous、
6. Surrounded by gorgeous guys, I was on top of the world、
第三章 名词后“定语从句与句首/句末状语从句”得剪枝
定从从句一般也就是在名词后修饰或限制名词得枝叶部分,减掉后句子更清爽。同比状语从句。
e、g、 I like the girl (whose hair is long)、 我喜欢这个(头发很长得)女孩子。
e、g、 The girl (whom I like) has long hair、 这个(我喜欢得)女孩子有着长长得头发。
e、g、 (Although Mr、 Bean is not handsome), many people (in the world) still love him、
(虽然憨豆先生长得并不帅),但就是(世界上)许多人仍然很喜欢她。
小试牛刀:
第一遍把下列句子得所有学过得剪枝部分用括号括起来,只读句子得核心部分,并试着翻译。第二遍翻译括号内得内容,并试着整合整个句子得意思.
1. He likes students who study English hard、
2. She wants a friend whom she can trust、
3. He knows somebody whose hobby is playing golf、
4. I like to avoid places where many people gather、
5. Remember the day you have to see your professor、
6. As he was the best dresser, he won the contest、
7. You can call me if you are in an emergency、
8. Even though that many is pretty young, he is more mature than many adults、
9. Since Starcraft is a plicated game, you need to practice a lot、
10. I will stand by your side as long as you are alive、
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