医学英语速记.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,认识世界的基本方法：,3,“,w,”,原则,what,why,how,what,thrombocytopenia,血小板减少（症）,lymphocytic,淋巴细胞的；淋巴球的,leukemia,白血病,医学英语术语,（,medical term,）,:,上述这些单词来源于希腊或拉丁词根,有特定的医学含义，我们将之统称为,医学英语术语,;,医学术语学,（,medical terminology,）,：,将专门研究它的学问称为医学术语学,:,an introduction to the language of veterinary and human medicine.,上述的医学术语有的人可能不认识，但下面的单词相信您是认识的,carcinoma,癌,hepatitis,肝炎,cholesterol,胆固醇,why,三个数字,10,万：医学辞典,1.0,万：常用医学词汇,0.3,万：每年医学新词,医学英语术语究竟有多少,?,很难说清楚。最常用的恐怕也不下,1,万,条左右，若包括较常用的在内总有数万条；一部比较完全的医学词典，通常都收载有,10,万,条左右的医学词汇。,随着医学及其边缘科学的迅猛发展，新的术语仍在与日俱增。特别是最近几十年来，每年差不多要出现,1000,条左右新术语。因而总的说来，医学英语术语的条数是一个非常可观的数量。,除了上述三个原因以外，还有一个,“,词条冗长,”,的问题。固然有些医学英语术语和普通的英语单词差不多，仅由几个字母或十几个字母组成，通过反复地读和写能够记住它们，但也有不少的医学英语术语，却是长长的一大串,.,例如：,cystoureteropyelone,phritis,膀胱输尿管肾盂肾炎,hepatocholangioente,rostomy,肝管小肠吻合术,请看这样的医学英语术语，一般由,30,个字母组成，如果凭藉我们的记忆能力，硬是把它们一个字母一个字母地连续背下来，显然也不是一件轻松的事。,问题已经摆出来了，一个是数量大，一个是词条长，怎么解决呢,?,我们能不能仔细地研究分析一下这千千万万条医学英语术语的构成规律，找出一条,“,捷径,”,来，使其由多至少、化繁为简、从难变易，以利于我们更快、更多、更好地把它们掌握起来,?,how,to,master medical term rapidly,规律性,medical term,：按构词规则构成的词占,80,；另一部分是人名，药名等构成的词,占,20,；,先介绍几个有关词结构方面的概念。,词根是一个单词的核心,词缀包括前缀和后缀（,prefix and suffix,）,词素（,morpheme,）泛指词根和词缀,一条医学英语术语的构成，“原则上”应该是采用来源一致的词素。,当以两个或两个以上词素构成一条医学英语术语时，为了读音上的便利，常常需要在两个词素之间额外加上一个“连合元音”,(,也叫“复合形”或“结合形”，,combining form),。,一般说来，在两个希腊词素之间常加用元音“,o”,，而在两个拉丁词素之间常加用元音“,i”(,但有时也有例外,),。,第一章 医学英语术语 构词规则,下面先举出几个例子，以便取得一个初步印象。,希腊词素 连合元音 希腊词素 希腊词素,pyel,十,o,十,nephr,十,itis,词根,(,肾盂,),词根,(,肾,),词尾,(,炎,),pyelonephritis,肾盂肾炎,希腊词素 连合元音 希腊词素 连合元音 希腊词素,leuk +o +cyt +o +peria,词根,(,白,),词根,(,细胞,),词尾,(,减少，不足,),1eukocytopenia,白细胞减少,拉丁词素 连合元音 拉丁词素,mult,十,i,十,para,词根,(,多,),词尾,(,产，产妇,)multipara,多产妇,拉丁词素 连合元音 希腊词素 希腊词素,fibr,十,o,十,chondr +itis,词根,(,纤维,),词根,(,软骨,),词尾,(,炎,)fibrochondritis,纤维软骨炎,医学术语分类,从属关系：词根,+,词缀关系,并列关系：词根,+,词根,从属关系：词根,+,词缀关系,gastr+o+itis,gastritis,胃炎,规则一：,后缀以元音开头，“,o”,省略,leuk +o +cyt +o +penia,词根,(,白,),词根,(,细胞,),词尾,(,减少）,规则二：,后缀以辅音开头，“,o”,不能省略,leukocytopenia,白细胞减少,并列关系：词根,+,词根规则：元音（,o,）不能省略,gastr+o+enter+o+ic,胃肠的,并列关系 从属关系,hepat+o+cholangi+o+enter+o+ostomy,并列关系 并列关系 从属关系,肝管小肠吻合,第二节 常用后缀,简单后,缀,复合后缀,简单后,缀,:-ia(2),condition -,病，,-,症,复合后缀：,-emia,-algia,-(o)rrhagia,-ectasia,-malacia,-odynia,-plegia,-uria,-penia,-penia deficiency,lack,不足，缺少,减少,leucopenia,白细胞减少,erythropenia,红细胞减少,lymphopenia,淋巴细胞减少,thrombopenia,血小板减少,单词重音在倒数第二音节的词尾,-escence(2)adolescence,-escent(2)adolescent,-ian(2)pediatrician,元音,+tion(2)accomodation,-ious(2)infectious,-ate(2)reticulate,-ity(2)disability,-uria,urine condition,尿（症）,hematuria(hemat/uria),血尿,-plegia,stroke,paralysis,中风，麻痹,thermoplegia(therm/o/plegia),热射病，中暑,-odynia,pain,痛,cardiodynia,心痛,-malacia,softening,软化,osteomalacia(oste/o/malacia),骨软化,-ectasia or ectasis,stretching,dilatation,扩张，膨胀,nephrectasia(nephr/ectasia),肾扩张,-ectasis,扩张,angiectasis,血管扩张,bronchiectasis,支气管扩张,-algia,pain,痛,arthralgia(atther/algia),关节痛,neuralgia,神经痛,arthralgia,关节痛,-emia,blood condition,血病,血症,leukemia(leuk/emia),白血病,bacteremia,菌血症,septicemia,败血症,hypercholesterolemia,高胆固醇血症,-,orrhagia,出血,gastrorrhagia,胃出血,简单后缀,-y:condition,act,process-,术，,-,法，,-,症,复合后缀,-metry,-otomy,-ectomy,-graphy,-iatry,-ology,-pexy,-plasty,-(o)rrhaphy,-stomy,-scopy,-megaly,-scopy(3),examination,process of examining visually,镜检查，视诊,laryngoscopy,喉镜检查,bronchoscopy,支气管镜检查,gastroscopy,胃镜检查,colonoscopy,结肠镜检查,cystoscopy,膀胱镜检查,-ostomy,process of making an opening into or a connection between,开口或吻合,造口,(,术,),或吻合,(,术,),anastomosis,吻合术,colostomy,结肠造口术,gastrostomy,胃造口术,-(o)rrhaphy,suturing,process of suturing,缝合术,Hermiorrhaphy,疝缝术,疝修补术,-rrhaphy,缝合术,colporrhaphy,阴道缝合术,herniorrhaphy,疝缝合术,-plasty(4),surgical reshaping or repair,成形术,arthroplasty,关节成形术,urethroplasty,尿道成形术,osteoplasty(oste/o/plasty),骨成形术,成形术,-pexy,a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing,固定术,hepatopexy,肝固定手术,-ology(3),act or process of studying,学,Pharmacology,药理学,-logist(3),one who studies and treats,学者和治疗者,urologist(ur/o/logist),泌尿专家,-iatry or,iatrics,healing,愈合,医,.,之术,podiatry,医足术,-graphy(3),process of recording,描记术,-graph,(3),that which records,描记器,-gram,(3),the record itself,描记图,-ectomy,excision,process of cutting out,切除,(,术,),laryngectomy,喉切除术,thyroidectomy,甲状腺切除术,mastectomy,乳房切除术,cholecystectomy,胆囊切除术,appendectomy,阑尾切除术,-,o,tomyincision,process of cutting into,切开,(,术,),laparotomy,剖腹术,tracheotomy,气管切开术,cramiotomy,颅骨切开术,-metry,measurement,测量,测定,(,术）,dynamometry,肌力测量法,pelvimetry,骨盆测量法,-megaly large,大,atriomegaly,心房肥大,ventriculomegaly,心室扩大,splenomegaly,脾大,typhlomegaly,盲肠巨大,-e,an instrument,器械 或名词后缀,复合后缀：,-scope,-tome,-cele,-cyte,-tome,instrument for cutting,刀,arthrotome,关节刀,-cyte,noun marker,referring to a cell,细胞,leukocyte(leuk/o/cyte),白细胞,-cele,hernia,herniation,突出，疝，肿,thyrocele(thyr/o/cele),甲状腺肿,-scope,instrument for viewing,镜,laryngoscope,喉镜,bronchoscope,支气管镜,laparoscope,腹腔镜,ophthalmoscope,检眼镜,-itis,(2)inflammation,炎症,hepatitis(hepat/it is),肝炎,-ist,one who specializes in,的专家，学者,dermatologist,皮肤病专家,-or(er),refers to a doer,either a person or thing,工作者,(,人或工具,),incisor(in/cis/or),切牙,-osis(2),a condition,usually abnormal or pathological,异常或病理情况,sclerosis(scler/osis),硬化症,-oma(2),swelling,tumor,肿胀，肿瘤,sarcoma(sar/oma),肉瘤,-ism,a condition,usually the result of a prior condition,情况，前一情况的结果,embolism(em/bol/ism),栓塞,-(i)um(2),refers to a part in relation to a whole,related to,部分与整体关系，与,有关,pericardium(peri/cardi/um),心包,epigastrium(epi/gastr/ium),上腹部,-ac,的,cardiac(cardi/ac),心脏的,-al,的,bronchial(bronch/i/al),支气管的,-ar,的,tonsillar(tonsill/ar),扁桃体的,-ic(2),的,hepatic(hepat/ic),肝的,-eal,的,esophageal(esophag/eal),食道,-ary,的,ciliary(cili/ary),睫状的,-,ous,的含,的分泌,的,mucous(muc/ous),粘液的,fibrous(fibr/ous),纤维性的,sebaceous(seb/ace/ous),皮脂的,-oid(3),类似，象,cystoid(cyst/oid),囊样的,-meter,instrument for measuring,测量用器具,thermoneter(therm/o/meter),温度计,-meter,(3),计、表,spiromet,呼吸量计,肺量计,ophthalmometer,检眼计,-(o)rrhea(1),flow,discharge,流出，分泌,diarrhea(dia/rrhea),腹泻,-lysis,dissolution,溶解,decomposition,解体,hemolysis(hem/o/lysist),溶血,-pathy,disease,diseased condition,病，病理情况,ophthalmopathy,眼病,-blast,a cell that is undifferentiated,primitive,embryonic,未分化的原始胚细胞,hemocytoblast,成血细胞、原血细胞,-centesis,surgical puncture to withdraw fluid,外科穿刺吸液,amniocentesis,羊膜穿刺术,-centesis,穿刺术,paracentesis,穿刺术,thoracocentesis,胸腔穿刺术,amniocentesis,羊膜穿刺术,abdominocentesis,腹腔穿刺术,-clysis,washing,introduction of fluid for the purpose of irrigation,洗,bronchoclysis,(bronch/o/clysis),支气管灌洗,-ptosis,a falling,the dropping or sagging of an organ,落下,nephroptosis(nephr/o/ptosis),肾下垂,-ptysis,咳、咯,hemoptysis,咯血,pyoptysis,咯脓,-(o)rrhexis,rupture,破裂,hepatorrhexis(hepat/o/orhexis),肝破裂,-sclerosis,a hardening,硬化,arteriosclerosis,(hepat/o/sclerosis),动脉硬化,-stasis,arresting,halting,停止，制止,bacteriostasis,(bacteri/o/stasis),制菌作用,-stenosis,a narrowing,a stricture,变狭，狭窄,arteriostenosis(arteri/o/stenosis),动脉狭窄,-gram,图像,electrocardiogram,心电图,electroencephalogram,脑电图,-graph,描记器,pneumograph,呼吸描记器,-emesis,呕吐,emetic,催吐的,antiemetic,止吐的,50,个常用词根,aden,angi,arteri,arthr,blephar,bronch,cardi,celi,cephal,cerebr,gland,vessel,artery,joint,eyelid,bronchus,heart,abdomen(abdominal cavity),head,cerebrum,brain,50,个常用词根,cheil,cholangi,dermat,encephal,enter,erythr,esophag,gastr,hepat,hypn,lip,bile duct,skin,brain,intestines,red,esophagus,stomach,liver,sleep,50,个常用词根,hyster,lapar,laryng,mamm,mening,my,myel,myelon,nephr,neur,uterus,abdomen,larynx,breast,meninges,muscle,bone marrow;spinal cord,bone marrow,kidney,nerve,50,个常用词根,psych,rachi,rhin,splen,stomat,thorac,trache,urethr,uter,vesic,mind,vertebra;spinal or vertebral column,nose,spleen,mouth,thorax(chest),trachea,urethra,uterus,bladder;sac,50,个常用词根,ophthalm,orchid,oste,ot,pancreat,pharyng,phren,pleur,pneumon,proct,eye,testis;testicle,bone,ear,pancreas,pharynx,mind,pleura,lung;air,rectum,第三节,前缀,a-,用于非,h,或非元音字母开头的形容词前（否则，变为,an-,）,a+adjadj,表否定,:without,or absence of,不,无,没有,缺离,amorphous,无定形的,apnea,呼吸暂停,anhydrosis,无汗症,a-,用在名词前,含有,in,on,at,by,with,to,等,意：,a+nadv,asleep,在熟睡中,(in),ahead,在前头,(in),aside,在一边（,by,）,abreast,肩并肩地（,with,）,a-,a+nadj,alight,燃烧的,a-,a+adjadv,aloud,高声地,aright,正确地,ab-,from,away from,从，离开,在,m,p,v,之前用,a-;,在,c,q,t,之前用,ab-,abarticular,关节脱位,ad-,to,toward,near,向，靠近，到,上,adrenal,肾上腺,ad-,在,g,前变为,ag,f,前变为,af,afferent,在,l,前变为,al,在,n,前变为,an,在,r,前变为,ar,在,s,前变为,as,在,t,前变为,at,在,sc,sp,st,前变为,a-,在,c,k,q,同化成,ac,ana-,up,back again,向上，重回到,anabolism,合成代谢,ante-,before,在前,anteflexion,前屈,bi(n,s),two,double,两，加倍,二,biceps,二头肌,auto-,self,自己,autotrophic,自营的,apo-upon,在,之上,apogee,远地点,anti-,against,反抗,antidote,解毒剂,antero-front,前,anteroposterior,前后的,circum-,around,环行，围绕,circumduction,环行运动,brady-slow,缓慢的,bradycardia,心率缓慢,cata-down,catabiosis,老化现象,co(n)-,with,together,与,，在一起,cocarcimogenesis,辅致癌物质,co(n)-,h,或元音字母前变成,co-,l,前变成,col-,b,m,p,前变成,com-,r,前变成,cor-,在,c,d,f,g,j,n,q,s,t,v,前用,con-,contra-,against,反抗,contraceptive,节育,dia-,though,;complete,通过,，透过，横过,diarthermy,透热法,di-,twice,double,二倍，加倍,diarthric,两关节的,de-,from,;,down from;lack of,从,.,缺乏，脱,deoxidation,脱氧,dis-,apart,free from,separate,to undo;free fro,离开，分开,dislocation,脱位，脱臼,二，加倍,disulfide,dys-,bad,painful,difficult,labored,abnormal,困难的，缓慢的，疼痛的,.,dysentery,痢疾,ec(to)-,outside,outer,外面，在外,ectoderm,外胚层,en-,（在,b,m,p,之前变成,em-,）,in,within,内，在内,encephalic,脑,endo-,inside,inner,within,内,内部,endocrine,内分泌,eu-(mal-),good,well,normal,好、正常,，佳，优,euphoria,欣快，精神愉快,epi-,over,upon,on,外面，上面,表，表位，在,.,上面,epigastrium,上腹部,eso-inward,esocataphoria,内下隐斜视,e-,外出，除去，缺,ecaudate,无尾的,ex,（,o,）,-,out of,from,outside,outward,外面，向外的,在,之外，离开,excision,切除,在,b,d,g,h,m,n,r,之前有时变成,e-,在,f,前变成,ef-,efferent,传出的,extra-,outside of,beyond,在,外面，超过,extracorporeal,体外的,hemi-,half(,一,),半,hemiparalysis,偏瘫,hyper-above,excessive,高，,过度，,过多的,hypertention,高血压,hypo-,under,less than normal,below,incomplete,deficient,低少于正常,低，不足的，有缺陷的,hypoglycemia,低血糖,in-,in,into,在内,进入,ingestion,摄入,in-,not,否定,不,incoagulability,不凝性,在,b,m,p,之前变成,im-,在,l,前变成,il-,在,r,前变成,ir-,infra-,below,lower,在下,低于,infracostal,肋下的,intra-,within,（在）内,intravenous,静脉的,inter-,between,在,-,之间,interventricular,室间的,meta-after,beyond,change,偏,旁,变,macro-large,大,mal-bad,malnutrition,营养不良,meso-middle mesoderm,中胚层,micro-small,小,multi-many,多,neo-,（,paleo-,）,new,新,nulli-none,无,ob-,（在,c,f,g,p,前分别变成,oc-,of-,og-,op-,）,对抗，颠倒，在前，朝向，接近,obovate,倒卵形的,pan-,all,total(,在,b,m,p,之前变成,pam-),完全，全部，总，泛，多,panangitis,血管全层炎,para-,beside,alongside,abnormal,beyond,around,旁，附着，异常,paranephric,肾旁的，肾上腺的,(-para),产,per-,through,通过,peroral,经口的,post-,after,behind,在后，在,-,后方,postnasal,鼻后的,peri-,surrounding(outer),around,周围,perihepatitis,肝周炎,pre-,before,in front of,premolar,前磨牙,semi-,half,半,semisynthetic,半合成的,pros-,to,near,in addition to,到，靠近，加上,prosthetice,修复学,pro-,before,in front of,在之前,prognosis,预后,poly-many,much,polypeptide,多肽,re-back,retro-back;behind,sub-,under,below,在下,subcutaneous,皮下的,supra-,above,over,高于，超过,supracranial,颅上的,super-,above,over,高于，超过,superlactation,泌乳过多,syn-,（在,b,m,p,之前变成,sym-,）,with,together,joined,与,在一起，合成,synapse,突触，神经键,trans-,across,through,over,beyond,transabdominal,通过腹部的,tachy-fast;rapid,tachycardia,心动过速,tetra-four,tetralogy,四联症,tri-three,trimester,三月期,uni-one,unilateral,单侧的,ultra-beyond;excess,ultrasonic,超声的,part,各系统常用,词根,与,例词,表,第一章 心血管系统,cardi(o)-,心,c,ardiovascular,心血管的,cardiogenic,心,源,性的,cardiopulmonary,心肺的,cardiopathy,心脏病,atri(o)-,心房,atrial,心房的,atriopeptin,心房肽激素,atrioventricular,房室的,atriomegaly,心房肥大,ventricul(o)-,心室,ventricular (,心,),室的,ventriculoarterial,心室动脉的,ventriculography,心室造影术,ventriculomegaly,心室扩大,valv(o)-,valvu,l,(o)-,瓣膜,valvular,瓣膜的,valvotomy,瓣膜切开术,valvopl,a,sty,瓣膜成形术,valvuloplasty,瓣膜成形术,vas(o)-,angi(o),血管,vascular,血管的,vasoconstriction,血管收缩,vasodilator,血管舒张,(,的,),vasculitis,脉管,angiography,血管造影术,angiotensin,血管紧张素,arteri(o)-,动脉,arterial,动脉的,arteriography,动脉造影术,arteriosclerosis,动脉硬化,art,er,itis,动脉炎,arteriol(o)-,小动脉,arteriolar,小动脉的,arterioloscleroisis,小动脉硬化,arteriolopathy,小动脉病,arteriolonecrosis,小动脉坏死,arteriolitis,小动脉炎,arteriolovenous,小动脉静脉的,ven(o)-,phleb(o)-,静脉,venous,静脉的,venoconstriction,静脉收缩,venography,静脉造影术,venodilation,静脉扩张,phlebitis,静脉炎,phlebotomy,静脉切开术,venul,(o)-,小静脉,venular,小静脉的,venulitis,小静脉炎,aort(o),主动脉,aortic,主动脉的,aortography,主动脉造影术,aortitis,主动脉炎,aortotomy,主动脉切开术,capillar(o),-,毛细,血管,capillarity,毛细作用,capillaritis,毛细管炎,capillaropathy,毛细血管病,puls,(o)-,脉搏,pulse,d,脉搏的，脉冲的,pulseless,无脉搏的,pulsation,搏动,pulsate,搏动,第二章 呼吸系统,-spir(o),呼吸,respiratory,呼吸的,exp,i,ratory,呼,气,的,inspi,ratory,吸气,的,expire,呼气,pneum(o)-,呼吸,pneumothorax,气胸,pneumomediastinum,纵隔积气,pneumat(o)-,呼吸,pneumatic,气的，呼吸的,pneumotosis,积气症,-pnea,呼吸,apnea,呼吸暂停,dyspnea,呼吸困难,pneo-,呼吸,eupnea,呼吸正常,pneogram,呼吸 运动描记图,naso-,鼻,nasal,鼻的,nasolacrimal,鼻泪的,nas(o)-,鼻,nasopharyngeal,鼻咽的,nasotracheal,鼻气管的,rhin(o)-,鼻,rhinitis,鼻炎,rhinotracheitis,鼻气管,rhinovirus,鼻病毒,rhinopneumonitis,鼻肺炎,laryng(o)-,喉,laryngeal,喉的,laryngitis,喉炎,laryngoscope,喉镜,laryngoscopy,喉镜检查,glott(o)-,声门,舌,glottic,声门的，舌的,glottal,声门的,glottitis,舌炎,glottology,舌学,trache(o)-,气管,tracheal,气管的,trachectomy,气管切开术,trachitis,气管炎,tracheobronchial,气管支气管的,bronch(o)-,支气管,bronchial,支气管的,bronchoconstriction,支气管收缩,bronchitis,支气管炎,bronchiectasis,支气管扩张,bronchopulmonary,支气管肺的,bronchiol(o)-,细支气管,bronchiolitis,细支气管炎,bronchioli (bronchiolus,复数,),bronchiolar,细支气管的,bronchiolectasis,细支气管扩张,pulmo(n)-,肺,pulmonary,肺的,pulmonology,肺科学,pulmonectomy,全 肺切除术,pneumon(o)-,肺,pneumonia,肺炎,pneumonectomy,肺切除术,pneumoconiosis,尘肺病,pneumococcal,肺炎球菌的,pneumocyte,肺细胞,alve,ol,(o)-,肺泡,alveolar,小泡的,alveolitis,肺泡炎,alveoli (alveoli,复数,)alveolocapillary,肺泡毛细管的,pleur(o)-,胸膜,pleural,胸膜的,pleuritis,肺胸膜炎,pleurisy,胸膜炎,pleuropneumonia,胸膜肺炎,第三章 消化系统,-gest(o)-,消化,digestive,消化的,maldigestion,消化不良,ingestion,食入，摄入,indigestion,消化不良,peps(o)-,消化,pepsin,胃蛋白酶,pepstatin,胃酶抑素,dyspepsia,消化不良,pepsinogenic,胃蛋白原的,pharyng(o)-,咽,pharyngeal,咽的,pharyngo1aryngeal,咽喉的,pharyngitis,咽炎,pharyngotonsillitis,咽扁桃体炎,pharyngoplasty,咽成形术,pharyngectomy,咽部分切除术,esophag(o)-,食管,esophageal,食管的,esophagectomy,食管切除术,esophagitis,食管炎,esophagoscopy,食管镜检查,gastr(o)-,胃,gastrointestinal,胃肠的,gastrin,促胃液素,gastric,胃的,gastritis,胃炎,gastrectomy,胃切除术,gastroenterology,胃肠病学,stomach-,胃,stomachial,胃的,stomachodynia,胃痛,stomachalgia,胃痛,stomachoscopy,胃检查,enter(o)-,肠,enterotoxin,肠毒素,enterobacteriaceae,肠杆菌科,enteric,enteral,肠的,enterococcus,肠球菌科,duoden(o)-,十二指肠,duodenal,十二指肠的,duodenogastric,十二指肠胃的,duodenitis,十二指肠炎,duodenoscopy,十二指肠镜检查,jejun(o)-,空肠,jejunal,空肠的,jejunoileal,空肠回肠的,jejunitis,空肠炎,jejunostomy,空肠造口术,ile(o)-,回肠,ileal,回肠的,ileocolic,回肠结肠的,ileitis,回肠炎,ileocolostomy,回肠结肠吻合术,ileocecal,回肠盲肠的,ileorectal,回肠直肠的,colon(o)-,结肠,colonic,结肠的,colonoplasty,结肠成形术,colonoscopy,结肠镜检查,colonofibroscop,e,纤维结肠镜,cec(o)-,盲肠,cecal,盲肠的,cecoapendicular,盲肠阑尾的,cecocolonic,盲肠结肠的,cecorectal,盲肠直肠的,typhl(o)-,盲肠,typhlitis,盲肠炎,typhlostomy,盲肠造口术,typhlocolitis,盲肠结肠炎,typhlomegaly,盲肠巨大,appendic(o)-,阑尾,appendicitis,阑尾炎,appendiceal,阑尾的,append(ic)ectomy,阑尾切除术,sigmoid(o)-,乙状结肠,sigmoidal,乙状结肠的,sigmoidoscopy,乙状结肠镜检查,sigmoiditits,乙状结肠炎,sigmoidostomy,乙状结肠造口术,rect(o)-,直肠,rectal,直肠的,rectocolitis,直肠结肠炎,rectoromanoscopy,直肠乙状结肠镜检查,an(o)-,肛门,anal,肛门的,anorectal,肛门直肠的,perianal,肛周的,anoscopy,肛门镜检查,procto(co)-,肛门,proctalgia,肛门痛,proctatresia,肛门闭锁,arch(o),肛门,architis,肛门炎,archoptosis,脱肛,cholecyst(o)-or,cyst-,胆囊,cholecystitis,胆囊炎,cholecystography,胆囊造影术,cho1ecystokinin,缩胆素,cholecystectomy,胆囊切除术,cholecystotomy,胆囊切开术,cholecyststomy,胆囊造口术,jec-,肝,jecoral,肝的,jecoic acid,肝酸,hepat(o)-,肝,hepatic,肝的,he