高中人教版必修一unit4.doc

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人教版必修一unit4
学习目标与
考点分析
语法知识点及课本内容讲解
学习重点
重点语法知识宾语从句及短语总结
学习方法
讲解法 学思结合 讲练结合
学习内容与过程
　　Unit 4　Earthquakes
Moved by mother’s great love
She had died when the rescuers found her.She was buried by the crushed house.Through gaps of those ruins，we can see her last posture(姿态).Being on her knees，the upper part of the body was prostrate (趴着的) forward，with her hands on the ground to support her body.That was something like an ancient who was kowtowing.
The rescuers confirmed her death by touching her through the gaps of ruins.They shouted at the ruins again and again，knocked the bricks using the crowbar(铁棍)，but no response inside.
Then the rescuing team went to next building，suddenly the leader ran back，calling “come here”.He came to the body，stretched his hands under the woman，feeling and touching，then shouted loudly “there is someone，a baby，still living”.
Through some efforts，rescuers cleaned up the ruins carefully which blocked her.Under her body lay her baby，who was wrapped in a small red quilt with yellow flowers scattered in red.He was about 3 or 4 months’ old.Since well protected by mother’s body，he was totally safe.He was sleeping on both ears when the rescuer carried him out，and his lovely and peaceful face warmed everyone around him.The doctor along with the rescuing team unfastened the quilt to check if the baby was all right，and he found there was a mobile phone filled in the quilt.The doctor looked at the screen subliminally，a written message was already there: “My dear baby，if you could live，don’t forget how much I love you”.As a doctor，he experienced too much of parting forever；but at this moment，he wept.The mobile was passed，every person who saw this message shaded tears.
3.Can you tell some famous land earthquakes?
(1)Pakistan Earthquake：On October 8th,2005，a terrible earthquake which measured 7.6 on
the Richter scale happened in Pakistan，Afghanistan and India.And Pakistan was the most
serious­affected country，in which 38,000 people died,62,000 people injured and 25,000 people
were homeless.(2)San Francisco：On October 17,1989，an earthquake measuring 7.1 on the
Richter scale struck San Francisco.(3)The Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008.
4.Do you know why an earthquake happens?
The plates are moving constantly.Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for
years.Then suddenly，they jump and an earthquake happens.As a result of the movement
of these plates，west America near the sea has always been a bad place for earthquakes.
5.What do you think may happen before an earthquake?
Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds.The
chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.The dog barked loudly again and again.People
could see bright lights in the sky.
1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
句子结构分析：现在分词短语looking for places to hide在句中表伴随，作伴随状语。
翻译：老鼠从地里跑出来找地方藏身。
2.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
句子结构分析：It seemed as if是固定句型结构，意为“看起来像是……”。
翻译：看起来像是到了世界末日！
3.Water, food，and electricity were hard to get.
句子结构分析：本句的结构是：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do，其中to do用主动形式表示被动
含义。
翻译：水、电和食物都很难弄到。
4.All hope was not lost.
句子结构分析： all 与not 连用表示部分否定。
翻译：并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
Section Two　Language Points

1. In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，
鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不想进食。

He is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。
They reached the station too late to catch the train.
他们到火车站太迟了，没赶上火车。

以上句式用了too...to结构，意思为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义。但是当
too...to...用来修饰表示态度、情绪、倾向等的形容词时，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，
pleased，ready，willing等，不定式为肯定意义。
He remarked he was too delighted to visit our city.
他说他很高兴访问我市。

(1)这个箱子太重，提不起来。
The box is too heavy to lift.
(2)老师们很乐意接受对他们的教学方法提出的建议。
Teachers are too glad to accept the suggestions on their teaching method.
2. In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的
水管爆裂了。

He felt he would burst with anger and shame.
他恼羞成怒，都要气炸了。
The dam burst under the weight of water.
大坝在水的巨大压力下溃决了。
He burst into the room without knocking.
他没敲门就闯进了屋子。
The sun burst through the clouds.
太阳破云而出。
The words burst from her in an angry rush.
她脱口说出了那一堆气话。
There was a burst of laughter in the next room.
隔壁房间突然爆发出一阵笑声。
burst既是名词也是动词，意为“爆炸；猛冲；爆发；突然出现”。
burst into突然闯入，突然……起来，后接名词
burst into tears/laughter突然哭/笑起来
burst into a room(闯)进房间
burst out突然开始，后接v.­ing形式；(战争、疾病等)突然发生(＝break out)
burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来
burst in突然插嘴，打断谈话；突然来到
(1)He suddenly burst into tears/burst out crying (哭了起来).
(2)The audience burst into cheers/burst out cheering (爆发了一阵欢呼声).
(3)The war burst out/broke out (爆发).
3. It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
①You look/looked as if you had seen a ghost.
你的神色看起来像撞到鬼了。
②He looks as if he were an artist.
看上去他好像是个艺术家似的。
③She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.
她讲英语很流利，就像在美国学习过似的。
④It seems as if it’s going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
⑤It seemed as if he wasn’t satisfied with your work.
看来他好像对你的工作不满意。
as if系从属连词，意为“好像”。根据情况，as if从句中可使用真实语气，如例句④⑤，
表示事实如此；从句也可用虚拟语气，如例句①②③，表示事实并非如此。as if从句表示
的动作如果指现在的动作，从句的谓语用一般过去时(be用were)；如果表示过去的动作，
从句中用过去完成时；如果指将来，则用would＋动词原形。
as if从句的主语如果和主句的主语一致，同时从句的谓语中含有be的某种形式，这时可以
把从句的主语和be省去，后面保留介词短语、分词短语或不定式短语等形式。
He shook his head as if to say “No”.他摇了摇头，似乎想说“不”。
When he had finished，he waited as if for a reply.
讲完后，他等着，仿佛在等一个答复。
He looked around as if for help.
他环视四周，好像在寻求帮助。
(1)It seems as if she the novel but in fact she’s never heard of it at all.
A.had read B.has read
C.read D.would read
答案　A
(2)The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in
the right direction.
A.seeing B.having seen
C.to see D.to have seen
答案　C
(3)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.
A.was happening B.happens
C.has happened D.happened
答案　D
4. Two­thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.三分之二的人在地震中受
伤或死去。
I was injured in a street accident.
我在一次车祸中受了伤。
John fell off the tree and injured his back.
约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤了。
injure，词性为动词，意为“损害，伤害”。
injury n.伤害，损伤
injured adj.受伤的
the injured受伤的人；伤员(表示一类人)
injure，hurt，wound，harm
(1)injure多指造成容颜、机能的损害；在事故中受伤。
(2)hurt一般指精神上或肉体上受到伤害，有强烈的疼痛感。
(3)wound指(人)在战斗、攻击中受伤。
(4)harm常用于口语，一般用作及物动词，表示“对……有害/损害”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
吸烟太多会损害你的健康。
You will harm your health by smoking too much.
5. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沦为了
废墟。
He wanted to become a doctor but his mother’s death was the ruin of his hope.
他想当医生，但他母亲的死使他的希望破灭了。
She poured water over my painting and ruined it.
她把水浇在我的画上，将画毁掉了。
We visited the ruins of the temple.
我们参观了那个庙宇的遗迹。
The castle is now in ruins.
城堡现在已成废墟。
ruin动词或名词，意为“毁灭，毁坏”，其复数形式ruins意为“废墟，遗迹”，in ruins
意为“成为废墟”。
bring sb. to ruin毁灭某人
come/go to ruin毁灭
The fire left the temple .
A.ruin B.in ruin C.ruins D.in ruins
答案　D
6. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.所见之处，几乎一切都被毁了。

①His dog follows him everywhere he goes.
无论到哪里，他那条狗总跟着他。
②I can’t find my pen though I’ve looked everywhere.
我到处找那支钢笔，可就是找不到。
③Everywhere seemed silent.
万籁俱寂。
④Fire destroyed the forest.
大火烧毁了森林。
⑤The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.
几场暴雨把大部分庄稼都毁坏了。
在例①中，everywhere用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“无论何处”；在例②中词性是副
词，意为“到处，处处”，在例③中词性是名词，意为“每个地方”。在例④⑤中，
destroy词性是动词，意为“破坏，毁坏，消灭”。
destroy，damage，ruin
(1)destroy指彻底的损坏，常含不能或很难修复的意思。destroy可接人，也可以接物。
(2)damage损坏，毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值。damage通常接物。
(3)ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果。常
指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
用destroy，damage，ruin的适当形式填空
(1)What left the town in ruins?
(2)The fire destroyed their houses and they became homeless.
(3)The fire did great damage to the town.
7. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些医生和营救人
员被困在了废墟下。
The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.
救生艇被派出去救沉船上的水手。
The rescue team came to the visitors’ rescue on the island.
救援队去营救岛上的游客。
The car was trapped in the deep snow.
车陷在深雪中了。
I was trapped into signing a confession.
我被诱骗在供词上签了字。
rescue，名词或动词，意为“营救”，rescue sb.from...意为“从……中把人救出来”；
the rescue team意为“救援队”；come/go to sb.’s rescue意为“营救某人”。be trapped in/
by...意为“困在……中”；trap sb.into doing sth./sth.意为“诱骗某人做某事”。
be caught in＝be stuck in＝be trapped in均意为“困在……中”。
(1)The soldiers have tried to go to rescue in the lake.
A.the boy B.their
C.the D.the boy’s
答案　D
(2)The girl cried because she the elevator.
A.has trapped in B.had trapped by
C.was trapped with D.was trapped in
答案　D
8. All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
Not all the answers are right.
＝All the answers are not right.
并非所有的答案都对。
Not every boy likes football.
＝Every boy does not like football.
并不是每个男孩都喜欢足球。
Both of them don’t like English.
他们俩并不都喜欢英语。
以上例句在意义上都表示部分否定，译为“并不是所有的都……；两者不都……”；其构
成条件是not＋all/every/both...或all/every/both...＋not。
“all，every，both等全肯定词＋not＋谓语动词”或“not＋all，every，both等全肯定词＋
谓语动词”构成部分否定。所谓全肯定词，是指含有全体意义的代词与副词，常见的有：
all，both，always，every(everybody，everyone，everything，everywhere)等。如果表示全
部否定，要分别用none，neither，never，no，nobody，nothing，nowhere。
Neither of them is doctors.他们俩都不是医生。
No boy likes football. 没有一个男孩喜欢足球。
(1)All men here are not honest.
这儿的人并非都诚实。
(2)Both of the brothers don’t like the film.
兄弟俩并不都喜欢这部电影。
(3)Not everything went well with him.
他并非每件事情都顺利。
(4)I never get up late.
我从不晚起床。
(5)None of my friends smoke.
我的朋友都不吸烟。
(6)Nothing is needed.
什么都不需要。
9 To the north of the city，most of the 10，000 miners were rescued from the coal mines
there.在城市的北部，有一个有万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。
①To the south of the mountain，there is a river.
在山的南面有一条河。
②To the east of the village lies a factory.
村东有个工厂。
③East of the town is a tower.
城东有个塔。
在例①中，to the south of the mountain在句中作状语。在例②中，表示方位的to the east of
the village置于句首，本句用了倒装结构，该短语也可省略为像例③的east of the
village形式。
方位词位于句首时，常用句式为：(To the)East/West...＋动词＋主语。
stands a tower.
A.To east of the hill B.The east of the hill
C.In the east of the hill D.East of the hill
答案　D

Section Three　Grammar

定语从句(Ⅰ)
1.Titanic is the ship that sank after hitting an iceberg.
2.Rose and Jack are the lovers who met on the ship.
3.The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
4.We don’t know the number of people that/who lost their homes in the earthquake of 1906.
以上4句的斜体部分都是对其前的名词进行修饰限制的，即作了该名词的定语。定语是用
来限定、修饰名词或代词的，主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副
词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个从句即定语从句来担任。单词作定
语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语；短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之
后，作后置定语。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成
分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。如以
上例句中的斜体部分。
关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有
that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有where，when，why等。关系词常
有3个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词，如以上例句中的划线部分。
1.that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。
The house (that) I’m going to buy faces south.
Jane has borrowed the book that was written by Lao She.
2.which 指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
I’m not interested in the book which has just been published.
I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
3.who、whom指人，在从句中who作主语和宾语，whom只能作宾语；作宾语时二者都可
以省略。
The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
4.whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。
The girl whose father had given us a report got first.
That’s the machine whose parts are too small to see.
5.限制性定语从句中只能用that的几种情况
(1)当先行词是anything，everything，nothing (something 除外)，few，all，none，little，
some等代词时，或者是由every，any，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等修饰
时。
Have you taken down everything (that) Mr.Li has said?
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
All that can be done has been done.
There is little (that) I can do for you.
Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
(2)当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only、the very来修饰或当先行词前面有
who，which等疑问代词时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
This is the best film that I have seen.
Wang Hua is the only person in our school that will attend the meeting.
Who is the man that is standing there?
Which is the T­shirt that fits me most?
(3)当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
(4)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with who，whom，whose，which and that.
1.The man who/whom/that I saw told me to wait.
2.The man to whom I spoke was a foreigner.
3.I know a boy whose father is an acrobat(杂技演员).
4.He saw a house whose windows were all broken.
5.All the apples that fall are eaten by wild boars.
6.Can you think of anyone that/who could look after him?
7.This is the best hotel that I know.
8.He showed us a machine whose parts were too small to be seen.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.他指给我看他画的画。
He showed me the picture that he drew.
2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。
I don’t know the girl whom/that/who you speak to.
3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。
She is a girl who is called Mary.
4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。
Those boys who are playing tennis are my friends.
5.你记不记得我们一起度过的那一天？
Do you remember the day that we spent together?
Section Four　Using Language
Ⅰ.Lead­in
1.Have you ever written a speech?
2.What is a speech?
Speech means an act of speaking formally to a group of listeners.
3.What do you have to consider when you are writing a speech? Please discuss it in pairs.
(1)Who is the audience? (2)How can we express ourselves clearly?
Ⅱ.What should you include in your speech when you try to write a speech? Read the letter on
Page 30 and imagine you are the student who was invited to give a speech.Now write a
short speech，in which you should follow the points in Exercise 2 on Page 30.
Language Points
1. This frightened boy whose mother was lost...is looking for her now.那个受了惊吓的男
孩……正在找走失的妈妈。
Don’t stand so near the well.You are frightening me.
别站得离井这么近，你吓死我了。
The frightened girl hid herself behind the big tree.
这个吓坏了的小女孩藏在了大树后。
I still remember the frightening experience on the lonely island.
我依然记得在那个偏僻的岛上的骇人的经历。
frighten，及物动词，意为“使惊吓，使害怕”；frightened，形容词，意为“吓坏的，害
怕的”；frightening，词性形容词，意为“令人害怕的”。
fright n.惊吓，害怕
用fright