2016年职称英语综合B试卷及答案.docx

2016年全国职称英语等级考试综合类（B级）试题及参考答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项.
1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are at risk of flooding.
A. In danger B. out of control C. between equals D. in particular

2. The course gives you basic instruction in maintenance.
A. Idea B. term C. aspect D. Coaching

3. We are aware of the potential problem.
A. Possible B. global C. ongoing D. Central

4. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.
A. Regulated B. increase C. fell D. Maintained

5. The revelation of his pas led to his resignation.
A. Imagination B. confirmation C. recall D. Disclosure

6. The details of the costume were totally authentic.
A. Real B. Outstanding C. creative D. False

7. The new garment fits her perfectly.
A. Haircut B. purse C. Clothes D. Necklace

8. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.
A. Stable B. suitable C. changeable D. Adaptable

9. The idea was quite brilliant.
A. Positive B. key C. original D. Clever

10. They have built canals to irrigate the desert.
A. Decorate B. change C. water D. Visit

11. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.
A. Disabled B. pupil C. baby D. Teenager

12. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.
A. Warm B. severe C. hard D. Dry

13. The phobia may have its roots in a childhood trauma.
A. Fear B. joy C. hurt D. memory
14. You will have to sprint if you want to catch the train.
A. Jump B. run C. escape D. Prepare

15. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.
A. Careless B. strong C. cruel D. Hard

第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Time to Stop Traveling by Air

　　Twenty-five years ago a young British man called Mark Ellingham decided that he wanted a change of scenery. So he went to Australia, stopping off in many countries between. He also decided to write about the experience and produced a guide for other travelers making similar journeys.
　　In 1970, British airports were used by 32million people. In 2004, the figure was 216 million. In 2030, according to government forecasts, it will be around 500 million. It's a growth driven by the emergence of low cost airlines, offering access to all parts of the world for less than £100.
　　This has made a huge contribution to global warming. One return flight from Britain to the US produces the same carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)as a year's motoring(驾车). A return flight to Australia equals the emissions(排放)of three average cars for a year. And the pollution is released at a height where its effect on climate change is more than double that on the ground.
　　Mark Ellingham built his business on helping people travel. Now he wants to help people stop – at least by air.
　　He is calling for a £100 green tax on all flights to Europe and Africa, and £250 on flights to the rest of the world. He also wants investment to create a low-carbon economy, as well as a halt to airport expansion.
　　Mark Ellingham's commitment is important because his readers aren't just the sort of young and adventurous people who would happily jump on a plane to spend a weekend exploring a foreign culture. They are also the sort of people who say they care about the environment. It's a debate that splits people down the middle.
　　The tourist industry has responded by offering offsetting(补偿)schemes. A small increase in the price of a ticket is used to plant trees.
But critics say that it is not enough to just be carbon neutral. We should be actively cutting back on putting green house gases into the atmosphere. And for the average person, making a plane journey will be his or her largest contribution to global warming. It maybe good to repair the damage we do. But surely it is better not to do the damage in the first place.

16.Mark Ellingham spent quite a few days in China on his way to Australia 25 years ago.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.Traveling from Britain to any other part of the world may cost you less than £100.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.A round trip flight from Britain to Australia produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as three average cars do in a year.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19.Mark Ellingham has never hesitated to encourage people to travel by air.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20.Mark Ellingham's readers are not interested in environmental protection.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.Critics argue that the best way to protect our environment is not to do any damage to it.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.Mark Ellingham will collaborate with the critics in his efforts to fight global warming.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题; (2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Tunguska Event

　　1 A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped (撕裂) open the day y above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.
　　2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. The fireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska River, still remains a mystery.
　　3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17 a.m. on June 30, 1908. This possibility worries scientists. “Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(块) of land ... and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated,” the British science journal Nature commented recently.
　　4 But no fragments of the “rock” have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect (使偏转) it or blow it up in space.
5 However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germany's Bonn University, believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane(甲烷)-rich gas from deep within earth's crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.

23. Paragraph 2
24. Paragraph 3
25. Paragraph 4
26. Paragraph 5

A. Competing Explanations
B. Unknown Attacks
C. Mysterious Explosion
D. Star War
E. Importance of Finding Evidence
F. Explanation that Worries Scientists

参考答案：Ｃ、Ｆ、Ｅ、Ａ

27. The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago
28. The shock wave which followed the dazzling light
29. The hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth
30. Wolfgang Kundt, who has developed an alternative theory

A. has remained a puzzle
B. lacks sufficient evidence
C. is a university professor
D. was generated by the explosion
E. will kill many animals
F. are attacked by aliens

参考答案：A、D、B、C

第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 Sports Star Yao Ming

　　If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.
　　But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) but also for being a symbol of international commerce.
　　When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft (选拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough — no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he isa handful (难对付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as abridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.
　　When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success,and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.
　　Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China,where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits, although new research from the university of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may speed stimulate bone repair.
“There is no reason to dismiss TCM,"Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’s been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it’s short on science.”

31.The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means_____.
A. Iarge.
B. fat.
C. all.
D. Great.

32.   Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____.
A.mobility.
B.assault
C.defense.
D.Celebrity.

33.   Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_______.
A. his right foot had been hurting.
B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.
C. the surgical operation had been a failure.
D.  he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.

34.   Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?________.
A.He missed the Athens Olympics.
B. He is an NBA player.
C. He fractured his left foot.
D. He is an international figure.

35.   In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is___________.
A. indifferent.
B. positive.
C. negative.
D. Doubtful.

第二篇 　 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements

　Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.
　　Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.
　　Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel.
　　Among the pair's possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.
　　As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute.
　　Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry,, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden's central bank.
　　Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.
　　Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor ( US $1.3 million. prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.
　　"Individual researchers probably don't look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they're at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions."
　　In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth.
36. Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year's Nobel Prize in medicine?
A Elizabeth Blackburn.
B Carol Greider .
C Linda Buck.
D Pierre Chambon.

37. Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?
A He was from Sweden
B He was the inventor of dynamite.
C He established the prizes in his will
D He gave clear instructions on how to select winners.

38. Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?
A The medicine prize.
B The literature prize.
C The peace prize.
D The economics prize.

39. The word "kicks" in line 6 from the bottom probably means
A excitement.
B income.
C motivation.
D knowledge.

40. The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of
A money in medical research.
B proteins in cancer treatment.
C hormones in the functioning of life.
D telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.

第三篇　 Ethnic Tensions in Belgium

　　Belgium has given the world Audrey Hepburn Rene Magritte (surrealist artist), the saxophone(萨克斯管)and deep-fried potato chips that are somehow called French.
　　But the story behind this flat, twice-Beijing-size country is of a bad marriage between two nationalities living together that cannot stand each other. With no new government, more than a hundred days after a general election, rumors run wild that the country is about to disappear.
　　"We are two different nations, an artificial state. With nothing in common except a king, chocolate and beer." Said Filp Dewinter, the leader of the Flemish Bloc, the extreme-right Flemish party.
　　Radical Flemish separatists like Mr Dewinter want to divide the country horizontally along ethnic and economic lines: to the north. Flanders—where Dutch (known locally as Flemish) is spoken and money is increasingly made; to the south. French-speaking Wallonla, where today old factories dominate the landscape.
　　The area of present-day Belgium passed to the French in the 18th century. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Belgium was given to the kingdom of the Netherlands