《经济学英语》期末考试试卷.doc

贵州财经学院
2010-2011学年第一学期
150205《经济学英语》期末考试试卷

学号_____________ 姓名_____________

班级_____________ 成绩_____________

Ⅰ. Translate the following terms. (15%)
1.货币制度 a money system 2.汇率 foreign exchange rate
3.销售税 sales tax 4.年增长率 an annual growth rate
5.供给曲线 supply curve 6.均衡价格 equilibrium price
7.最高限价 price ceilings 8.供给规律 law of supply
9.individual supply 个人供给 10. market supply 市场价格
11.quantity supplied 供给量 12.neoliberal school新自由主义
13.macroeconomics and microeconomics 宏观和微观经济学
14.government policy政府政策
15.economics literature 经济学文献

Ⅱ.Put the following words in a logical order to a form a definition to the underline words. (15%)
1. a capitalist system，describes，in which，an economic system，the factors of production, are privately owned．and business，is，operated，on a free enterprise basis
A capitalist system describes an economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and business is operated on a free enterprise basis．

2. a socialist system，an economic system，describes，in which，are，many of the factors of production，by the society itself，owned，to make the distribution of income，more equal，and where there is an attempt
A socialist system describes an economic system in which many of the factors of production are owned by the society itself and where there is an attempt to make the distribution of income more equal．

3. resources，refer to，to produce，used，goods and services，persons and things；they，are，can，and，limited in amount，be classified into four groups，labor，capital，land，and，entrepreneurship
Resources refer to persons and things used to produce goods and services．They are limited in amount and can be classified into four groups：labor，capital，land and entrepreneurship．

4. labor，all human effort，both，going into，the production of goods，and，includes，
services，physical and mental
Labor includes all human effort，both physical and mental，going into the production of goods and services．

5. capital，refers to，items，such as，machinery，equipment，and all other goods，
computers，office furniture，that，are，used，in the production of goods and services
Capital refers to items such as machinery．equipment，computers，office furniture and all other goods that are used in the production of goods and services．

Ⅲ.Translate the following sentences.(20%)

1. It has become increasingly clear that the United States must find methods to control inflation,probably the single problem that most worries the average American. President Jimmy Carter noted that inflation is the cruelest tax that anyone can pay Many people agree with that sentiment．arguing that the persistent decline in the dollar’s purchasing power hurts people directly because products cost more, and also causes a kind of psychological damage.Recent polls have shown that the average American，far from being optimistic，expects prices to rise to ever higher rates.In the short run this has caused consumers to maintain their levels of spending with the conviction that it is better to buy this year rather than next．But the question is：how long can this go on?
越来越明显的是，美国必须找到控制通货膨胀的方法。也许通货膨胀是一般美国人最担忧的问题。卡特总统曾指出，通货膨胀是每个人付出的最苛刻的捐税。许多人具有同感。他们认为由于产品价格的提高，美元购买力的持续下降直接损害了人民，而且给人们造成了一种心理上的创伤。最近进行的民意测验表明，一般美国人并不乐观，他们预料价格还将上涨更高。从近期看，由于消费者认为今年买比明年更好，他们还能够维持目前的消费水平。但问题是这种情况能持续多久呢?

2. In a planned economy，the first economic decision，what should be produced，is made by the planning authority．The types as well as the amounts of goods and services to be produced are decided by administrative command in order to accomplish the stated objectives of the plan．Planners，through their value judgments，determine whether and how many cars，buses，stoves，submarines，shoes，and other items are to be produced．For example．if the planning authority feels that resources that could be used for assembling television sets are needed for computers．then fewer television sets are produced．regardless of how much they are in demand．If the planners determine that every household should have a television set，then forces will be set into motion to accomplish that objective.
在计划经济下，最基本的经济决策，即应该生产什么，是由计划当局来决定的。为了达到预定的计划，由行政机构决定生产的产品和提供的服务的类型和数量。通过他们的判断，计划者决定是否生产以及生产多少汽车、公共汽车、炉灶、潜水艇、鞋子及其他产品。例如，如果计划当局认为生产计算机要用装配电视机的原材料，那么无论电视机的需求量有多大，其生产的数量都会减少。但是如果计划当局认为每家每户都应该有一部电视机，则他们就会加大力度去完成目标。

3. 稀缺是经济学产生的原因。所谓稀缺，就是指没有而且从来也不会有足够的产品和服务能够满足每个人、每个家庭和社会的需要。稀缺的存在，使得个人和社会必须作出选择或决定。这就使得经济学有了另一个定义：经济学是研究在稀缺世界中进行选择的科学。
Economics exists because there is scarcity．Scarcity means that there are not enough，nor can there ever be enough，goods and services to satisfy the wants and needs of all individuals，families，and societies．Scarcity forces individuals and societies to make choices or decisions．This gives rise to an alternative definition of economics，that is，economics is the study of decisionmaking in a world of scarcity

4.美国的经济被称为是一种混合经济，基本上依靠市场和个人决策，政府相对起着次要但又很重要的作用。通过集中观察两项重要的进步，一是18、19世纪发生在英格兰和苏格兰的变革；二是美国发生的重大历史事件，我们可以理解美国的经济是如何发展演变到今天的这种形式的。

The U.S economy has been described as a mixed economic system basically dependent on markets and individual decisionmaking with a lesser but important role played by government The evolution of the U．S economy into its present form can be understood by focusing oil two important sets of developments：The first occurred in England and Scotlamd in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries，and the second involved major historical events in the United States

Ⅳ.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form when necessary . (20%)
maximize access retaliate decrease matter
run underlie weaken gain construct
1.Because economic conditions are always changing, the assumptions that ___________theories must be carefully evaluated．(underlie)
2.Some people thought that it was hard to find a job because the economy in general
had __________ . (weakened)
3.In short，the task of economic theory is to bring order to the complexity in which the
decisions are made and to__________a clear concept of some of the basic relationships in the economy.(gain)
4.Whether an assumption is true does not__________ within the context of a theory．(matter)
5.Often a theory is__________ to find an explanation for something.(constructed)
6.Several years ago，the Chinese didn't need to have__________ to the Internet or a laptop computer．(access )
7.Because of our limited resources，we need to make choices that will__________our
satisfaction．(maximize)
8.Sometimes scholarly publications devote many pages to__________ disputes between practitioners in the field.(running)
9.The policy to slow sales of foreign cars could improve U S．car sales and employment for autoworkers，but foreign nations could__________by taxing products the U．S．exports，thus decreasing employment in a different industry.(retaliate)
10.Economists may get the conclusion that consumers will__________ the quantity of an item as the price rises by studying the relationship between the economic variables.(decrease)

Ⅴ.complete the following sentences with appropriate prepositions．(10%)

1. A policy is designed to discourage Americans__________ buying foreign cars by
increasing the tariff imposed__________ vehicles as they enter the U．S．
2. The framework__________ a model includes several elements：the variables to be explored，assumptions __________ the model，data collection and analysis，and conclusions
3.A policymaker should select a course of action__________ the basis of both the problem to be solved and the consequences resulting__________ the chosen policy
4.In exploring reasons__________a slow-growing economy，some economists focus__________the relationship between the money supply and growth
5 Before committing__________a course of action，a person should order and understand the basic relationships __________which he or she is dealing with．

1. from，on 2．of,concerning 3．on，from 4．for，on 5，to，with
Ⅵ.Describe how to construct an economic theory．(10%)

To construct all economic theory，economists often explore it within the framework
of a model.This model framework consists of four elements：the variables to be
explored，assumptions concerning the model，data collection and analysis，and
conclusions．
Usually，in analyzing a problem，economists wilI choose two variables，which
have a cause—and—effect relationship Then，economists will make assumptions
Frequently，everything except variables is assumed constant．Once an assumption is
established，it is always treated as if it were true．Next step is to collect data and analyze them It is cmciaI because theories are often demonstrated to be valid by examining the real—world data concerning the variables．Finally，the conclusion can bemade depending on the assumptions，logic，and data analysis．

Ⅶ.Suppose you are a policymaker．What should you bear in mind when making an economic policy? (10%)

First．since everything has two sides．the policymaker must select a course of
action not only on the basis of the problem to be solved，but also on the basis of the consequences resulting from the chosen policy．Second，since a policy is made
depending on your value judgement，it is natural that some people may be for it and
some against it．The last but most important of all is that a policymaker should have some knowledge of economic theories，otherwise the policy will fail.

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