初中英语主谓一致考点讲解和练习.doc

主谓一致讲解和训练

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓
一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、“三个一致”原则
1. 语法一致的原则
（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Both he and I are right.
Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
        The poet and writer has come.
    （3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：
        In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
        Each man and each woman is asked to help.
（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
（5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
    （6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：
        Is everybody ready?
        Somebody is using the phone.
    （7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
        Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
        Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
           如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：
        Here are some new pairs of shoes.
        My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
（2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
（3）不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
  （4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：
        Who is your brother?
        Who are League members?
（5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
        It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
        Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
（6）half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：
        I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
        Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
 （7）由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
        What she said is correct.
        What she left me are a few old books.
（8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
        The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
        The dead is a famous person.
3. 邻近一致(就近一致)的原则
（1）由连词or, either……or, neither……nor,  not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
（2）在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
　　    There are two apples and one egg in it.
　　（3）as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
　　    He as well as I is responsible for it.
　　   不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。
    （4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
        Here is a letter and some books for you.
二、主谓一致常考情况 

1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式；复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。
　　The desk ________（is / are）Tom’s.  这张桌子是汤姆的。
　　Some water ________（is / are）in the bottle.  一些水在瓶子里。
  The students ________（is / are）playing football on the playground.
    这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
     More than one student ________（has / have）ever been to Beijing.  不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
3. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
    Two months ________（is / are）a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
    Twenty pounds ________（is / are）not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。
    Ten miles ________（is / are）not a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
    Five minus four ________（is / are）one.   5减4等于1。
4. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
　　 Each boy and each girl ________（has / have）got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
　　 Every man and every woman ________（is / are）at work.每个男人和女人都在工作。
5. one and a half + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
　   One and a half hours ________（is / are）enough.   一个半小时足够了。
6. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
　　To see ________（is / are）to believe.  眼见为实。
    Doing eye exercises ________（is / are）good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
7. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
　  A student or two ________（like / likes）to listen to this new teacher’s class.
    一两个学生喜欢听这位新老师的课。
8. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。
    Mike with his father ________（has / have）been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
    Mike, like his brother, ________（enjoy / enjoys）playing football.
    迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
    The students as well as the teacher ________（was / were）present at the meeting.
    开会的时候，学生们和老师都在场。
9. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同
一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。
    The writer and teacher ________（is / are）coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
    The writer and the teacher ________（is / are）coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
    A knife and fork ________（is / are）on the table.  桌子上放着一副刀叉。
10. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个一个的具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。
　  People here ________（is / are）very friendly.  这儿的人很友好。
　  His family ________（is / are）not large.  他家的人不多。
　  My family all ________（like / likes）watching TV.  我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
11. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。
    ________（Is / Are）everyone here today?  今天大家到齐了吗？
    Something ________（is / are）wrong with him.  他有毛病。
    Nobody ________（was / were）in.  没有人在家。
12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。
    Each of them ________（has / have）an English dictionary.   他们每人都有一本英语词典。
    Neither answer ________（is / are）correct.    两个答案都不正确。
13. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。
　  No news ________（is / are）good news.    没有消息就是好消息。
    Maths ________（is / are）very popular in our class   在我们班数学很受欢迎。
14. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；由or,  either…or…， neither…nor…,  not only…but also…,  not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。
    Either my wife or I ________（am / is / are）going.
    Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ________（know / knows）the answer.
    Not only you but also he ________（is / are）ready to leave.
    Each of us ________（has / have）got a new story book.
    Neither of the books ________（is / are）very interesting.
15. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; 而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
    A number of students ________（is / are）going to visit this place of interest.
    The number of the students ________（is / are）over 800
16．以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。
    There ________（is / are）a book and three pens on the desk.
　  Here ________（is / are）some books and paper for you.
17. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。
    The poor ________（is / are）very happy, but the rich ________（is / are）sad.
　  The beautiful ________（live / lives）forever.  美是永存的。 

主谓一致专题练习

一. 选择填空
1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.
  A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were
2. ---When are you going to Kunming for your holidays?
  ---I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.
  A. Both; and  B. Either; or  C. Neither; nor  D. Not only; but also
3. ______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.
  A. Neither; nor  B. Not only; but also  C. Both; and  D. A and B
4. _______ of them has his own opinion.
  A. Both  B. Some  C. Every  D. Each
5. Are there any _______ on the farm?
  A. horse  B. duck  C. chicken  D. sheep
6. My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.
A. are; are         B. are; is
C. is; is            D. is; are
7. ------Two months _______ quite a long time.
------Yes. I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
8. The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him.
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
9. Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time.
A. be B. is C. are D. were
10. Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
11. Most of the houses _______ this year.
A. has built     B. have built
C. has been built D. have been built
12. I think maths _____ very difficult to learn.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
13. A large number of students _____ to work in Xingjiang.
A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going
14. The number of the students in the class ______ small.
A. are B. is C. have D. were
15. There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.
　　    A. were       B. is       C. was         D. are
17. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
        A. isn’t       B. is        C. aren’t        D. are
18. —How many lessons do you usually have a day?
—Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes.
　　    A. last       B. lasts        C. have       D. are
19. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player.
　　    A. am       B. is       C. be        D. are
20. There ______ many new words in Lesson One, but it is very easy.
　　    A. is       B. aren’t       C. isn’t       D. are
21.The number of the students in our school ____1200.
　　    A. is        B. are       C. has        D. have
22.Maths _______ my favourite subject.
　　    A. be       B. is       C. am        D. are
23.The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
　　    A. were sleeping              B. is sleeping
　　    C. was sleeping               D. are sleeping
24.Everyone except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.
　　    A. are       B. is        C. were        D. was
25.That place is not interesting at all. ____of us wants to go there.
　　     A. Neither         B. Both       C. All       D. Some
26.Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.
　　     A. know   B. knows   C. have know    D. is
27. —What’s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it?
　      　—There _____some eggs and cakes on it.
　　     A. is   B. are   C. was   D. were
28. This pair of glasses ______mine.
　　     A. are   B. be   C. is    D. will be
29. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.
　　     A. invited                 B. was invited
　　     C. had invited              D. were invited
30. —Two months ______quite a long time.
　　      —Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
　　     A. is    B. are    C. was   D. were
31. If Bob's wife doesn't agree to go on a holiday in winter, __________.
         A. neither he will         B. neither won't he
         C. neither will he         D. he won't neither
32.His family _____all very kind and friendly, and his family ______a happy one.
　　     A. are, is       B. is, is       C. are, are        D. is, are
33.The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.
　　     A. has       B. have       C. are       D. is
34. I haven't finished my homework yet. ____________.
         A. so has he     B. Neither he has    C. He has too   D. He hasn't either
35. All but one _____ here just now.
　　     A. is       B. was      C. has been      D. were
二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. _____ (be) everything OK?
2. Nobody _______ (know) the answer to the question.
3. Ten divided by two _______ (be) five.
4. Most of the drinking water ______ (be) from the Black River.
5. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.
6. Either you or she _____ (have) made a wrong decision.
7. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together.
8. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.
9. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief.
10. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.

参考答案

一. 1. B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A
16. B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.D 21.A 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.B 28.C 29.D
30.A 31.C 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.B

二. 1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was; were

9