人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit11SectionA教材全解.doc

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit11SectionA教材全解Unit 11 How was your school trip?Unit 11 Section A课文全析1.How was your school trip?你的学校郊游怎么样？【重点注释】school trip学校的郊游。一般在学校郊游结束后才会有感受或感触，在问学校郊游怎么样这个问题前学校郊游已经过去了，所以该句运用了一般过去时。该句的回答可以是：It was great/wonderful/terrible!该句的同义句：How did you like(What did you think of/about或者What/How about) your school trip? 2.go for a walk去散步【重点注释】go for a walk去散步，相当于take a walk。walk此处作名词，意为“散步”。例如：What about going for a walk?去散步怎么样？短语：go out for a walk出去散步，have/take a walk散步，have/take walks散步。例如：Lets go out for a walk.让我们出去散步吧。【拓展记忆】walk还可作不及物动词，意为“走路；散步”，后接表示地点的名词时，要加上介词to，但其后接here，there，home等地点副词时，不需加介词to。例如：Lets walk to the zoo.=Lets go to the zoo on foot.让我们步行去动物园吧。I usually walk to school.我通常步行去上学。You can walk there.=You can go there on foot.你可以步行去那儿。3.milk a cow给奶牛挤奶【重点注释】milk此处作及物动词，意为“给挤奶”，milk a cow给奶牛挤奶/挤奶牛的奶;milk还可作不及物动词，意为“挤奶，出奶”。例如：I helped my father to milk the cow.我帮助我父亲挤牛奶。（及物动词）Wheres your mother?Shes milking cows on the farm.她在农场里给奶牛挤奶。（及物动词）This cow milks very well.这头奶牛出奶很多。（不及物动词）【拓展记忆】milk还可用作不可数名词，意为“牛奶”，drink milk喝牛奶，a glassof milk一杯牛奶。例如：Would you like some milk? milk(名词，牛奶) milk（动词，挤奶）How much milk do you drink every day? 4.feed chickens喂鸡【重点注释】feed（feed-feeds-feeding-fed）此处作及物动词，意为“喂养；饲养”，其后常接表示动物名称的词作宾语，feed chickens饲养小鸡。例如：I feed my dog every day.我每天都喂我的狗。My fathers job is to feed animals.我父亲的工作是喂养动物。Can I feed the animals?我可以喂这些动物吗？【拓展记忆】1）feedto意为“把喂给吃”。feed后接饲料或食物名词作宾语，to为介词，其后一般接动物或小孩等名词表示对象。例如：Please feed some grass to the cow.请给这头奶牛喂些草。She fed milk to the baby.她给婴儿喂了牛奶。2）feed可作不及物动词，意为“食，吃”（主要指动物），与介词on连用构成词组，意为“以为食，靠为生”。例如：Sheep feed on grass.绵羊以草为食。Birds feed on worms and grains.鸟以虫和谷物为食。5.Did you see any cows?你看到一些奶牛了吗？ Yes,I did.I saw quite a lot.是的，我看到了。我看到相当多。【重点注释】此问句是一个一般过去时态的一般疑问句，其中did是do的过去式，在此作助动词构成一般疑问句。本句用于询问过去发生的动作或事情，疑问句中用了助动词did时，句中的谓语动词应用动词原形，其句型是“Did+主语+动词原形+其他成分？”，其肯定答语是“Yes,主语（代词）+did.”，否定回答是“No，主语（代词）+didnt.”。例如：Did you do your homework yesterday?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.你昨天做作业了吗？是的，我做了。/没有，我没做。Did she go swimming yesterday?Yes,she did./No,she didnt.她昨天去游泳了吗？是的，她去了。/不，她没去。【试题链接】 he go to Central Park?.Yes,he did.A.Did B.Do C.Does D.Is（答语是一般过去时态，问句也应该为一般过去时态，其一般疑问句应借助助动词did来完成。答案：A）quite a lot是表示程度的副词短语，意为“相当多”，在句中多修饰动词或动词短语。例如：I like him quite a lot.我非常喜欢他。I ate quite a lot for lunch today.今天午餐我吃得很多。Do we have milk in the fridge?Yes,quite a lot.我们冰箱里还有牛奶吗？是的，还有很多。【比较】Thanks a lot.多谢。【拓展记忆】quite a lot后接名词时常与介词of连用，quite a lot of意为“相当多的”，后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。例如：I have quite a lot of work to do this afternoon.今天下午我有太多的活要干。I have quite a lot of things to tell you.我有很多事情要告诉你。There are quite a lot people in the supermarket today.今天超市里的人很多。【注意】a lot后面不能直接跟名词，a lot of相当于lots of/many/much，其后可接可数名词复数（many）或不可数名词（much）。【比较】quite a few+可数名词复数，quite a little+不可数名词，都是“相当多/不少”的意思，都直接修饰名词，多用于口语（非正式用语）。例如：I have quite a few books.我有许多书。Quite a few students go to school by bike.相当多的学生（不少学生）骑自行车去上学。There is quite a little water here.这儿有很多水。【辨析记忆】quite与veryquite程度副词，意为“相当，非常”可修饰副词、形容词、动词，与表“程度”的词连用。quite与very与不定冠词连用时位置不同：“a+very+形容词+名词”和“quite+a/an+形容词+名词”very程度副词，意为“很，非常”，语气较quite重。可修饰副词、形容词，但不可直接修饰动词。例句：She is quite/very tall.她很高。He sings very/quite well.他唱得很好。Tom is a very good boy.=Tom is quite a good boy.汤姆是个很好的男孩。6.What did the farmer say?农民说了什么？【重点注释】farmer名词，意为“农民；农场主”。例如：I want to be a modern farmer.我想当一名现代农民。【拓展记忆】1）farm名词，意为“农场”。例如：There are many animals on the farm.农场里有许多动物。2）farming名词，意为“农事；耕作”。例如：Its best time for farming.是耕作的好时节。7.Did you learn anything?你学到什么东西了吗？/你学到了什么？【重点注释】anything用作不定代词，表示“某事，某东西”，主要用于否定句、疑问句中，用以代替something。例如：He doesnt want to eat anything now.现在他什么也不想吃。We cant believe anything he says.无论他说什么，我们都不能相信。Do you have anything to say?你有什么话要说吗？Has anything interesting happened?发生了什么有趣的事吗？【拓展记忆】1)在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用something，不用anything。例如：Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的东西吗？2）表示“任何事，任何东西”，主要用于肯定句。例如：I want something to eat.and anything will do.我想弄点东西吃，什么都行。My dog will eat almost anything我的狗几乎什么都洗都吃。3）用作主语时，谓语用单数，对应的代词也用单数（it）.例如：Aything is better than nothing,isnt it?有点儿总比什么都没有要好，不是吗？4）修饰anything的形容词应置于其后。例如：Did you hear anything interesting there? 你在那儿听到了什么有趣的事吗？Is there anything new in the book?这本书中有什么新内容吗？【试题链接】Is there in todays newspaper?Yes,it is really cheerful to read that a group of kids joined the volunteers.A.anything new;ten-year-old B.something new;ten-years-old C.anything new;ten-years-old D. something new;ten-year-old（anything一般用于疑问句或否定句中，修饰anything的形容词new应后置；ten-year-old意为“十岁的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词kids。答案：A）【试题链接】Do you have else to say for your mistake? but sorry.A.anything;Something B. something;Everything C. something;Anything D.anything;Nothing（前句是一般疑问句，故排除B和C。句意：你对于你的错误还有别的什么要说吗？没有什么要说的，除了抱歉。答案：D）8.Did you grow any apples?你种苹果了吗？【重点注释】grow此处作及物动词，意为“种植；栽培”，过去式grew。例如：We grow flowers and vegetables in our garden.我们在花园里种植鲜花和蔬菜。They grow rice every year.他们每年种水稻。It takes ten years to grow trees,but a hundred to rear people.十年树木，百年树人。【拓展记忆】1）grow可作不及物动词，意为“生长；发育”。例如：In spring,everything begins to grow.春天万物复苏。How quickly the baby is growing!这个婴儿长得多么快啊！Look!How well the flowers grow!看！这花长得多好！Money does grow on the trees.钱确实能够在树上生长。2）grow可作连系动词，有“逐渐变得”之意，强调变化过程。Its growing dark.天渐渐（变）黑了。Its growing warmer and warmer.天在逐渐变暖。3）grow up意为“长大；成长”。例如：What do you want to be when you grow up?你长大后想当什么？【辨析记忆】grow与plant两者都表示“种植”，但用法不同。grow不仅表示“种植”，还包括后期的管理和培育过程，常表示一种过程或状态；也常指使某种植物从种子起在某地生长，不移走。They grow roses in the garden.他们在花园里栽培玫瑰花。Do all plants grow from seeds?所有的植物都由种子长成的吗？plant仅表示“载入土中”，涉及的时间较短，表示动作；也常指移植已长成秧苗的植物，可用于“plant+场地+with”结构。They planted trees in the garden.=They planted the garden with trees.他们在花园里种树。April is time to plant.四月是种植季节。例如：My grandpas job is to grow flowers.And he tells us not to plant the flowers before April.我爷爷的工作是种花。他告诉我们4月份之前不要栽花。注意：指种植花草，用grow或plant均可；指种植树木，一般用plant；指种植农作物，用grow。例如：We have grown/planted a lot of flowers this summer.夏天他们栽培了许多花。People in the south grow rice.南方人种植水稻。9.The farmer showed Carol around the farm.这位农民带领卡罗尔参观了农场。【重点注释】show此处作及物动词，意为“带领；引领”，show sb.around意为“带领某人参观”。例如：Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.王叔叔要领我们参观他的农场。Could you show me around the factory?你能带我参观这家工厂吗？【拓展记忆】1）show作及物动词，还有以下含义：意为“给看；出示，显示”，常构成show sb.sth.或show sth.to sb.结构。例如：Please show me that coat over there.请把那儿的外套拿给我看看。Show your tickets,please.请出示您的车票。The girl shows me her photos.=The girl shows her photos to me.小女孩让我看了看她的照片。【注意】在“show sb.sth.”或“show sth.to sb.”结构中，如果“物（sth.）”是代词（it/them），只能用“show sth（it/them）.to sb.”结构，而不能用“show sb. （it/them）sth.”结构。判断：你有一支新钢笔，请给我看看。You have a new pen.Please show it to me. You have a new pen.Please show me it. 意为“指引，领路”。例如：Let me show you the way to the hospital.我指给你去医院的路。Show me the way,please.请给我指路。意为“（向人）说明；表明；指示”。例如：Your homework shows that you are carefull.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。2）show作不及物动词，有“显现；显出；露出”等意思。例如：A big smile often shows on the teachers face.老师的脸上常常露出大大的笑容。3）show作名词，意为“演出；节目；展示”，on show意为“展览”。例如：They want to have a talk show.他们想举行一个谈话节目。The beautiful flowers are on show.这些漂亮的花在展览。【试题链接】I want a ticket to Shanghai this afternoon,please. OK.Will you please me your ID card?A.tell B. serve C. send D.show（tell告诉；serve招待，send发送，show出示。句意：我要一张今天下午去上海的票。好吧，请出示你的身份证。答案：D）10.Carol learned a lot about farming.卡罗尔了解了很多农事。【重点注释】learn意为“学习，学会”，learnabout意为“学习/知道/了解”、“学习/知道/了解有关的事情/情况”。例如：Im learning English now.我现在正在学习英语。Id like to learn something about Yao Ming.我想要了解一些关于姚明的事情。Id like to learn more about computers.我想要学习更多关于电脑的知识。【拓展】learn about意为“了解/知道/获悉”，相当于know about。例如：How did you learn/know about the meeting?有关会议的情况你是怎么知道的？【试题链接】Anna is going on a tour of Xian,and she wants to Chinese history.A.dream of B.learn about C.look through D.pass on（dream of梦到/梦想；learn about了解；look through浏览；pass on传递。由前一分句句意“安娜打算到西安旅行”可知，后一分句句意为“她想要了解中国的历史”。答案：B）a lot作副词短语，在句中作程度状语，表示“很；非常；常常”，修饰动词、感叹词、介词短语、形容词或副词的比较级，如：It usually rains a lot/much at this time of year. 每年这个时候都经常下雨。（修饰动词rain）Do you wear your new watch a lot? 你常戴你的新手表吗？（修饰动词wear）Thanks a lot/very much -thats very kind. 多谢，十分感激。（修饰感叹词thanks，thanks=thank you）He is feeling a lot/much better. 他感觉好多了。（修饰比较级better）Your room is a lot bigger than mine. 你的房间比我的大得多。（修饰比较级bigger）【拓展】learn a lot about意为“学习/知道/了解很多”、“学习/知道/了解很多有关的事情/情况”。例如：I can learn a lot about history.我可以了解很多历史。farming名词，意为“农事；耕作”，其动词为farm，意为“耕种；干农活”。例如：He is farming in Africa.他在非洲务农。It is still too cold for farming.气候还是太冷，不适合农耕。【拓展】farm名词，意为“农场”；farmer名词，意为“农民；农场主”。例如：The farmer is at work on a farm.这位农民在农场干活。11.Carol picked some strawberries and took them home.卡罗尔摘了一些草莓并把它们带到家里。【重点注释】pick此处作及物动词，意为“采；摘”。例如：Dont pick flowers in the park.公园里禁止摘花。He picked her a beautiful rose.他给她采了一朵漂亮的玫瑰花。We helped the farmers pick apples on the farm last weekend.上周我们在农场帮农民摘苹果。【拓展记忆】pick的其他用法：1）pick还有“挑选”之意，如：Please pick a good book for me.请给我挑一本好书。2）pick up意为“捡起；拾起”，为“动词+副词”短语，若宾语为代词，须放于pick和up中间。例如：Could you pick up the card?你能把卡片拾起来吗？She picked up that book on the floor.她在地上捡起了那本书。Your watch is on the floor.Pick it up,please.你的手表在地上。请把它拾起来。Where did you pick it up?你在哪儿捡的它？【试题链接】Karin found some waste paper on the floor.She it and threw it into the dustbin.A.put;up B.picked;up C.turned;up D.looked;up（put up挂起；pick up捡起；turn up把音量调大；look up向上看/查找。句意为：Karin 发现地板上有一些废纸。她捡起来并把它扔进了垃圾箱。答案：B）12.How was your trip last week?上周你的旅行怎么样？【重点注释】本句为询问某事情况的常用句型，其中was是be动词的过去式，如果询问当前的情况则be动词用is。其答语常用：It was great.好极了。/It was OK.还可以。/It wasnt good.不好。/It was not bad.还不错。等。例如：How was her holiday?It was not bad.她的假期过得怎么样？还不错。【拓展记忆】how是疑问副词，意为“怎么样；怎么”，用来构成特殊疑问句，主要用法如下：1）询问如何做某事或做某事的方式。例如：How do you go to work?你怎么去上班？How did she come?她是怎么来的？2）询问健康状况怎么样或情况如何。例如：How is your grandfather?你爷爷的身体怎么样？How is it going?情况怎么样？trip为可数名词，意为“郊游，旅行”，通常指近距离的旅行，并且往往要回到出发点（即双程）。例如：Have a good trip!旅途愉快！【辨析记忆】trip与traveltrip名词，可特指某次具体的旅行。Where is John?Hes on a trip to Shanghai.travel名词或动词，泛指一般意义的旅行，不特指某次具体的旅行。He likes travelling.Travel is very popular with everyone now.last week上周，last year去年，last month上个月，这些都是表示过去时间的时间状语，常用于一般过去时，其前面都不加任何介词。在句中，不加任何介词的类似的短（词）语还有：next，yesterday，yesterday morning，tomorrow，tomorrow morning13.It was excellent.太好了。【重点注释】excellent形容词，意为“极好的；优秀的”，相当于very good，含有绝对无疑的意思，通常用于肯定句中，不用于否定句或疑问句中。例如：The food is excellent here.这里的食品很好。She is an excellent doctor.她是位优秀的医生。【拓展】be excellent in表示“在方面极好”。例如：He is excellent in maths.他的数学非常好。14.I visited my grandparents in the countryside.我去乡下看望了我的祖父母。【重点注释】countryside不可数名词看，意为“乡下，农村”，in the countryside=in the country在乡村/在农村。例如：I come/am from the countryside.我来自农村。We live in the countryside.我们住在乡下。Its quiet in the countryside,but its noisy in the city.乡下安静，但城市喧闹。【拓展】country作名词，通常是“国家”的意思，但在某些场景中也有“农村，乡下”的意思。例如：We have lived in the country for more than ten years.我们住在乡下10多年了。【辨析】in the country有“在该国”的意思,也有“在农村，在乡下”的意思,而in the countryside纯粹指“在农村，在乡下”。15.It was so much fun.那真是蛮好玩的。【重点注释】so much意为“如此多；这么多”，一般用于修饰不可数名词或动词。例如：There was so much noise in the classroom.教室里太吵了。You talked so much.你说得太多了。【拓展】so many“这么多；如此多”，常用来修饰可数名词复数。例如：He had so many friends in the city.在这个城市里，他有这么多的朋友。fun此处作不可数名词，意为“乐趣，开心，有趣的人或事”，其前常用great，much，a lot of等修饰，用来加强语气。例如：Hes great fun,and his dog is great fun,too.他是个有趣的人，他的狗也很有趣。Skating is great fun.滑冰是件很有趣的事。【辨析】a lot of fun与so much fun都表示“有很多乐趣”，其中fun是不可数名词，意为“快乐的事；乐趣”。例如：The children have a lot of fun of the computer.孩子们对电脑有很多乐趣。Her class is so much fun.她的课堂是那么地有趣。【拓展记忆】1）have fun意为“玩得开心”，相当于have a good/great/wonderful time。例如：My grandpa often has much fun in the park.我爷爷经常在公园玩得很开心。【注意】have fun (in) doing sth.“很开心/高兴/愉快地做某事。例如：We had a great time playing with the snow in the snow.我们很快乐地在雪地里玩雪。2）在美国英语中fun可作形容词，意为“有趣的，愉快的”。例如：Our English teacher often makes the class fun.我们的英语老师经常把课讲得很有趣。3）funny用作形容词，意为“滑稽的，可笑的”。例如：The kids are all making fun of little Toms funny hat today.孩子们都在取笑小汤姆今天戴的那顶滑稽的帽子。16.It was great,and the air was so clean.天气好极了，并且空气是那么干净。【重点注释】clean此处用作形容词，意为“干净的；清洁的”，其反义词为dirty脏的。例如：He is always wearing clean clothes.他总是穿着干净的衣服。We must keep our hands clean.我们必须保持手干净。Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室干净。【拓展】clean还作动词，意为“打扫，把弄干净”。例如：We clean our classroom every day.我们每天打扫教室。17.But at about two oclock,it got very cloudy and we worried it would rain.但在大约两点钟，天变得很阴沉了，我们担心会下雨。【重点注释】本句为一个含有宾语从句（it would rain）的主从复合句。主句(we worried)中worried为worry的过去式，从句中would为will的过去式。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的时态为一般过去时态，从句要用相应的过去时态。例如：He asked what time it was.他问几点了。He told me he was reading a book at that time.他告诉我那时他正在读书。【拓展记忆】当宾语从句表示的是客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是一般过去时，从句也用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。【比较】含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句的时态。worry此处作及物动词，意为“担心，担忧”，后面常接宾语从句。例如：The teacher worried that these problems might be too hard for her students.这位老师担心这些问题可能对她的学生来说太难。【拓展记忆】1）worry作及物动词，还可意为“使担心，使发愁”，常接sb.作宾语。例如：Nothing worries me.我没有什么可担心的。The boy worried his mother.这个男孩让他妈妈担心。2）worry还可作不及物动词，意为“忧虑，担心”，后接宾语时，常加about，worry about sb./sth.担心某人/某物。例如：Dont worry.Im very well.不用担心。我非常好。Tell them not to worry.让他们不要担心。I have nothing to worry about.我没什么可担心的。Dont worry about John.He will come back soon.不要担心约翰。他很快会回来。3）worry还可作名词，意为“担心；担忧；烦心的事”，have some worries有一些担忧（烦恼）。4）worry的过去式worried，也是形容词，意为“烦恼的；焦虑的”，可构成短语be worried about，意为“担心”。例如：Dont worry about John.He will come back soon.=Dont be worried about John.Hell be back soon不要担心约翰。他很快会回来。She is worried about her son.=She worries about her son.她担心她儿子。(worry about相当于be worried about)【试题链接】You really dont have to worry your weitht.You look just right.A.for B.from C.with D.about（句意：你真的不必担忧你的体重，你看起来正合适。表示“担忧”用短语“worry about”表示。答案：D）18.Luckily，it didnt,and the sun came out again!幸运的是，天没有下雨，并且太阳又出来了！【重点注释】luckily副词，意为“幸运地；好运地”，相当于fortunately，其反义词是unluckily；luckily通常放在句首，后加逗号，表示“幸运的是”，用来修饰整个句子。例如：Luckily,we got there on time.幸运的是，我们准时到达了那里。Luckily,she found her son in the end.幸运的是，她终于找到了她儿子。【拓展】luck为不可数名词，意为“幸运”；lucky形容词，意为“幸运的”，其反义词unlucky不幸的。例如：Good luck!好运！Gook luck to you!祝你好运！Youre lucky!你是幸运的！He is a lucky dog.他是个幸运儿。Lucky you.=Youre lucky.=How lucky you are.你多幸运啊。【试题链接】There was a fire in the office yesterday.L ，all the people were saved.（句意为“昨天办公室着火了。幸运的是，所有的人都被救了”。luckily表示“幸运的是”，常放在句首，在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。答案：Luckily）sun名词，意为“太阳”，为世界上独一无二的事物，其前通常要加定冠词the，类似的词还有moon月亮，sky天空，earth地球等。【拓展】sunny形容词，意为“晴朗的，阳光充足的”。例如：Its sunny today.今天天气晴朗。It was a sunny day yesterday.昨天是一个晴天。come out意为“出来”，其中out是副词，其对应词go out出去。例如：The sun is coming out.太阳就要出来了。Did the sun come out?太阳出来了吗？Tell Li Ming to come out to play football.让李明出来踢足球。【拓展记忆】1）come out还可意为“（花儿）开放，（种子）发芽，（书）出版”。例如：The flowers begin to come out.花儿开始开放。The flowers come out in spring.花儿在春天开。Han Hans new book came out last month.韩寒的新书昨天出版了。