莎士比亚.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,William Shakespeare,1564-1616,“All the world s a stage,And all the men and women,merely players.”,1.Shakespeares literary position,In western literary history,only very individual writers,have qualified say:without him,the literature will become another way.,Shakespeare is one of the most qualified.,Shakespeare is the greatest,playwright and poet in the world,of the history.,2.Shakespeares life,(,1564-1616),Birthplace,The son of groceries businessman in the town,18 married,Leaving home for London to make living at about 22,Starting writing plays at about 30 years old,5 years later,becoming universal shareholder of troupe.,The New Globe Theater,The life of Shakespeare,Arrive in London in 1586,Well-known in 1581,Died on the 23rd of April,1616,A respected poet and playwright in his own day,but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century.,His work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance.His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly,studied,performed,and,reinterpreted,in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world,About his works,The works of William Shakespeare are a great land mark in the history of world literature.He was the first founders of,realism(,现实主义,),，,a masterhood at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations.,Karl Marx regarded Aeschylus and Shakespeare as“the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever know.”,Shakespeare took stories from old sources such as old drama,novel,chronicles(,编年史,)and folk legends.,（民间传说,)Under Shakespeares pen,those stories assumed new meaning and significance.,In the expression of art,he inherited three traditions of the dramas of ancient Greece and Rome,medieval Britain and the European Renaissance and developed,innovating creatively from the content to the form.His plays try hard to reflect,the,true life,and explore,the inner mysteries,thus can figure out many diverse and complex personalities,vivid characters that represent the typical figure and social life.,During the twenty-two years of his literary work he produced 37 plays,two narrative poems and 154 sonnets.,His literary work may be divided into three major periods,：,The first period(1590-1600),The second period(1601-1608),The third period(1609-1612),His early plays were mainly comedies and histories,he raised to the,peak,of sophistication and artistry,（复杂性和艺术性）,by the end of the sixteenth century.,He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608,including,Hamlet,(1601),Othello,(1604),King Lear,(1605),and,Macbeth,(1605),considered some of the finest works in the English language,3.Shakespeares writing,1)154 sonnets,two long poem,poetry,十四行诗（,The Sonnets,）,爱人的怨诉（,A Lovers Complaint,）,鲁克丽丝失贞记（,The Rape of Lucrece,）,维纳斯和阿多尼斯（,Venus and Adonis,）,热情的朝圣者（,The Passionate Pilgrim,凤凰和斑鸠,（,The Phoenix and the Turtle,）,Sonnet:,a,lyric,poem comprising 3 quatrains with a rhyming scheme,ababcdcdefef,And a couplet rhyming,gg,2)Histories,Representative works:Henry IV,Richard III,histories,亨利四世，第一卷（,Henry IV,part 1,）,亨利四世，第二卷（,Henry IV,part 2,）,亨利五世（,Henry V,）,亨利六世，第一卷（,Henry VI,part 1,）,亨利六世，第二卷（,Henry VI,part 2,）,亨利六世，第三卷（,Henry VI,part 3,）,亨利八世（,Henry VIII,）,约翰国王（,King John,）,理查德二世（,Richard II,）,理查德三世（,Richard III,）,3)Comedy,The merchant of Venice,midsummer nights dream,happy,twelfth night,Comedies,错中错,(,The Comedy of Errors,),皆大欢喜,(,Alls Well That Ends Well,),如愿,(,As You Like It,),仲夏夜梦,(,A Midsummer Nights Dream,),无事生非,(,Much Ado About Nothing,),一报还一报,(,Measure for Measure,第十二夜,(,Twelfth Night or What You Will,),威尼斯商人,(,The Merchant of Venice,),空爱一场,(,Loves Labors Lost,),冬天的故事,(,The Winters Tale,),威尼斯商人,第十二夜,4)Tragedy,Hamlet,Othello,Macbeth,king Lear,Tragedies,罗密欧与朱丽叶,(,Romeo and Juliet,),麦克白,(,Macbeth,),李尔王,(,King Lear,),哈姆雷特,(,Hamlet,),奥赛罗,(,Othello,),考利欧雷诺斯,(,Coriolanus,),特洛伊勒斯与克芮丝德,(,Troilus and Cressida,),雅典的泰蒙,(,Timon of Athens,),诗,李尔王,哈姆雷特,The summit of Shakespeares artHamlet,To be or not to be:that is the question.,Meaning:Is it possible or not?Is he alive or not?,Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.,Meaning:The life of leaders isnt easy.Having many responsibilities,leaders often cant sleep well.,“,To be,or not to be,comes from Hamlet,act three,scene one.It is one of the most famous quotations in world literature and the best-known of this particular play.,Which play shows this picture?,Yes,its,King Lear,The play is based on the legend of Leir of Britain,a mythological(,神话的,)pre-Roman Celtic king.It has been widely adapted for stage and screen,with the part of Lear played by many of the worlds most accomplished actors.,King Lear mourns Cordelias death,The tragic ending:,5,）,Tragicomedy(straight part),Romeo and Juliet,Tragicomedy,:,Pure forms of tragedy and comedy have rarely appeared in modern drama.Most British and American plays offer some mixture of the two forms.When the,patterns,and,emotions,are mixed,the play is called a,tragicomedy,.,罗密欧与朱丽叶,The tragic lovers:,Romeo and Juliet,Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written early in the career of playwright William Shakespeare about two young star-crossd lovers1 whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families.It was among Shakespeares most popular plays during his lifetime and,along with Hamlet and Macbeth,is one of his most frequently performed plays.Today,the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.,The tragic ending:,Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity.Its plot is based on an Italian tale,translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562,and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1582.Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both,but developed supporting characters,particularly Mercutio and Paris,in order to expand the plot.,Tips:,1.To be or not to be,，,thats a question,.,生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题,2.Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.,宁为聪明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才子。,3.,Cowards before death,in good times already dead,The valiant only once in every thing,died in peoples,afraid to die is a most strange things.,懦夫在未死以前，就已经死了好多次；勇士一生只死一次，,在一切怪事中，人们的贪生怕死就是一件最奇怪的事情。,