初中英语现在进行时、过去时、过去分词归纳.doc

现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其变化规则如下：

1、一般情况下直接加ing
book--booking think--thinking sleep--sleeping heat--heating
talk--talking sell--selling see--seeing （看见 ，由于）
fly--flying say--saying buy--buying carry--carrying
try--trying study--studying

I remember seeing him once.  我记得见过他一次。
I did not like seeing that.  我一点也不喜欢见到这样。
Seeing that it is 10 o'clock, we will wait no longer. 由于时间已到十点，我们不再等了。

2、 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing
come--coming drive--driving have--having make--making
leave--leaving lose--losing shake--shaking wake--waking
take--taking use--using

3、以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing
stop--stopping shop--shopping drop--dropping nod--nodding
run--running cut--cutting chat--chatting
get--getting set--setting beg--begging let--letting step--stepping
begin--beginning swim--swimming sit--sitting fit--fitting（适合的）

常见的这类词还有：forget，regret，dig(挖) 等。
You're stepping on my toes.  你踩在我的脚趾头上了。
Don’t spend time regretting the past .  不要把时间花在后悔过去上。

4、 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y，再加ing
die--dying tie--tying（系，打结）
lie--lying 说谎（vt，vi），躺（v i）

过去式加 -ed 的读音
1、在清辅音后，读清辅音 / t / 。
worked / kt / helped / pt / passed / st / washed / t / watched / t /
2、 在浊辅音和元音后，读浊辅音 / d / 。
played / d / carried / id / answered / d / lived / vd / used / zd / called / ld /
3、 在 / t, d / 音后面, 读 / id / 。
wanted / tid / needed / did /

过去式和过去分词：
一、用法 (规则的)
（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加 ed ：
work-worked-worked play-played-played want-wanted-wanted
heat-heated-heated book-booked-booked talk-talked-talked
（2）以不发音的 e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 d：
live-lived move-moved decide-decided decline-declined hope-hoped
die-died tie-tied use-used
（3） 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加ed：
study-studied try-tried copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried empty-emptied
（4） 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 ed，如:
stop-stopped shop-shopped drop-dropped nod-nodded chat--chatted
fit-fitted regret-regretted
beg-begged step-stepped wet-wetted （使变湿，尿湿）
上面的单词过去式和过去分词相同

二、用法 (不规则的)
（1）过去式和过去分词相同：
1、原形
set-set-set let-let-let cost-cost-cost  put-put-put  cut-cut-cut
hurt-hurt-hurt  hit-hit-hit read-read-read shut-shut-shut
spread-spread-spread
2、say-said-said lay（下蛋、放置）-laid-laid pay-paid-paid
3、sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept keep-kept-kept
4、sell-sold-sold tell-told-told
特：spell-spelt/spelled-spelt/spelled smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled
5、buy- bought -bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought
fight-fought-fought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught
6、feed -fed-fed meet-met-met
7、build-built-built lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent
burn-burnt /burned-burnt /burned dream-dreamt /dreamed-dreamt /dreamed
learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned mean-meant-meant
hear-heard-heard
8、 stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood
misunderstand-misunderstood-misunderstood（误解，误会）
9、 其他
dig-dug-dug feel-felt-felt find-found-found hang-hung-hung
hold-held-held have /has - had -had lead-led-led leave-left-left
lose-lost-lost light-lit-lit （点亮，照亮） make-made-made sit-sat-sat
shine-shone/shined-shone/shined
stick-stuck-stuck win-won-won shoot-shot-shot（射击）

（2）过去式和过去分词不同：
1、drink-drank-drunk begin-began-begun ring-rang-rung run-ran-run
sing-sang-sung swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk
2、break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken
3、drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen
ride-rode-ridden write—wrote-written 特： hide-hid-hidden
4、draw-drew-drawn grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown
特：show-showed-shown/showed
5、come-came-come become-became-become
6、shake-shook-shaken take-took-taken 特：wake- woke-woken
7、情态动词，无过去分词形式： can-could shall-should will-would
8、其他不规则
am/is-was-been are-were-been beat-beat-beaten choose-chose-chosen
do-did-done eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown
give-gave-given go-went-gone may-might see-saw-seen
wear-wore-worn

lie：意思不一样过去式和过去分词不一样，现在分词都为lying
1、 说谎 （vt，vi） lie-lied-lied
2、躺，平放，位于（vi） lie-lay-lain
She lied to me about her age. 她对我谎报了年龄。（vi）
He lied/told a white lie to her. 他对她说了一个善意的谎言。（vt） 一般用tell a lie
He is lying on the bed. 他现在正躺在床上。 （vi）
The book lies/ lay (lie过去时） open on the desk. 那本书摊开放在桌子上。（vi）
He has lain on the bed for two hours. 他已经在床上躺了两个小时了。（vi）

注意：还有一个单词lay： lay - laid - laid - laying
vt：使…躺下，放置，产卵， vi：产卵，打赌
Lay me down on a bed of roses . 让我躺在满床玫瑰花的床上。
He laid his book open on the desk. 他把他的书打开放在桌上。
lay the table （饭前）摆好餐具
The hen laid three eggs. 母鸡下了三个蛋.（vt）
The hens are not laying well. 母鸡现在不爱下蛋。（vi）

1、She ____down her book and____in bed.
A.lay laid B.lay lay C.laid lay D.laid laid

2、 It was the man____ on the bed with his eyes open who____the book open on the desk just now.
A．lain; lay
B．lying ;laid
C．lay; lay
D．lying ;lied

3、The cook _____ that the eggs _____ on the table was _____ by him.
  A. lied; laid; lay               B. lied; lying; laid
  C. lay; laid; laying            D. lay; lying; laid