工热名词-英语.docx_咨信网zixin.com.cn

资源描述

重要热力学概念及定理英文表述（Key thermodynamic Concepts and Laws） • Energy and Specific Energy 能量和比能量 • Energy Transfer Rate(1W=1J/s, kW) 功率 • Thermodynamics 热力学 • Mass and Density 质量和密度 • Length 长度 • Velocity 速度 • Volume (Specific Volume) 体积（比体积） • Force 力 • Pressure 压强 • Specific Heat 比热 • Universal Gas Constant(8.314 kJ/kmol∙K) 通用气体常数 • Temperature 温度 • System, Surroundings, Boundary 热力系，外界，界面 • Closed System, Isolated System, Control Volume 闭口系，孤立系，控制体积 • Property, State, Process, Steady state, Extensive property, Intensive property 状态参数，状态，过程，稳态，广延量，强度量 • Equilibrium, Equilibrium state 平衡，平衡状态 • Base unit/mass, time, length, force 基本单位/质量，时间，长度，力 • Specific volume 比容 • Molar basis 基于摩尔的 • Pressure/Absolute pressure, Gage pressure, Vacuum pressure 压力/绝对压力，表压力，真空度 • Temperature/Thermal(heat) interaction, Thermal equilibrium 温度热交换热平衡 • Zeroth law of thermodynamics 热力学第零定律 • Kelvin scale, Celsius scale, Fahrenheit scale, Triple point 开尔文温度，摄氏度，华氏温标，三相点 • Thermometers 温度计 • Work, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy 功，动能，重力势能 • Thermodynamic definition of work, sign convention for work 功的热力学定义， • W > 0: work done by the system 热力系对外界做功 • W < 0: work done on the system 外界对热力系做功 • Work is not a property 功不是状态参数 • Power(the rate of energy transfer), units for power(J/s)功率（能量转换率） • Expansion or Compression Work δW = pAdx=pdV 膨胀功，压缩功 • Quasi-equilibrium process 准平衡态过程 • Energy transfer by heat, Sign convention for heat transfer • Q > 0, heat transfer to the system热量传递给热力系 • Q < 0, heat transfer from the system热力系放出热量 • Heat is not a property 热量不是状态参数 • First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律 • Energy balance 能量守恒 • Internal energy 内能 • Thermodynamic cycle 热力学循环 • Power cycle 动力循环 • Thermal efficiency 热效率 • Refrigeration and heat pump cycle 制冷和热泵循环 • coefficient of performance for refrigeration and heat pump 制冷系数，供热系数 • Phase 相 • State principle • Simple compressible systems 简单可压缩系统 • p-v-T surface p-v-T面 • Two-phase regions两相区 • Saturation state 饱和状态 • Saturation temperature饱和温度 • Saturation pressure饱和压力 • Critical point 临界点 • p-v diagram P-V图 • T-s diagram T-S图 • Subcooled liquid, compressed liquid 过冷液体 • Two-phase liquid-vapor mixture 气液两相混合 • Quality x 干度 • Superheated vapor 过热蒸汽 • Enthalpy焓 • Reference state 对应状态 • Reference values 对应状态值 • Ideal gas model 理想气体模型 • Specific heat 比热 • Compressibility factor (Z) 压缩因子 • Reduced pressure (pr=p/pc) 相对压力 • Reduced temperature (Tr=T/Tc) 相对温度 • Generalized Compressibility Chart [Z=f(pr, Tr)] 通用压缩因子图 • Ideal gas equation of state 理想气体状态方程 • Polytropic process 多变过程 • Conservation of mass 质量守恒 • Mass flow rate 质量流量 • Mass rate balance 稳流 • Volumetric flow rate 体积流量 • Flow work 流动功 • One-dimensional flow 一元流动 • Time-dependent (transient) state和时间相关的状态 • Energy rate balance • Nozzle 喷管 • Diffuser 扩压管 • Compressor 压缩机 • Pump 泵 • Throttling process 节流过程 • Turbine 汽轮机 • Heat exchanger换热器 • Second law of thermodynamics 热力学第二定律 • Clausius statement 克劳修斯表述 • Kelvin-Plank statement 开尔文-普朗克表述 • Thermal reservoir 热库 • Entropy statement of the second law 第二定律熵的表述 • Irreversible process 不可逆过程 • Reversible process 可逆过程 • Internal and external irreversibility 内部不可逆外部不可逆 • Irreversibility 不可逆性 • Carnot corollaries 卡诺定理 • Carnot cycle(Carnot power cycle, Carnot refrigeration and heat pump cycle) 卡诺循环（卡诺动力循环，卡诺制冷和热泵循环） • Clausius inequality 克劳修斯不等式 • Entropy change 熵变 • First TdS equation (TdS=dU+pdV) 第一熵变方程 • Second TdS equation (TdS=dH-Vdp) 第二熵变方程 • Entropy production 熵产 • Entropy transfer accompanying heat transfer热产引起熵产 • Entropy/ Entropy rate balance熵平衡 • Increase of entropy principle 熵增原理 • Isentropic process 等熵过程 • Exergy ( Exergy is the maximum theoretical work obtainable from a overall system consisting of a system and the environment as the system comes into equilibrium with the environment, or passes to the dead state) 火用 • Environment 外界 • Dead state 死态 • Specific exergy 比火用 • Exergy transfer 火用传递 • Exergy destruction 火用损 • Exergy rate balance 火用平衡 • Rankine cycle 郎肯循环 • Boiler, condenser 锅炉，冷凝器 • Superheat and reheat 过热回热 • Gas power cycle(system) 气体动力循环 • Spark-ignition, compression-ignition 点燃式，压燃式 • Compression ratio 压缩比 • Internal combustion engine 内燃机 • Air-standard analysis 空气标准分析 • Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Dual cycle 奥托循环，狄塞尔循环，混合循环 • Gas turbine, Brayton Cycle, reheat 燃气轮机，布雷顿循环，回热 • Velocity of Sound 声速 • Mach number 马赫数 • Momentum equation 动量方程 • Throat 喉部 • Converging nozzle 渐缩喷管 • Converging-diverging nozzle 缩放喷管 • Diverging nozzle渐放喷管 • Back pressure 背压 • Compressible flow 可压缩流动 • Subsonic and supersonic flow 亚音速流动超音速流动 • Stagnation state 停滞状态 • Normal shock 激波 • Refrigeration and heat pump systems 制冷系统热泵系统 • Vapor refrigeration system 蒸汽制冷系统 • Vapor-Compression refrigeration蒸气压缩式制冷 • Ideal vapor-compression cycle理想蒸汽压缩循环 • Refrigerant制冷剂 • Gas refrigeration cycle气体制冷循环 • Equations of state 状态方程 • Virial equation 维里方程 • Van der Waals equation范德瓦尔斯方程 • Helmholtz function f=u-Ts亥姆霍兹函数 • Gibbs function g=h-Ts吉布斯函数 • Maxwell relations麦克斯韦关系 • Isothermal process: A process during which the temperature T remains constant. 等温过程：过程中，温度保持不变。 • Isobaric process: A process during which the pressure P remains constant. 等压过程：过程中的压力保持不变。 • Isochoric (or isometric) process: A process during which the specific volume v remains constant 等容过程：过程中所处的比体积V保持不变 • Ideal Gas mixtures 理想气体混合 • Dalton model 道尔顿模型 • Partial pressure 分压 • Partial volume 分体积 • Psychrometric(The study of systems involving dry air and water) • Moist air湿空气 • Saturated air 饱和空气 • Humidity 湿度 • Humidity ratio 含湿量 • Relative humidity 相对湿度 • Due point temperature 露点温度 • Wet-bulb temperature湿球温度 • Dry-bulb temperature干球温度 • Mass fraction质量分数 • Mole fraction摩尔分数 • Psychrometric chart焓湿图 • Thermodynamics: The science of energy. • Energy: The ability to cause changes. • Conservation of energy principle:During an interaction, energy can change from one form to another but the total amount of energy remains constant. 能量守恒定律：能量能够从一种形式转换成另一种形式，但是总量不变。 • Energy cannot be created or destroyed.能量既不能产生也不能被破坏（消灭） • The first law of thermodynamics: An expression of the conservation of energy principle.热力学第一定律：能量守恒定律的一种表述。 • The first law asserts that energy is a thermodynamic property. • Clausius Statement of the Second Law：It is impossible for any system to operate in such a way that the sole result would be an energy transfer by heat from a cooler to a hotter body. 克劳修斯的表述：不可能将热量由低温物体传送到高温物体而不引起其它变化。 • Kelvin-Planck Statement of the Second Law：It is impossible for any system to operate in a thermodynamic cycle and deliver a net amount of energy by work to its surroundings while receiving energy by heat transfer from a single thermal reservoir. 开尔文-普朗克的表述：不可能制造出从单一热源吸热而使之全部转变为功的循环发动机；第二类动机是不可能制成的 • Entropy Statement of the Second Law：It is impossible for any system to operate in a way that entropy is destroyed. 自然界中的一切实际过程总是自发地、不可逆地朝着使孤立系熵增加地方向进行。

展开阅读全文