资源描述
2015年全国职称英语等级考试试卷
卫生类A级
第一部分 词汇选项
1. Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why ufos exixt.
A. Sentence B. comments C. conclusions D. theories
2. She is a lovely gracious woman.
A. courteous B. curious C. quiet D. shy
3. She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.
A. embraced B. held C. kissed D. patted
4. It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.
A. heard of B. looked at C. spoken out D. rubbed out
5. He never grumbled about working overtime
A. talked B. wrote C. spoke D. complained
6. To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.
A. chair B. attend C. celebrate D. prepare
7. I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.
A. courageous B. greedy C. angry D. glorious
8. I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.
A. decision B. mistake C. promise D. plan
9. he came back home, weary and fatigued.
A. scared B. worried C. exhausted D. frightened
10. I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.
A. late B. unfriendly C. sudden D. unfold
11. He was obsessed with American horror movies.
A. kept thinking about B. took advantage of C. paid no attention to D. cared nothing about
12. You accusation is wholly without foundation.
A. almost B. probably C. completely D. evidently
13. My room is really very cosy.
A. cool B. comfortable C. cold D. clean
14. Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed.
A. predict B. argue C. think D. suggest
15. The woman living next door is extremely slender.
A. tall B. weak C. slim D. pale
第二部分 阅读判断
One-Third of Parents Lack Facts about Child Development
One-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development including basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act, a new study finds.
For instance, the study found that many parents don’t know that 1-year-olds can’t tell the difference between right and wrong, and often don’t cooperate or share when playing with other children.
The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young children, said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis, a pediatric（儿科的）follow at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York. They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this development, and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody.
Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents–98.6 percent of whom were mothers–of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies. As part of the survey, the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby’s development.
The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids. One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions. Even when the researchers adjusted the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely to enjoy “healthy interactions” with their children.
A lack of proper understanding of a child’s development can cause various problems, Paradis said. For example, she said, a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for doctor’s appointment, even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.
“A mom could misinterpret a child’s normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant（反抗的）, and could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time. ” Paradis said, “That could hinder the child’s potential for full growth and development.”
One solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating parents. “By improving, knowledge of child development among all parents, not just those who are at highest risk, there’s an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,” she said. “It can ultimately lead to better parenting.”
16. A majority of parents of babies know little about child development.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrong.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Most American families are nuclear rather than extended ones.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Children of one and a half years old like to sit still.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Parent-child interaction can in no way be improved.
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子
Ebola outbreak
1．You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus.
2．To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.
3．Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries you risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though, the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.
4．The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.
5．Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注)ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6．The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.
23. paragraph 2___D____
24. paragraph 3____A___
25. paragraph 4___C____
26. paragraph 5____E___
A. Am I at risk of contracting the virus?
B. is the current outbreak the deadliest?
C. How do know if have contracted the virus?
D. What areas are currently affected?
E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body?
F. What caused the Ebola outbreak?
27．The initial Ebola outbreak was found in ___E____.
28. The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in ____C___.
29. The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear ___F____.
30. The Ebola virus transmits by contact with ____A___.
A. infected body fluids
B. against the outbreak severity
C. the mode of transmission
D. the initial days of being infected
E. three countriesin West Africa
F. within a widerange of days
第四部分 阅读理解
第1篇 young adults who exercise get higher iq scores运动的年轻人智商更高【出自卫生教材完形填空第14篇】
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university，reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen, says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. ”
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been ble to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case6, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
练习：
1. The researchers in this study come from
A、by health centre B、The Swedish army
C、The national academy of sciences D、A Swedish university and its affiliated hospital
2. Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness?
A、Brain size B、good lung capacity
C、clear logical thinking D、muscular strength
3. By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following except
A、Cognitive performance B、heart capacity
C、Verbal comprehension D、emotional behavior
4. The study findings include the following except that
a. Growth facts are significant for a person’s iq
b. Young adults who are fit get higher scores in iq tests
c. Youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education
d. Young people who are muscular and strong have a higher iq
5. The word ”secured” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
a. Insured b. assured c. obtained d. studied
第2篇 15 million Americans suffer from social anxiety disorder【一千五百万美国人患有社交焦虑症】【出自卫生教材阅读第50篇，押中文章】
Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.
The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.
“Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations ,” Jerilyn Ross, the association’ spresident and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday.
“The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even otherpeople for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,” Ross said.
Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted.” It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friends and romantic partnerships,” she said.
People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted. “But they feel powerless to do anything about it,” she said.
Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders and aprofessor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical Scholl , said during the teleconference.
“This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on,” Pollack said. “ The typical age of onset is early adolescence, age 12 or 13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood.”
The disorder also has physical symptoms , including heart palpitations, feelings that their throat will close up, swearing ,blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering ,Ross said.
Among people with the disorder,75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In additon, 69 percent said they didn’t want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.
However, when the condition is diagnosed and treated, many reportedimprovement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatmentsaid treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romanticrelationship. In addition,39 percent who had received treatment said knowingthat treatment can be successful aided their decision to get help,Ross noted.
练习：
1. Which of the following is not true of the peoplw with social anxiety disorder?
A．they find a difficult to make friends. B. They tend to criticize other people
C. They are often isolated and ashamed D. They frequently fail to get timely treatment
2. People with the disorder think that their fear is
A. Justified B. beneficial C. beyond control D. controllable
3. Usually the disorder starts to affect people when
A. They fall in love B. They begin to work C. They get married D. They are in their early teens
4. All the following are likely symptoms of the disorder except
A. Heart palpitations B. Sweating C. Sore throat D. Blushing
5. The last paragraph indicates that treatment of the disorder
A. Had no positive on those affected B. Was unavailable to those affected
C. Was often rejected by those affected D. Could improve the life of those affected
第3篇 Ear breakthrough
New research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to understanding of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people
The latest research, conducted by Dr
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