小学英语动词及专项训练.doc

小学英语动词及专项训练
1. 动词的定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如ask ,walk等
2. 动词的分类：
（1） 实义动词又叫行为动词，能独立做谓语：如open，hold , learn
（2） 系动词又称连系动词，不能独立做谓语，后边必须接表语组成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等：be动词
（3） 助动词，主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义，和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定或疑问结构：do、will、should、would
（4） 情态动词，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。由于词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，要后接动词完成谓语部分：must、can、could、may、will
3. 动词的基本形式
（1） 动词原形：动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如：have、cut、see
（2） 第三人称单数现在时：动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。
A.直接加“s” ：read--reads leave---leaves
B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“s ”: come--comes close---closes
C.以s. x. sh. ch.o结尾的单词,加“es ” : watch---watches fix---fixes wash---washes go--goes
D.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“es” : cry---cries
E.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s” :play---plays
（3） 过去式的变化规则：
A.直接加“ed” ：look--looked watch---watched
B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“d” : live--lived love--loved
C.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“ed ”: cry---cried
D.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s ”:play---played
E.动词不规则变化表
Infinitive        Past tense          Infinitive            Past tense
1. am, is          was               2. keep               kept
3. are             were              4. let                let
5. become     became             6. make              made
7. begin        began              8. meet               met
9. bite           bit                10. put                put
11. blow       blew               12. read               read
13. buy          bought             14. ride               rode
15. catch      caught             16. run               ran
17. come      came               18. say               said
19. cost        cost               20. see               saw
21. cut          cut                22. sing             sang
23.dig          dug                24. sit                sat
25.do           did                26. sleep           slept
27. draw     drew               28. speak         spoke
29. drink     drank              30. sweep         swept
31. eat        ate                32. take           took
33. fall        fell               34.teach          taught
35. feed       fed                36. tell              told
37.feel        felt               38.think          thought
39. fly          flew               40. throw        threw
41.forget      forgot             42.understand    understood
43. get          got                44. give          gave
45. wake       woke               46. go            went
47. wear        wore               48. grow       grew
49. win           won                50. have/has   had
51. write       wrote              52. know       knew
53 .break broke

4.动词的时态
一、一般现在时: 表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。
结构：
1. 动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如Tony ，he ，she ），动作词用第三人称单数形式，即加s 或 es ;
在主语前加do, does帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；
在动作词前加don’t, doesn’t 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。
2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词：is , am , are ；
is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；
is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。
3. 情态动词can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形；
can, may, should，must 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；
can, may, should, must后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。
4. 肯定祈使：动词原形 + 其它
否定祈使句：Don’t +动词原形 + 其它
5．感叹句： What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers! ——What+(形)名
How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! —— How+形
A. 肯定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 We come from China.
(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 He comes from China.
主语+be (is, am, are)+其它 We are from China.
主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+V+其它 She must go.
　　B. 否定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+don’t +V+其它 We don’t come from China.
(第三人称单数) 主语+doesn’t +V+其它 He doesn’t come from China.
主语+be (is, am, are) not+其它 I aren’t from China.
主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它
C．一般疑问句：Do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 Do you come from China?
Does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 Does he come from China?
be (Is, Am, Are)+主语+其它 Are you from China?
情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它 She can’t go.
D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 Where do you come from?
特殊疑问词+does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 Where does he come from?
特殊疑问词+be (is, am, are)+主语+其它 Where are you from?
特殊疑问词+情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它 Can she go?
二、现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作。 结构：
1. be动词( is , am , are) + 动词ing (现在分词)；
is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；
is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。
A. 肯定句:主语+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它 They are coming here.
B. 否定句：主语+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它　They aren’t coming here.
C. 一般疑问句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主语+ Ving+其它 Are they coming here?
D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（is, am, are）+主语+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?
三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。 结构：
1. 动作词用过去式(ed ) ；
在主语前加did帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；
在动作词前加didn’t帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。
2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词的过去式：was , were；
was , were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；
was , were后面加上not帮助否定句。
A. 肯定句：主语+Ved+其它 We came from China
主语+be (was, were)+其它 We were from China.
B. 否定句：主语+didn’t +V +其它 We didn’t come from China.
主语+be (was, were) +not+其它 We weren’t from China.
C．一般疑问句：Did +主语+V +其它 Did you come from China?
be (Was, Were)+主语+其它 Were you from China?
D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ did +主语+V +其它 Where did you from?
特殊疑问词+ be (was, were)+主语+其它 Where were from?
四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。 结构：
1. be going to + 动词原形
is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；
is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。
2. will+ 动词原形
will放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；
will后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。
A. 肯定句：主语+will +V +其它 He will dig a hole.
主语+ be going to +V +其它 He is going to dig a hole.
　　 B. 否定句：主语+will not +V +其它 He won’t dig a hole.
主语+ be not going go +V +其它 He isn’t going to dig a hole.
　　 C．一般疑问句：Will+主语+V+其它 Will he dig a hole?
Be(Is, Am, Are) +主语going to +V+其它 Is he going to did a hole?
　　 D．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+主语+V+其它 What will he do?
特殊疑问词+be(is, am, are) +主语going to +V+其它 What is he going to do?
五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：
1. be动词( was, were) + 动词ing；
was, were 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；
was, were后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。
A. 肯定句:主语+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.
B. 否定句：主语+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasn’t digging a hole.
C. 一般疑问句：be（Was, Were）+主语+ Ving Was he digging a hole?
D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（was, were）+主语+ Ving What was he doing

（二）时态意义与结构一览表：
时态
时态意义与
动词
主语
动词形式
常用时间
肯定句
否定句
(特殊)疑问句
一
般现在
时

1.表示现在的状态。
be
动词
三单
is
is not
(疑问词) is +主语
always,
often, now
usually,
sometimes,
ever, never,
in the morning’
in the afternoon,
in the evening,
at night,
on Sunday,
every
once a week,
twice a month,
3 times a year
I
am
am not
(疑问词)am+主语
you,复
are
are not
(疑问词)are+主语
2. 表示经常性习惯性的动作、兴趣爱好或能力。
情态
动词
所有
主语
can +V
can not +V
(疑问词)can +主语+V
may +V
may not +V
(疑问词)may+主语+V
must +V
must not +V
(疑问词)must+主语+V
should +V
should not +V
(疑问词)should+主语+V
行为
动词
三单
Vs
doesn’t +V
(疑问词)does +主语+V
非三单
V
don’t +V
(疑问词)do +主语+V
3.祈使句
be
无
Be
Don’t be
Be quick. Don’t be worried.
行为
无
V
Don’t +V
Listen to me. Don’t push.
4.感叹句
What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flowers!
How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are!
一般过去时
表示过去了的动作或状态。
be动词
单—you
was
was not
(疑问词) was +主语
yesterday,
this morning,
before that,
last…
复+you
were
were not
(疑问词)were+主语
行为
所有主语
Ved
didn’t +V
(疑问词)did +主语+V
现在进行时
表示现在正在进行的动作。
行为
动词
三单
is +Ving
is not +Ving
(疑问词) is +主语+Ving
now,
Listen!
Look!
Where’s
I
am +Ving
am not +Ving
(疑问词)am+主语+Ving
you,复
are +Ving
are not +Ving
(疑问词)are+主语+Ving
过去进行时
表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
行为
单—you
was +Ving
was not +Ving
(疑问词)was+主语+Ving
yesterday
this morning
at that time
at nine …
复+you
were +Ving
were not +Ving
(疑问词)were+主语+Ving
一般将来时
表示将要
发生的动作或状态。
1
be
所有
主语
will+ be
won’t+ be
(疑问词)will+主语+ be
tomorrow,
this evening,
later,
in a minute,
after that,
next…
行为
Will+ V
won’t +V
(疑问词)Will+主语+ V
2
行为动词
三单
is going to+V
is not going to+V
(疑问词)is+主语going to+V
I
am going to+V
am not going to+V
(疑问词)am+主语going to+V
you,复
are going to+V
are not going to+V
(疑问词)are+主语going to+V

习题：
1． I______(be not) a middle school student.
2．She ______(be) in Class Six ,Grade One . We________(be) all Young pioneers.
3．Sam and I________(be) in different classes .
5．There _______(be) a map on the wall. There _______(be) some boats in the river.
7．There__________(be) a pencil-box and some books in the bag .
8．There__________(be) two bikes and a car near the house.
9．I can ___________(see) some flowers on the table.
10. You must__________(find) those things.
11. ______ you ________(have) a new watch?
12. Let me _________(see),please. I __________(not have) a watch .
13. I think he ___________(be)back in a week.
14. It's time ___________(play) games.
15. I want ___________(take) some books to the classroom .
16. Could you ___________(take) it to your room ?
17. It's snowing now. We can go out __________ (play) in the snow.
18. ___________(not jump) too high! Would you like___________(drink) tea ?
19. She __________(like) her new skirt .

20. The men ____________(work) near the house now.