中山大学新理5.0英语自主学习大厅第四册第一单元D套答案.doc

中山大学新理5.0英语自主学习大厅第四册第一单元D套答案
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Part I Listening Comprehension ( 15 minutes )

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false.

1.
A) T
B) F
Script: Both Napoleon and Hitler failed in their invasion of Russia because of the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
正确答案： A
2.
A) T
B) F
Script: In invasion of Russia, Napoleon led a well-trained and well-equipped army, and used “lightning war” tactics.
正确答案： B
3.
A) T
B) F
Script: In the face of Napoleon’s assault, the Russians retreated eastward without resistance.
正确答案： A
4.
A) T
B) F
Script: After Napoleon captured the capital of Russia, he was very happy because French army could get a lot of treasure there.
正确答案： B
5.
A) T
B) F
Script: When Napoleon’s Grand Army attacked Moscow, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French from fields and forests.
正确答案： B
6.
A) T
B) F
Script: At the Berezina River, Napoleon’s Grand Army failed to escape because the Russians burnt the bridges over the swollen river.
正确答案： B
7.
A) T
B) F
Script: The purpose of the Normandy Landings was only to free French people from the occupation of German army.
正确答案： B
8.
A) T
B) F
Script: Although the weather of 5 June was bad, General Eisenhower gave the order of the invasion of Normandy.
正确答案： B
9.
A) T
B) F
Script: At the beginning of the assault, the German army were taken completely by surprise only because of the bad weather.
正确答案： B
10.
A) T
B) F
Script: The Allied forces led by General Eisenhower succeeded in the Normandy Landings after overcoming many difficulties caused by bad weather.
正确答案： A

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet (11)_________________ on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace (12)_________________ . The League of Nations deemed the attack (13)_________________ and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939.
The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been (14)_________________ by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army’s (15)_________________ and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. With more than 30,000 of its army officers (16)_________________ or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many (17)_________________ senior officers. Because of these factors, and (18)_________________ and morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the Soviets expected.
Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were heavy, and the country’s (19)_________________ . The Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, but did (20)_________________ along Lake Ladoga to provide a buffer for Leningrad. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation.

Script: The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland. It began with a Soviet offensive on 30 November 1939 and ended on 13 March 1940 with the Moscow Peace Treaty. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939.
The Soviet forces had three times as many soldiers as the Finns, 30 times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been crippled by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of 1937, reducing the army’s morale and efficiency shortly before the outbreak of the fighting. With more than 30,000 of its army officers executed or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many inexperienced senior officers. Because of these factors, and high commitment and morale in the Finnish forces, Finland was able to resist the Soviet invasion for far longer than the Soviets expected.
Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded 11% of its pre-war territory and 30% of its economic assets to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses on the front were heavy, and the country’s international reputation suffered. The Soviet forces did not accomplish their objective of the total conquest of Finland, but did gain sufficient territory along Lake Ladoga to provide a buffer for Leningrad. The Finns, however, retained their sovereignty and enhanced their international reputation.

正确答案： offensive
正确答案： Treaty
正确答案： illegal
正确答案： crippled
正确答案： morale
正确答案： executed
正确答案： inexperienced
正确答案： high commitment
正确答案： international reputation suffered
正确答案： gain sufficient territory

Part II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes )

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

As Hitler’s armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter 21 the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely 22 for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer 23 . The German tanks lay 24 in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive 25 .
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new 26 . In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to 27 Stalingrad.
In November 1942, the Russians launched a 28 . With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand 29 soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally 30 against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.

A) uniforms B) settled over C) to a halt D) counterattack
E) unprepared F) siege G) buried H) give up
I) offensives J) dropped K) captured L) thanks
M) turned the tide N) shelter O) starving

21. ______________________
正确答案： B
22. ______________________
正确答案： E
23. ______________________
正确答案： A
24. ______________________
正确答案： G
25. ______________________
正确答案： C
26. ______________________
正确答案： I
27. ______________________
正确答案： H
28. ______________________
正确答案： D
29. ______________________
正确答案： O
30. ______________________
正确答案： M

Section B

Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.

Passage One
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

We are all inclined to believe that our generation is more civilized than the generation that preceded ours. From time to time, there is even some substantial evidence that we hold in higher regard such civilized attributes as compassion, pity, remorse (懊悔), intelligence and a respect for the customs of people different from ourselves.
Why war then?
Some pessimistic historians think the whole society of man runs in cycles and that one of the phases is war. The optimists, on the other hand, think war is not like an eclipse (日食) or a flood or a spell of bad weather. They believe that it is more like a disease for which a cure could be found if the causes were known.
Because war is the ultimate drama of life and death stories and pictures of it are more interesting than those about peace. This is so true that all of us, and perhaps those of us in television more than most, are often caught up in the action of war to the exclusion of the ideas of it.
If it is true, as we would like to think it is, that our age is more civilized than ages past, we must all agree that it’s very strange that in the twentieth century, our century, we have killed more than 70 million of our fellowmen on purpose, at war. It is very strange that since 1900 more men have killed more other men than in any other seventy years in history.
Probably the reason we are able to do both, that is, believe on the one hand that we are more civilized and on the other hand wage war to kill ― is that killing is not so personal an affair as it once was. The enemy is invisible. One man doesn’t look another in the eye and run him through with a sword. The enemy dead or alive is largely unseen. He is killed by remote control: a loud noise, a distant puff of smoke and then silence.
The pictures of the victim’s wife and children, which he carries in his breast pocket, are destroyed with him. He is not heard to cry out. The question of compassion or pity or remorse does not enter into it. The enemy is not a man; he is a statistic. It is true, too, that more people are being killed at war now than previously because we’re better at doing it than we used to be. One man with one modern weapon can kill thousands.

31.
In modern wars more people get killed because _____.
A) people are more cruel
B) people don’t care others’ lives
C) people have more advanced weapons
D) people are more civilized
正确答案： C
32.
In what way are we more civilized than the ancients?
A) We can kill more people.
B) We respect those people different from us.
C) We have more interesting stories of war.
D) We don’t think of killing as a personal affair anymore.
正确答案： B
33.
In modern war the enemy is treated as _____.
A) an animal
B) a victim
C) a man
D) a statistic without life
正确答案： D
34.
How is the enemy killed in modern war?
A) By an opponent running him through with a sword.
B) By a man who knows him well.
C) By remote control.
D) By a puff of smoke.
正确答案： C
35.
What is the attitude of the author toward war?
A) Negative.
B) Supportive.
C) Neutral.
D) Indifferent.
正确答案： A

Passage Two
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

As traditionally grown, under a canopy (株冠) of shade trees and amid other vegetation, coffee is an environmentally-friendly crop. The shade trees fix nitrogen in the soil, fostering the growth of the coffee bushes, and their fallen leaves provide nutrients, further reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. The mixture of vegetation prevents erosion and protects the coffee from harsh weather. In contrast to corn and cattle, which almost always require clear-cutting, coffee can be grown in relative harmony with the rain forest.
Recently, however, many coffee farmers in northern Latin America have reduced or eliminated shade to grow new high-yielding coffee plants under direct sun. Fear of a disease known as coffee leaf rust sparked an early round of conversions, most of which took place in the 1970s. To prevent the spread of the disease, coffee farmers "technified," replacing older, shade-loving coffee varieties, with new varieties, packed in tight hedgerows, that can survive open sun — but only with chemical inputs.
Coffee leaf rust never turned out to be a major problem for Latin America. To boost farmers' incomes, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) spent some $80 million from the 1970s to the early 1990s, according to a report (1996) from the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center and the Natural Resources Defense Council, to help growers in Central America and the Caribbean technify. In countries where USAID was not involved, national coffee federations promoted the change, supporting the technification of 69 percent of Colombia's coffee and nearly 40 percent of Costa Rica's.

36.
Growing coffee plants under shade ______.
A) helps them absorb oxygen from the soil
B) provides nutrients for other trees
C) reduces the need for chemical fertilizers
D) creates a mixture of vegetation
正确答案： C
37.
Coffee can be grown amid the rain forest because ______.
A) it can stand harsh weather
B) it can be grown together with other plants
C) it doesn't need any chemical fertilizer
D) it will not erode in the forest
正确答案： B
38.
Many coffee farmers shifted to growing coffee plants under direct sun in the 1970s ______.
A) out of the fear of the spread of coffee leaf rust
B) because it was more profitable
C) as new varieties of coffee plants were developed
D) to decrease chemical inputs
正确答案： A
39.
Coffee leaf rust ______.
A) was a great hit to the coffee industry
B) cannot be eliminated by chemical fertilizers
C) didn't constitute a big problem for Latin America
D) ended the growing history of shade coffee
正确答案： C
40.
Many coffee farmers turned to sun coffee ______.
A) as a result of the widespread of coffee leaf rust
B) because it brought about higher profit
C) at the request of USAID
D) with the d