专业英语第二单元Computer-Hardware.doc

第2单元
课文A：计算机硬件(Computer Hardware)
一、引言(introduction)
1.
Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consists of the components that can be physically handled.
be involved in 包括，涉及; 与...有关;
被卷入; 专心地(做)
be involved in trouble 卷入纠纷
be involved in disaster 陷入不幸
He was involved in working out a plan.
他专心致志地制订计划。
function---功能，函数，（功能元件）
翻译1：
计算机硬件是计算机运行所需要的设备，由可进行物理处理的元件组成。
翻译2：
计算机硬件是涉及到计算机功能部件的设备，这些设备能进行物理（实体）操作。

2.学生翻译：
这些部件的功能一般分为3个主要类别：输入、输出和存储。
is divided into three categories
分为3个类别

翻译：
The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage.

3.
Components in these categories connect to microprocessors, specifically [spI5sIfIkElI], the computer's central processing unit (CPU), the electronic circuitry that provides the computational ability and control of the computer, via wires or circuitry called a bus.

Ø the electronic circuitry做什么成分？
Ø and 并列结构中的via...修饰什么？

翻译1：不好？
这些类别的元件与微处理器相连接，特别是与计算机的中央处理器相连接，而后者是通过被称之为线路或电路的总线来提供计算能力和对计算机进行控制的电子电路。
翻译2：
这3类部件与微处理器相连接，明确地的说是与计算机的中央处理器相连接，微处理器是提供了计算能力和通过总线对计算机进行控制的电子电路。

specifically---明确地；清楚地
specially---特别

4.
Software, on the other hand, is the set of instructions a computer uses to manipulate data, such as a word-processing program or a video game.

翻译：
另一方面，软件是计算机用来处理数据的一套指令，如字处理程序或者视频游戏。

5.
These programs are usually stored and transferred via the computer's hardware to and from the CPU.

Ø 如何翻译store？
store v.n. 贮存 n商店,【自】存储器
Ø 如何翻译红色部分？
transferred programs to and from the CPU

翻译1：
这些程序通常被存储起来，并由计算机硬件调入和调出中央处理器。
翻译2：
这些程序通常存放在存储器中，并通过计算机硬件在存储器和CPU之间来回传送。

6.
Software also governs how the hardware is utilized; for example, how information is retrieved from a storage device.
govern v.统治, 支配, 管理
government n
Ø retrieve---取回，检索;
information retrieval---信息检索
翻译：
软件也控制着硬件如何使用；例如，如何从存储设备中检索信息。

7.提问？学生翻译：
输入与输出硬件的交互作用是由基本输入输出系统（BIOS）软件控制的。
BIOS--- Basic Input Output System

翻译：
The interaction between the input and output hardware is controlled by software called the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) software.
====================================
inter---
interact interaction
Internet
intermediate adj.中间的; 中级的；中间人的;
interface n.[地质]分界面, 接触面, [物、化]界面
interoceanic adj.大洋间的
====================================

8.略讲
尽管微处理器在技术上仍被认为是硬件，其部分功能也与计算机软件有关系。
Ø have relations with 和...有(某种)关系
Ø be associated with
Ø be relative to 和...成比例; 和...有关系

翻译：
Although microprocessors are still technically considered to be hardware, portions of their function are also associated with computer software.
9.略讲
Since microprocessors have both hardware and software aspects they are therefore often referred to as firmware.
refer to A as B v.称A为B
Ø aspect n.样子, 外表, 面貌
respect n.尊敬, 关系, 有关
vt.尊敬
in all respects 无论从哪方面来看
in some respects 在某些方面
without respect to不管；不考虑
with respect to谈到
with respect to the recent flood
谈到最近的洪水

翻译：
既然微处理器同时具有硬件与软件方面的特征，因此,它们经常被称作固件。

二、输入硬件(Input Hardware)
10.
输入硬件由给计算机提供信息和指令的外部设备(即中央处理器以外的元件)组成。
Ø 组成--- consists of
Ø 外部设备--- external devices
the external world 客观世界
the external walls of a house一座房屋的外墙
External causes become operative through internal causes.
外因通过内因而起作用。
"This medicine is for external use only, not for drinking."
"此药只供外用,不可内服。"

Input hardware consists of external devices-that is, components outside of the computer's CPU-that provide information and instructions to the computer.

11. or连接哪些并列结构？
A light pen is a stylus with a light sensitive tip that is used to draw directly on a computer's video screen or to select information on the screen by pressing a clip（夹子，回形针） in the light pen or by pressing the light pen against the surface of the screen.

Ø

A light pen---光笔
Ø stylus---铁笔, 输入笔，
(留声机的)唱针, 触针, 测头
light stylus---光笔
writing stylus---记录笔
Ø sensitive---敏感的, 灵敏的
touch-sensitive
sensitive film 感光软片[胶卷]
develop a film
He developed the photographs which he had taken.他冲洗了他拍摄的胶卷。

Ø tip---尖端; 小费; 提示, 技巧;
I gave a tip to the man who carried my cases.
我给了那个替我拿箱子的人一点小费。

翻译：
光笔是具有光敏头的输入笔，使用光敏头在计算机屏幕上直接写画、通过按光笔上的夹子或用光笔接触屏幕来在屏幕上选择信息。

12.
The pen contains light sensors that identify which portion of the screen it is passed over.
翻译：
这种笔含有光传感器，能够识别屏幕上笔经过的部分。

Ø sensor---传感器
Ø identify---识别
身份证---ID card
identification card/identity card
============================
identify---识别
识别--- recognition
Chinese character recognition汉字识别
optical character recognition光学字符识别
sound-and-speech recognition声音和言语识别
============================

13.
A mouse is a pointing device designed to be gripped by one hand.
Ø pointing device n.定点设备

翻译：
鼠标是为一只手抓握而设计的指示设备。

14.
It has a detection device (usually a ball) on the bottom that enables the user to control the motion of an on-screen pointer, or cursor, by moving the mouse on a flat surface.
that 指代谁？
Ø detection---n.探知;发觉;检查
detect detector
Ø flat surface--平面

翻译：
它的底部有一个探测装置（通常是一个圆球），使用户通过在一个平面上移动鼠标能够控制屏幕上指针或光标的运动。

15.
As the device moves across the surface, the cursor moves across the screen.

翻译：
当鼠标滑过平面的时候，光标随着在屏幕上移动。

16.
To select items or choose commands on the screen, the user presses a button on the mouse.
翻译：
要在屏幕上选择项目或命令，用户就点击鼠标上的按钮。
Ø single click double click
==============================
choose select pick prefer
都含“挑选”、“ 选择”的意思。
==============================

17.中文翻译为英文---处理句子结构
操纵杆是由一个杠杆组成的指示设备，该杆以向多个方向移动来操纵（navigate）计算机屏幕上的光标或者其他图形对象。
Ø 操纵杆, 控制手柄--- joystick
lever n.杆; 杠杆, 类似杠杆的物体
手段; 途径; 工具
v.
Pity is a lever for quickening love.
怜悯是加速爱情的手段。
Ø 操纵, ---
control manipulate navigate steer--驾驶
multiple directions---向多个方向

翻译：
A joystick is a pointing device composed of a lever that moves in multiple directions to navigate a cursor or other graphical object on a computer screen.

18.学生翻译：
键盘是一个像打字机的设备，它使用户得以向计算机键入文本和命令。
键盘---keyboard
键入---type

翻译：
A keyboard is a typewriter-like device that allows the user to type in text and commands to the computer.

19.
Some keyboards have special function keys or integrated pointing devices, such as a trackball or touch-sensitive regions that let the user's finger motions move an on-screen cursor.
Ø function keys---功能键
Ø trackball---轨迹球
Ø touch-sensitive---触敏的
翻译：
有些键盘有特殊功能键或集成的指示设备，如轨迹球或者可以让用户通过手指的移动来移动屏幕上光标的触敏区。

20.学生翻译：汉译英
光扫描仪利用光感应设备将图片或文本等形式的图像转换成计算机能够处理的电子信号（表目的）。

An optical scanner uses light-sensing equipment to convert images such as a picture or text into electronic signals that can be manipulated by a computer.
Ø optical scanner---光扫描器
light-sensing equipment---光感应设备
Ø convert ... into ...
I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars.
我想把一些港元换成美元。

21.
例如，一张照片能够被扫入一台计算机，然后包括在该计算机建立的文本文件中。
Ø photograph--照片
翻译：
For example, a photograph can be scanned into a computer and then included in a text document created on that computer.

22.翻译：英语译汉语
The two most common scanner types are the flatbed scanner, which is similar to an office photocopier, and the hand-held scanner, which is passed manually across the image to be processed.
最常见的两种扫描仪类型是平板式扫描仪和手持式扫描仪，前者类似一台办公复印机，后者用手动的方式从要处理的图像上扫过。
Ø 平板式扫描仪--- the flatbed scanner
Ø 办公复印机---office photocopier
Ø 手持式扫描仪--- hand-held scanner
pass manually across

23.
麦克风是将声音转换成可被计算机存储、处理和回放的信号的设备。
Ø 麦克风--- microphone

翻译：
A microphone is a device for converting sound into signals that can then be stored, manipulated, and played back by the computer.

24.翻译：英语译汉语
A voice recognition module（模块） is a device that converts spoken words into information that the computer can recognize and process.

语音识别模块是将说的话转换成计算机能够识别和处理的信号的设备。
Ø 模块--- module

25.翻译：英语译汉语
A modem, which stands for modulator-demodulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer.
Ø modulator---调制器 AM FM
Ø demodulator---解调器
Ø transmit (to) or receive (from)

翻译：
调制解调器代表调制器―解调器，是将计算机与电话线连接、允许信息传给或接自另一台计算机的设备。

26.
每台发送或接收信息的计算机都必须与调制解调器相连接。

翻译：
Each computer that sends or receives information must be connected to a modem.

27. 翻译：英语译汉语
The information sent from one computer is converted by the modem into an audio signal, which is then transmitted by telephone lines to the receiving modem, which converts the signal into information that the receiving computer can understand.
计算机发送的信息由调制解调器转换成音频信号，然后通过电话线传送到接收调制解调器上，由其将信号转换成接收计算机能够理解的信息。
Ø 音频信号--- audio signal;
Ø video signal video display

三、输出硬件(Output Hardware )
28.
输出硬件由将信息从计算机中央处理器传给计算机用户的外部设备构成。
Ø transfer ... from ... to ...

Output hardware consists of external devices that transfer information from the computer's CPU to the computer user.

29.
视频显示器或屏幕将计算机生成的信息转换成可视信息。
Ø 视频显示器--- A video display
Ø 可视信息---visual information

A video display, or screen, converts information generated by the computer into visual information.

30.
Displays commonly take one of two forms: a video screen with a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a video screen with a liquid crystal display (LCD).
显示器一般有两种形式：阴极射线管视频屏幕和液晶显示视频屏幕。
Ø take one of two forms---(采用)有两种形式
type---?
Ø cathode ray tube (CRT)--- 阴极射线管
Ø liquid crystal display (LCD)--- 液晶显示

31.
A CRT-based screen, or monitor, looks similar to a television set.
基于阴极射线管的屏幕或监视器看起来就像一台电视机。
Ø CRT-based---
Ø 监视器--- monitor
Ø looks similar to---
similar triangles【数】相似三角形
in a similar way 以与...相似的方式

比较: resemble
He strongly resembles his father.
他酷似他的父亲。
Like father, like son.

32.
Information from the CPU is displayed using a beam of electrons that scans a phosphorescent surface that emits light and creates images.
Ø phosphorescent adj.发出磷光的, 磷光性的
Ø emit light---发出光

从中央处理器输出的信息，使用电子束显示出来，其过程是电子束扫描荧光屏，而荧光屏则发出光并产生图像。

33.
基于液晶显示器的屏幕将可视信息显示在比基于阴极射线管的视频监视器更平、更小的屏幕上。液晶显示器常常用于膝上型计算机。
Ø 膝上型--- laptop
Ø desktop

An LCD-based screen displays visual information on a flatter and smaller screen than a CRT-based video monitor. LCDs are frequently used in laptop computers.

34.
打印机把从计算机获得的文本和图像打印在纸上。
Ø 获得, 接受--- take

Printers take text and image from a computer and print them on paper.

35.
Dot-matrix printers use tiny wires to impact upon an inked ribbon to form characters.
点阵打印机使用细小的金属丝打击色带，从而形成字符。
Ø 点阵打印--- Dot-matrix printers
Ø 打击, 冲击--- impact
have a strong impact on对....有巨大影响
have a great impact on对....有巨大影响
Ø 色带--- inked ribbon

36.that指代什么？
Laser printers employ beams of light to draw images on a drum that then picks up fine black particles called toner（墨粉）. The toner is fused（熔凝） to a page to produce an image.
激光打印机使用光束在磁鼓上画图像，然后由磁鼓吸起被称之为色粉的微小黑粒。色粉熔凝到纸上，形成图像。

Ø Laser printers---激光打印机
Ø drum--磁鼓
Ø picks up---捡起；获得
Ø fine---细的；纤细的
fine lines ---细线
fine sugar ---精糖
Ø particle--颗粒, 微粒, 粒子
Ø toner n.调色剂, 调色，色粉，墨粉
tone n.音调, 音质, 语调, 色调, 语气
vt.调和, 定音调
note--音符, 曲调; 符号, 记号
tune n. 曲调, 调子
v. 调谐; 使和谐; 使一致
tune a TV set---调整电视的频道
tune a violin---调准提琴的音

fuse n.保险丝, 熔丝 v.熔合
confuse vt. 使混乱， 混淆; 弄错
be confused in mind 心烦意乱

37.
Inkjet printers fire droplets of ink onto a page to form characters and pictures.
翻译：
喷墨打印机将小墨滴到纸上，形成字符和图像。

Inkjet printers---喷墨打印机
fire---开火; (枪等)射击;喷射
droplet----小滴 ---let: tiny
applet

四、存储硬件(Storage Hardware )
38.
Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval （检索，取回）by the computer.
Ø permanent --- adj.永久的, 持久的
impermanent
constant durable enduring
lasting stable steady

翻译：
存储硬件为计算机检索提供信息和程序的永久性存储。

39.
两种主要的存储设备是磁盘驱动器和存储器。

翻译：
The two main types of storage devices are disk drives and memory.

40.
磁盘驱动器有几种类型：硬盘、软盘、磁光盘和光盘。
翻译：
There are several types of disk drives: hard, floppy, magneto-optical , and compact.

Ø 硬盘---Hard disk
Ø 软盘---
Ø 磁光盘--- magneto-optical
magneto---永磁式的
magneto-electric---adj.磁电的, 电磁的
magnetic---adj.磁的, 有磁性的,
Ø 光盘--- compact disk/compact disc
compact---紧密的；结实的；密集的

41.
硬盘驱动器将信息存储在盘中嵌入的磁性颗粒中。
Ø embed---vt.使插入, 使嵌入
Ø 磁性的--- magnetic
magnetic field
Ø 颗粒---particle

Hard disk drives store information in magnetic particles embedded in a disk.

42.
硬盘驱动器通常是计算机的固定部分，能存储大量的信息并对其进行快速的检索。
Ø 固定部分--- a permanent part
fixed immobile immovable settled
steadfast(坚定的; 固定的;)
movable(moveable)---活动的, 变动的
removable---可移动的

Usually a permanent part of the computer, hard disk drives can store large amounts of information and retrieve that information very quickly.

43.
软盘驱动器也将信息存储在磁性颗粒中，这些颗粒是嵌入在可移动的盘中，而这些盘可能是软的、也可能是硬的。
Ø 硬的--- rigid（刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的）
Ø hard（硬的, 坚固的）/difficult
“困难的”、“需费力的”

Floppy disk drives also store information in magnetic particles embedded in removable disks that may be floppy or rigid.

44.
软盘比硬盘存储的信息少，检索这些信息的速度也慢得多。
Ø at a much slower rate
rate n.比率, 速度, 等级, 价格, 费用
vt.估价, 鉴定等级, 责骂
speed velocity

补：
Ø have slightly slower retrieval speeds
Ø have a slower rate of information retrieval

Floppy disks store less information than a hard disk drive and retrieve the information at a much slower rate.

45.
磁光盘驱动器将信息存储在对激光和磁场都敏感的可移动盘上。它们可存储的信息通常与硬盘一样多，但检索速度稍微慢一点。
Ø 磁光盘驱动器--- Magneto-optical disc
Ø as much information as---与...一样多
have much to do with
与...很有关系, 与...有很大关系
----
as much---同样地; 这样地

Magneto-optical disc drives store information on removable discs that are sensitive to both laser light and magnetic fields. They can typically store as much information as hard disks but have slightly slower retrieval speeds.

46. 学生翻译：英语译汉语
Compact disc drives (CD-ROM) store information on pits burned into the surface of a disc of ref1ective material.
光驱（CD-ROM）将信息存储在由反射材料制成的光盘表面所烧蚀的凹陷区中。
²pit---n.坑 v.变坑洼; 凹陷
²dig a pit for sb.
为某人挖陷阱, 使某人陷入圈套

A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit.
吃一堑, 长一智。
补：cavern(n. 大洞穴) cave n.v. hole

47.
存储在光盘上的信息不能擦除或用新信息改写。它们能够存储和硬盘差不多的信息量，但信息检索速度比其慢。
Ø erase---擦除(delete)
He tried to erase from his memory the terrible accident.
他试图忘掉那个可怕的事件。
Ø wipe v.擦, 揩, 擦去 wipe up揩干

The information stored on CD-ROMs cannot be erased or overwritten with new information. They can store about as much information as a hard drive but have a slower rate of information retrieval.

48.
存储器是指存储信息供中央处理器快速检索的计算机芯片。
Ø 指---- refer to（谈到, 涉及）
the question referred to
所谈到的问题
Ø refer to sb. [sth.] as 称某人[物]为

Memory refers to the computer chips that store information for quick retrieval by the CPU.

49.
随机访问存储器（RAM）用来存储操作计算机程序的信息和指令。
Ø Random access memory (RAM)
Ø
Random access memory (RAM) is used to store the information and instructions that operate