助动词和情态动词备用省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Grammar,Grammar,1/62,语法特征,1.,情态动词没有些人称和数改变,即情态动词第三人称单数不加,-s,(have to,have got to,be able to,除外,),。,2/62,2.,情态动词本身含有一定词义,但意思不够完整,不能单独做谓语,后接动词原形一起组成谓语部分,(ought to,have to/have got to,be able to,除外,),。,3.,情态动词无非谓语形式,即无不定式、分词等形式。,3/62,Sum up,1.can,和,be able to,1)can(could),表示能力、可能,只用于现在式和过去式,2)be able to,能够用于各种时态。,4/62,只用,be able to,情况：,a.,位于助动词后。,Has/have been able to,b.,情态动词后。,We,must/may,be,able,to,Show How Science is,Beneficial,to,c.,用于句首表示条件。,Being able to,get the tickets for that Hockey game,I am very excited now.,能买到那个冰球比赛票，我现在非常激动。,d.,表示成功地做了某事时,只能用,was/were able to,不能用,could,。,5/62,注意,:,could,还可,不表示时态,只表示,1),提出委婉请求,回答中不可用,could,。,-,Could,I have the television on?,-Yes,you,can,./No,you,cant,.,2),在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。,He,couldnt,be a bad man.,6/62,2.may,和,might,1),表示允许或请求,;,表示没有把握推测,;may,放在句首,表示祝福。,e.g.,May,God bless you!,He,might,be at home.,注,:might,表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比,may,小,。,7/62,2),成语,:may/might as well,后面接不带,to,不定式，意为,不妨,。,e.g.If that is the case,we,may as well,try.,8/62,3.have to,和,must,1),两词都是“必须”意思,have to,表示客观需要,must,表示说话人主观上看法,即主观上必要。,e.g.My brother was very ill,so I,had to,call the doctor in the middle of the night.,He said that they,must,work hard.,9/62,2)have to,有些人称、数、时态改变,而,must,只有一个形式。但,must,可用于,间接引语中表示过去必要或义务。,e.g.He,had to,look after his sister yesterday.,10/62,3),在否定结构中：,dont have to,表示“无须”,;mustnt,表示”禁止”。,e.g.You,dont have to,tell him about it.,你无须把这事告诉他。,You,mustnt,tell him about it.,你不能把这事告诉他。,11/62,4.must,表示推测,1)must,用在必定句中表示较有把握推测,意为,“,一定,”,。,2)must,表对现在状态或现在正发生事情推测时,后面通常接系动词,be,原形或行为动词进行时。,12/62,e.g.You have worked hard all day.,You,must,be tired.,（对现在情况推测判断,),He,must,be working in his office.,他一定在办公室工作呢。,比较,:,He,must be staying,there.,他现在必定呆在那儿。,He,must stay,there.,他必须呆在那儿。,表推测,不表推测,13/62,3)must,表示对已发生事情推测时,要接完成时。,e.g.I didnt hear the phone.I,must have been,asleep.,4)must,表示对过去某时正发生事情推测,后面要接不定式完成进行时。,14/62,e.g.-Why didnt you answer my phone call?,-Well,I,must have been,sleeping,so I didnt hear it.,5),否定推测用,cant.,e.g.If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock,he,cant,be home yet.,15/62,5.,表示推测使用方法,can,could,may,might,must,皆可表,示推测,其使用方法以下：,1),情态动词,+,动词原形,表示对现在或未来情况推测,此时动词通常为系动词。,e.g.I dont know where she is.She,may be,in Wuhan.,16/62,2),情态动词,+,动词进行时,表示对现在或未来正在进行情况进行推测。,e.g.At this moment,our teacher,must be correcting,our exam papers.,17/62,3),情态动词,+,动词完成时,表示对过去情况推测。,e.g.The road is wet.It,must have rained,last night.,4),情态动词,+,动词完成进行时,表示对过去正在发生事情推测。,e.g.Your mother,must have been,looking for,you.,18/62,5),推测否定形式,疑问形式用,cant,couldnt,表示。,e.g.Mike,cant have found,his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.,注,:could,might,表示推测时不表示时态,其推测必定程度不如,can,may,。,19/62,6.,情态动词,+have+,过去分词,1)may(might)have+done sth.,can(could)have+done sth.,表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生事情。,e.g.Philip,may(might)have been hurt,seriously in the car accident.,Philip,can(could)have been hurt,seriously in the car accident.,20/62,2)must have+done sth.,表示对过去时间里可能发生事情推测,语气较强,含有,“,必定,”,意思。,e.g.-Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.,-She,must have gone,by bus.,21/62,3)ought to have done sth./should have done sth.,本应该做某事,而实际上并没有做,;,否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。,e.g.You,ought to(should)have been,more careful in this experiment.,He,ought not to have thrown,the old clothes away.(,实际上已扔了。,),注,:ought to,在语气上比,should,要强。,22/62,4)neednt have done sth.,本没必要做某事,e.g.I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I,neednt have done,so.The weather was hot.,5)would like to have done sth.,本打算做某事,e.g.I,would like to have read,the article,but I was very busy then.,23/62,7.should,和,ought to,should,和,ought to,都为“应该”意思,可用于各种人称。,e.g.-,Ought,he,to,go?,-Yes.I think he ought to.,表示要求,命令时,语气由,should(,应,该,),、,(had better,最好,),、,must(,必须,),渐强。,24/62,8.,had better,表示“最好”,had better,相当于一个助动词,它只有一个形式,它后面要跟动词原形。,had better(not)do sth.,25/62,e.g.It is pretty cold.,Youd better put on my coat.,Shed better,not play,with the dog,.,had better have done sth,.,表示与事实相反结果,意为“(过去)原来最好”。,e.g.You,had better have come,earlier.,26/62,9.would rather,表示“宁愿”,would rather(not)do,would ratherthan,宁愿,而不愿,would sooner,had rather,had,sooner,表示,宁愿,、,宁可,意思。,e.g.If I have a choice,I,had sooner not continue,my studies at this school.,27/62,10,.will,和,would,1)would like to do=want to,想要,e.g.,Would you like to go with,me?,2),Will you?/Would you like?,表示必定含义请求劝说时,疑问句中普通用,some,而不是,any,。,e.g.,Would you like,some cake?,28/62,3),否定结构中用,will,普通不用,would,wont you,是一个委婉语气。,e.g.,Wont,you sit down?,29/62,11.,need,和,dare,这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,二者都,惯用于疑问句,否定句和条件句,。并注意回答用,need,提问句子时，必定回答用,must,。,need,作实义动词时后面不定式必须带,to,而,dare,作实义动词用时,后面,to,时常能够被省略,。,30/62,1),实义动词,:need+,n.,/to do sth.,2),情态动词,:need,只用原形,need,后加,do,否定形式为,need not.,e.g.-,Need,you go yet?,-Yes,I,must.,/No,I,neednt.,3)need,want,require,worth(,形容词,),后面接,doing,也能够表示被动。,need doing=need to be done,31/62,I cant find my purse anywhere.,You _ have lost it while shopping.,A.may B.can,C.should D.would,A,32/62,2.Although this _ sound like a simple task,great care is needed.,A.must B.may C.shallD.should,3.You _ be hungry already you,had lunch only two hours ago!,A.wouldnt B.cant,C.mustnt D.neednt,B,B,33/62,4.Im sorry.I _ at you the other,day.,Forget it.I was a bit out of control,myself.,A.shouldnt shout,B.shouldnt have shouted,C.mustnt shout,D.mustnt have shouted,B,34/62,5.According to the air traffic rules,you,_ switch off your mobile phone,before boarding.,A.may B.can C.would D.should,6.When I was young,I was told that I,_ play with matches.,A.wouldnt B.neednt,C.mustnt D.darent,D,C,35/62,7.It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it _ be rather cold sometimes.,A.mustB.can C.should D.would,8.You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book.You _ find the book by the title.,A.must B.need C.can D.would,B,C,36/62,9.What sort of house do you want to have?Something big?,Well,it _ be big thats not important.,A.mustnt B.neednt C.cant D.wont,10.She _ have left school,for her bike is still here.,A.cant B.wouldnt,C.shouldnt D.neednt,B,A,37/62,Exercises,1.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.,A.should B.can,C.must D.will,B,38/62,2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?,A.can B.must,C.need D.may,A,39/62,3.The room is so dirty._we clean it?,Of course.,A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do,4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who _ have taken it?,A.should B.must,C.could D.would,B,C,40/62,5.Is John coming by train?,He should,but he _ not.,He likes driving his car.,A.must B.can,C.need D.may,D,41/62,6.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.,It _ true because there was little snow there.,A.may not be B.wont be,C.couldnt be D.mustnt be,C,42/62,7.It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the paper have been collected.,A.can B.will C.may D.shall,8.I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look?,Yes,certainly.,A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should,D,B,43/62,9.Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach,I _ so much fried chicken just now.,A.shouldnt eat,B.mustnt have eaten,C.shouldnt have eaten,D.mustnt eat,C,44/62,10.I was really anxious about you.You _ home without a word.,A.mustnt leave,B.shouldnt have left,C.couldnt have left,D.neednt leave,B,45/62,11.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen _ be so rude to a lady.,A.might B.need,C.should D.would,12.Write to me when you get home.,_.,A.I must B.I should,C.I will D.I can,C,C,46/62,13.Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?,A.can B.should,C.may D.must,A,47/62,14.Are you coming to Jeffs party?,Im not sure.I _ go to the,concert instead.,A.must B.would,C.should D.might,D,48/62,15.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _ your lecture.,A.couldnt have attended,B.neednt have attended,C.mustnt have attended,D.shouldnt have attended,A,49/62,16.Sorry,Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.,A.might B.should,C.can D.will,A,50/62,17.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You _ come,but why didnt you?,A.must have B.should,C.need have D.ought to have,D,51/62,18.When can I come for the photos?,I need them tomorrow afternoon.,They _ be ready by 12:00.,A.can B.should,C.might D.need,B,52/62,19.I stayed at a hotel while in New,York.,Oh,did you?You _with Barbara.,A.could have stayed,B.could stay,C.would stay,D.must have stayed,A,53/62,20.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.,A.had to B.would,C.was able to D.could,C,54/62,21.Jack _ yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.,A.mustnt have arrived,B.shouldnt have arrived,C.cant have arrived,D.neednt have arrived,C,55/62,22.When he was there,he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday.,A.would B.should,C.had better D.might,A,56/62,23.Sir,you _ be sitting in this waiting room.It is for woman and children only.,A.oughtnt to B.cant C.wont D.neednt,A,57/62,24.Its nearly seven oclock.Jack _ be here at any moment.,A.must B.need,C.should D.can,25.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.,A.dare to say B.dare saying C.not dare say D.dared say,C,D,58/62,26.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I _ for her.,A.had to write it out,B.must have written it out,C.should have written it out,D.ought to write it out,C,59/62,27.Michael _ be a policeman,for he is much too short.,A.neednt B.cant,C.should D.may,B,60/62,suggestions:,could/may/might,shall,necessity:,must,have to,have got to,need,advice:,ought to,had better,61/62,Modal Verbs,possibility:,can/could,may/might,certainty:,must,will,should,ability:,can/could,be able to,permission:,can/could,may/might,requests:,can/could,will/would,62/62,