雅思写作环境类高频.docx

环境类雅思写作高频词汇
1. be sick at: 恶心的，厌恶的
2. experimenting on animals for medical purposes：用动物试药
3. prohibit / banish: 禁止
4. end their lives in extreme sufferings：在极度痛苦中结束生命
5. besides: 除此之外
6. constitute：构成
7. defendant: 拥护者
8. unavoidable：不可避免的, =inevitable
9. Moreover：
10. be placed at great risk：处于巨大的风险中
复杂一些的
1. abuse domestic animals: 虐待家养动物
2. go on vegetarian diet：吃素
3. barbaric, cruel, and against humanity: 野蛮、残酷、有违人性
4. live autopsy: 活体解剖
5. indignity：侮辱
6. brazen violation of their basic rights: 对他们基本权利的厚颜无耻的侵犯
7. formulate: 做配方
8. side-effects of drugs：药物的副作用
9. devise humane methods to：设计人性的方法
10. minimize suffering of animals：最大限度减少动物所受的痛苦
环境问题类
Environmental Problems The Problems pollution: air pollution, water pollution (including oceanic pollution), soil pollution, noise pollution 污染： 空气污染，水污染（包括海洋污染） 土壤污染 噪声污染 global warming 全球变暖
species loss 物种的灭绝
deforestation 森林采伐
desertification 沙漠化
soil salinification 土壤盐化
ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere 高层大气的臭氧层破坏
waste disposal 废物处理
water shortage 水资源短缺
Other Related Vocabulary
污染类 Pollution ·
fertilizer 化肥 ·
factory waste 工厂废料 ·
rivers and streams 河川 ·
heavy metals 重金属
全球变暖类 Global Warming ·
melting of the glaciers and the polar icecaps 冰川和极地冰盖的融化 ·
extremes of weather 极端恶劣的天气 ·
the El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象 ·
the greenhouse effect 温室效应 ·
carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide 二氧化碳 二氧化硫 ·
man-made causes, possible natural causes 人为原因，可能的自然原因 ·
fuel 燃料 ·
fossil fuels 化石燃料 ·
hydrogen 氢 ·
wind power, solar power, solar cells 风能，太阳能，太阳能电池 ·
vehicle exhaust 车辆废气 ·
power station 发电所 Water Shortage ·
recycling 回收
水处理Waste Disposal ·
recycling 回收
沙漠化Desertification ·
sand storms (dust storms) 沙尘暴 ·
overgrazing 过度放牧 ·
goats (a major cause of desertification) 山羊（沙漠化的一个重要原因） ·
grasslands 草原 ·
reforestation 重新造林 ·
land regeneration
物种消失Species Loss ·
habitat loss 栖息地的丧失 ·
ecological balance 生态平衡 ·
genetic diversity 遗传多样性 ·
genes; genetic engineering 基因，基因工程 ·
natural compounds (from living organisms) 天然化合物（来自生物有机体） ·
medicinal uses 医疗用途 ·
genetically produced medicines (from the use of the genes of other species) ·
improved/higher food production (from the use of original crop genes)
土壤盐碱化Soil Salinification ·
the water table 地下水位

1 be enveloped with v.萦绕
例句
Our minds have been enveloped with environmental issues since the second half of last century. 上个世纪下半叶以来，环境问题一直萦绕在我们心头。
近义搭配be enveloped with Be brought to the forefront Be invaded
例句
Earth-shaken changes have taken place to global appearance thanks to the invasion of deteriorating environment—such as rising sea level, deforestation, overgrazing. 由于类似于海平面上升，森林退化，过度放牧等环境问题的侵害，全球面貌发生了惊天巨变。
Environmental issues have been brought to the forefront with the deterioration of contamination throughout the globe—not only in highly industrialized countries, but also in those with intense agriculture. 随着全球环境的恶化，环境问题已经放到了最前沿，不论是在发达国家还是那些发展中国家。
2 environmental problems 环境问题
类似短语 Environmental contamination Environmental issues Environmental deterioration Deteriorating environment Environmental degeneration Environmental exacerbation Environmental degration
例句 见例1
3 important 重要的
类似词汇 significant, critical, crucial, vital, vitally important
类似词组： play a +以上任意词汇 role in As+以上任意词汇+as time/fortune/luck/life What A to B is what C is to D.
例句及其改写：
Environment to us is very important, so we must put some importance on it. 环境对于我们来说很重要，所以我们要重视它(这个句子55水平，大家都能写的出来。接下来开始变身。)
Environment plays an essential role in our life, resulting in the necessity of dealing with it.
What environment to us is what water is to fish, consequently, it is figuring out how to address these problems that is our first choice.
4. cope with/deal with 处理，解决
类似词汇：solve, resolve, handle, tackle, address
类似短语：cope with, deal with
例句：
To solve this concern, countries worldwide should join forces, instead of working individually for their own targets.
To address this concern, countries throughout the globe should join forces, rather than working individually for their own targets.
为了解决这个问题，世界各国应合力解决，而不是为了一己私欲。
5. waste water 废水
类似词汇： sewage, liquid waste, effluent, drain water, residuary water
例句：
For example, a river in one country can be polluted by the waste water from other countries.
变身：For example, a stream in one country can be polluted by the sewage dumped/poured by neighboring country. 比如说，一条国家的河流很有可能被其邻国排放的污水给污染。
6. enough 足够的
类似词汇：adequate, abundant, sufficient, substantial
反义词： deficient, insufficient, inadequate
例句：
It should also be noted that some countries do not have adequate resources (including capital and technology) to reduce pollution.
It should also draw our attention that some countries are deficient in resources storage (including capital and technology) to reduce pollution.
还需要注意的是有些国家没有足够的资源（包括紫金和技术）去减少污染。
7 focus 关注
类似词汇：central question, focused question, the core question
例句：
It is our focus whether economy has to develop at the cost of environment.
The central/core question is whether economic development has to be achieved at the environment’s expense.
8 should 应该
类似词汇：be supposed to, ought to
I am of the opinion that environmental problems which should be accepted as a trade-off for economic growth.
I am of the opinion that environmental degradation supposed to be accepted as a trade-off for economic growth. 我的看法是对于发展中国家来说，环境问题是经济发展必须接受的一个折中条件。
9 convenience 方便
例句：
Having a car has become an essential part for many people’s lives thanks to its convenience.
类似词汇：flexibility，make … accessible, provide access to
例句：
Having a car has become an essential part for many individuals’ lives. It offers flexibility to their life and work and also provides ready access to a variety of services and leisure options. 拥有一辆车对于许多人来讲都非常重要，因为它给我们的生活和工作带来便利，也让我们能够享受各种服务和其他的娱乐休闲项目。
10 greenhouse gas 温室气体
例句：
vehicles are major sources of urban air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions
类似表示环境问题的词汇： Rising sea level, greenhouse effect, the melting of ice layer, the pollution of sewages, white pollutant, the consumption of disposable products, acid rain, soil erosion
11 the use of disposable products 一次性产品的使用
例句：
It is prevalent for a vast array of people to use disposable products, such as disposable dishes, chopsticks and plastic bags. 人们总是经常使用一些一次性产品，例如一次性餐具、筷子、塑料袋等。
类似词汇： use, consume, utilize Use, usage, consumption, utilization (n.)
例句：
These years have witnessed the utilization of disposable products- chopsticks, dishes and plastic bags.
12 traffic jams 交通拥堵
例句：
Private cars in mounting number lead to traffic jam. 私家车的增多导致了交通拥堵。
类似词汇或短语：traffic congestion/ gridlock/ blocks Congested/crowded traffic
例句：
The proliferation of private cars contributes to traffic congestion.
13 indifferent 冷漠的，漠不关心的
例句：
Few actions are actually being taken at the individual level to preserve the environment and I think there are two major reasons why people are being so different.
很少有人去从个人名义来为保护环境做些什么，我认为他们如此漠不关心主要由两个原因。
类似词汇： not realize the significance/ severity of …
Few proactive and efficient actions are actually being taken at the individual level to preserve the environment and I think there are two major reasons why people have not realized the significance/ severity of environmental preservation.
14 take actions to do sth. 采取行动做。。。
It is high time for everyone to take action to change the current situation at the individual level. 是时候要大家合力为改变现状去做些什么了。
类似词汇或短语：take some measures to do Adopt some methods to do
主被动的转换
前面可以加的形容词有：effective, efficient, proactive, immediate Proactive and immediate methods
15 new-rising energy 新型能源
The use of new-rising energy is nothing but a positive trend and development and indeed their use should be encouraged further.
新兴能源的使用很显然是一个很好的趋势和发展，因而他们的使用应该受到更进一步的鼓励。
类似词汇或短语：green energy, alternative sources
相反，fossil fuels 也可以是 traditional sources
16 confront 使。。。冲突
例句：
In modern society, environmental related issue has confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public.
当今社会，环境问题让生态学家，政府部门和大众直接面临很多冲突。
类似词汇：debate, controversy, argument
In modern society, environmental related issue has given rise to much controversy over ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public.
17 unavoidable 无法避免的
例句：
one of people’s unavoidable obligations is to instill the urgent need of taking care of our natural environment into the psyche of each member of our planet.
人们有一项无法避免的义务就是给这星球上的每一员去灌输这样一个想法—保护环境刻不容缓。
类似词汇和短语： indefensible, inevitable
18 gravity 严重性
例句：
Making the public aware the gravity of environment preservation is what we are supposed to do now.
让大众明白环保的重要性是我们当下重中之重。
Punishment varies in accordance with the gravity of offense.
惩罚的轻重取决于侵犯行为的严重与否。
类似词汇：severity
19 enormous 巨大的
例句：
The environment related problems facing us are enormous. 我们所面临的环境问题非常巨大。
The exhausted emissions give rise to such enormous problems named greenhouse effect.
废气的排放会引起温室效应这样的巨大问题。
类似词汇： tremendous, huge, great
20 aggravate 加剧，加重
例句：
The pollutant poured into the sewages will further aggravate the pollution of the ecosystem.
排放进下水道的水将更近一步的加重整个生态系统的污染。
类似词汇或短语： drop.. to a dilemma The pollutant poured into the sewages will drop the whole ecosystem into a dilemma.
21 recycle 再使用，再利用
例句： the recycling of the energy and its efficiency play a crucial role in energy choice.
能源是否循环使用及其有效性在能源的选择上非常重要。
类似词汇或短语：reuse, re-consume, circulation, loop
Whether the energy can be in the circulatory use affects our choice in so many alternative sources.
在我们有众多替代资源可以选择的时候，该能源能否循环使用是衡量是否使用这种资源的一条要素。
22 inhumane 残酷的，不仁道的
例句：
A vast array of individuals maintains that it is inhumane to hunt wildlife for their meat or other purposes.
很多人认为，我们为了野生动物的肉或者其他目的去猎捕他们是很不人道的。
类似词汇或短语：cruel, brute, ruffian, oppressive
23 sustainable development 可持续发展
例句：
on the one hand, we ought to take proactive actions—banning the discharging of pollutants from factories, punishing those who throwing away rubbishes everywhere, all contributing to the sustainable development of society.
一方面，我们应该立即行动起来，例如禁止工厂排放污水，惩处那些乱扔垃圾的人，多为社会可持续发展多做贡献。
类似词汇：recycling and enduring/permanent development
24 shortage 缺乏
例句：
it is a common phenomenon that many remote areas are short in water resources.
许多偏远地区在水资源上都会缺乏。
类似词汇或短语：Scarcity（n.）scarce(adj.)， dearth Be short/scarce of
The scarcity/shortage of water resources can be seen hither and thither in many remote areas.
25 ecological balance 生态平衡
例句：
countries on this planet must join forces to combat environmental problems—contributing to ecological balance.
各国必须携手解决环境问题，共同促进生态平衡。
类似词汇：ecological equilibrium
26 devastate 破坏
例句：
The deforestation not only devastates the habitat of animals, but also strike down the steps of sustainable development.
砍伐森林不仅破坏了动物的栖息地，而且阻碍了可持续发展的步伐。
类似词汇：wreak havoc on, have devastating effects on, deteriorate, aggravate
27 poisonous 有毒的
例句：
For the reason that pollutants in sewage are composed of poisonous substances, some fish species are threatened even endangered when they are poured into rivers.
因为下水道的污水中含有很多有毒物质，因而当它们被排入河流当中时很多鱼类濒临灭绝。
类似词汇或短语：toxic, venomous, nocuous, noxious
28 fertile 肥沃的
例句：
Farmers take to a vast array of organic fertilizer to improve the fertility of lands. 农民们总是求助于一些有机肥料用来提高土地的肥沃度。
类似词汇或短语：make… further fertile, improve the fertility of…, boost the fertility of
29 chain reaction 连锁反应
例句：
Like other chain reactions, environmental devastation is not an exception.
像其他连锁反应一样，环境问题也不例外。
类似词汇或短语：butterfly effect
30 severe 严重
例句：
Rome was not built in a day; environmental problems are not severe in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的，环境问题也不是一天就变得如此严重。
类似词汇或短语：grave, grievous