2017上海高三英语冲刺练习第二讲.doc

淘学教育
高三英语学生讲义161231
I. Extensive Reading

综合填空
1. await _____________ 2. allegation _______________
3. accuse _______________ 4. controversy _______________
5. fake _______________ 6. highlight _______________
7. imitation _______________ 8. phenomenally _______________
9. reprimand ______________ 10. trigger _______________
11. unanimous _______________ 12. visual impact ______________

TV Food Mania Challenged
The long _______________ second season of “A Bite of China”, a _______________ popular documentary in 2012, has returned to the airwaves. Unlike the first season which earns _______________ praises, this time, the show _______________ lots of _______________ after the first episode is aired. It has been _______________ of stealing ideas from a BBC documentary, the Yangtze Evening Post reported on Wednesday.
In the first episode of "A Bite of China II," scenes of a man in Tibet's Nyingchi Prefecture climbing up a tree to get honey from a beehive have been _______________ for copying a similar scene in the BBC documentary "Human Planet," in which an African tribesman climbs a tree in the Central African Republic to get honey.
Netizens uploaded screenshots of the two scenes together to _______________ their similarities: both have scenes of climbing, looking up and picking honey.
Some netizens said the local people in Nyingchi Prefecture have no tradition of climbing trees to get honey, so the plot (情节) is _______________ and designed to create a _______________.
Chen Xiaoqing, director of the documentary, denied the plagiarism (剽窃) _______________, saying "We noticed there is also a tree-climbing scene in the 'Human Planet', but the one featured in our documentary is different. I don't think it is plagiary or _______________."
II. Grammar
(A)
The Problem with Top-Schools Lists
There are around 4,000 accredited universities and other higher education institutions in the United States. They offer an immense range of educational experiences, (25)_______ large research universities to small, friendly liberal arts colleges. This helps explain (26)_______ the United States attracts more international students than any other country, says Allan E. Goodman, president of the Institute of International Education, (27)_______ non-profit group promoting student exchanges to and from America.
“While elite(精英) U.S. programs are among the top ten in the world,” Goodman says, “the unique strength of the U.S. higher education system is diversity.”
There is no official ranking system to indicate which institutions are better than others, (28)_______ several unofficial rankings are listed by magazines and associations. However, educators urge caution in using a ranking table and emphasize that (29)_______ (good) choice for one student may be very different for another.
Institutions of all types (30)_______ (spread) across the United States. Some students want a campus that will give them the excitement and rich cultural life of a big city such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles. (31)_______ value the peace and beauty of a rural setting, whether the quiet forests and snowy winters of the Northeast, subtropical Florida, the dry expanses of the West, or the Pacific coast with its seashore and nearby mountains.
Many institutions have particular strengths in certain academic areas, (32)_______(make) them a good choice for students interested in those fields.
(B)
An evolving game
Asia has already become a center of the women’s professional game, and much of the growth in participation across the world is coming from women’s golf.
Family-friendly facilities (33)_______(develop) for a new golfing demographic(人群) in the following years, (34)_______ more women are playing the game and men and women are increasingly spending their leisure time together.
Children’s engagement with the game will increase. In China, golf is recognized as a game (35)_______ teaches children important life principles. Free golf training is offered to kinder-gartners and some parents are now prepared to spend up to 300,000 yuan ($43,940) a year on lessons for their children.
“Asia will play an increasingly vital role in the future development of golf,” say top players past and present.
More top events will be added to the schedule in China and other places in Asia, (36)_______ the game is becoming more popular. Back-to-back Open Champion Padraig Harrington agrees: “You only (37)_______ _______ look at the European Tour’s schedule and see how many tournaments are now being hosted by Asia, whether in the Middle East or Far East,” he says.
“Change is the price of survival,” says golf legend Gary Player, one of a handful of players (38)_______(achieve) the Career Grand Slam(大满贯). “With the eyes of the sport now firmly (39)_______(focus) on Asia, I can see several of the world’s Top 10 coming from Asia and several more global tournaments hosted there by 2020.”
The game will also become more technologically engaged. Advances in digital technology will change the face of (40)_______(coach) with “smart clubs” which memorize golfers’ grip and swing, allowing them to analyze their performance and learn from their mistakes.
III. Cloze
(A)
A. analyze B. relevant C. indicating D. restricted E. transform F. primarily G. disciplining H. reputations I. pioneered J. establishment K. necessarily
Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.
Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. The German university was concerned __41_____ with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of colleges of high __42_____ --Harvard, Yale, Columbia--and __43______ them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for __44_____ students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree __45_____ the highest level of advanced scholarly achievement, was introduced. With the __46_____of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, __47_____, and conduct their own research.
At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, __48_____ curriculum(课程) of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard ___49___ the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university ___50_____ to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close attention to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.

(B)
A. adequately B. advances C. neighbour D. colonize E. concerns
F. create G. intensively H. settlers I. smart J. journey K. survive
“Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,”Stephen Hawking says.Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most important scientists, believes that to __41__, humans must move into space.
Today, the United States, India, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earth’s closest __42__: the moon. Each country wants to create space stations there between 2020 and 2030. These stations will __43__prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.
Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should __44__ space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? There are several advantages: for one, sending people to the moon and Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, whether living on other planets is possible. Then, we can eventually__45__ new human societies on other planets. In addition, the __46__ we make for space travel in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health can also benefit us here on Earth.
But not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a(n)__47__ idea. Many say it’s too expensive to send people, even on a short __48__. And most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take about six months. People travelling this kind of distance face a number of health problems. Also, for many early space __49__, life would be extremely difficult. On the moon’s surface, for example, the air and the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.
Despite these __50__, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar(月球上的) cities and maybe even new human cultures on other planets.
(C)
Researchers came to the conclusion that having two daughters is the key to a happy and harmonious family life after examining the lives of families with different combinations of children, both male and female.
The results show of all the variations, two girls make for the most harmonious family life as they are unlikely to fight, will play nicely and are generally a __50__ to be around.
It also emerged two girls rarely __51__ their parents, make limited noise, often trust in their parents and are unlikely to wind each other up or __52__ each other.
__53__, doubling the number of daughters is likely to lead to a whole world of pain, the report found. Mums and dads with four girls __54__ out to be the least happy with family life overall. Parents of four girls also admitted to having to __55__ an average of four fights or arguments a day, the study of 2,116 parents of children aged 16 and under __56__.
The study looked into families with twelve different combinations of children, __57__ only children but including everything from a brother and sister to four of the same __58__.
Mums and dads were asked to rank their children's behavior. Two girls __59__ highly in every category. They were 'easy to reason with', 'helped around the house' and __60__ 'liked each other'.
In fact, mums and dads with four children of any gender found it harder, the results showed. __61__, sixty-two per cent of parents with this combination would have exactly the same number of children if they had their time again.
''Every child is a blessing and there are lots of things parents can do to __62__ family life is as harmonious as possible.''
"Making sure __63__ time is spent with all children, __64__ them how lucky they are to have siblings（兄弟姐妹）and creating family rituals such as eating and playing together can all help everyone to get the most out of family life together.''
50. A. contribution B. burden C. pleasure D. coincidence
51. A. delight B. annoy C. disapprove D. respect
52. A. forgive B. benefit C. ignore D. comfort
53. A. By contrast B. As a result C. In addition D. To some extent
54. A. figure B. carry C. burst D. turn
55. A. adjust to B. cope with C. bring about D. negotiate with
56. A. predicted B. surveyed C. revealed D. conducted
57. A. enclosing B. concluding C. exposing D. excluding
58. A. sex B. age C. hobby D. background
59. A. spoke B. appreciated C. educated D. scored
60. A. definitely B. generally C. constantly D. exactly
61. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Moreover D. However
62. A. secure B. promise C. ensure D. influence
63. A. overall B. quality C. alternative D. temporary
64. A. reminding B. remembering C. recalling D. reforming
(D)
GM (转基因) crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a __51__ place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, __52__, then they won’t have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the __53__ of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don’t require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread __54__ that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It’s easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult __55__ that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.
But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are __56__. They mistrust the claims made and don’t believe that biotechnology is without __57__. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that __58__ the Earth. They __59__ that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen (花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more __60__ to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens (过敏源). This seems __61__, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can __62__ from coughing and sneezing to death.
Indeed, people hold very different opinions about __63__. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can __64__ droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them __65__ for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.
51. A. worse B. better C. less healthy D. more peaceful
52. A. in no way B. by all means C. for example D. by contrast
53. A. absence B. appearance C. case D. effect
54. A. war B. poverty C. starvation D. robbery
55. A. challenge B. specification C. standard D. principle
56. A. knowledgeable B. supportive C. ignorant D. suspicious
57. A. control B. risks C. criteria D. doubts
58. A. turn up B. make up C. give up D. take up
59. A. ensure B. worry C. deny D. demand
60. A. temperate B.