高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意学案12.doc

Reading Comprehension
------How to get the main idea?
Learning goals:
1. To learn about the question forms about the main idea.
2. To learn some ways to get the main idea.
3. To use the skills to practice in groups.
Step 1 Lead-in
A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush. She watched the cat, and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, "Woof, woof, woof!" The cat was so frightened that it ran for it's life. Mother mouse turned to her babies and said, "Now, do you understand the value of a second language?”
What is the story mainly about?
Step 2 Question forms about the main idea of a paragraph or a passage? Choose the question forms about the main idea: _____
1. The main idea/topic of the passage is ________.
2. What is the passage mainly about?
3. What is the last paragraph mainly concerned (关于) about?
4. The best title/headline for this passage might be_____.
5. The passage could be entitled__________.
6. What is the best title for the passage?
Step 3 How to get the main idea
1. Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.
The main idea of the paragraph is ________.
总结：该段体裁为________,结构为____ ____，主题句往往在___ ___, 有时在___ ____会重申主题，构成___ ___ ___结构。
2. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can' t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.
What is the passage mainly about?
总结：该段体裁为________,结构为____ ____，主题句在___ ___,往往出现在总结性的词so, therefore, as a result等之____。
3. Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working with her hands, and his hobby is gardening.
What does this paragraph mainly talk about?
总结：该段体裁为________,结构为____ ____ ___，主题句往往在___ ___, 如果段落中出现however, but, in fact, actually等时，所在的句子往往就是________。
如何归纳主旨大意?
4. Smoking in indoor public places including public working places, public transport vehicles and some other special outdoor working places has been banned (禁止) in China since January 2011.Should smoking be banned in public places? Of course, it should be.
First, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from health problems and diseases, but will also be good for passive smokers.
Next, banning smoking will put stress on smokers to give up. Since a smoker is prevented from smoking.
At last, smoking cigarettes adds to the pollution of the air, so if it is banned, it will help in saving the environment from further deterioration(恶化).
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Smoking is bad for health.
B. Smoking will increase pollution.
C. Smoking should be banned.
D. Smoking can cause fire.
第一招：
5. Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly. To some people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do. Control these by talking to yourself in your own mind,
when you experience unwanted feelings. By talking it over in your own
head you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.
Anger control can also be achieved by communicating with others with honesty.
You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things.
It is important to remember it is possible for everyone to get angry and therefore, controlling it is the real challenge.
What is the best title of the passage?
A. Not everyone can control anger.
B. How to control anger.
C. Communicating with others is helpful.
D. Controlling anger is challenging.
第二招：
6. Mother’s Day was coming, a man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away.
As he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing (啜泣) . He asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have seventy-five cents, and a rose costs two dollars.”The man smiled and said, “Come on in with me. I’ll buy you a rose.”After they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother.
As they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to my mother?” “To your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didn’t say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟).
The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled(取消) the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the two hundred miles to his mother’s house.
What is the passage mainly about?
A. Moved by the girl, the man sent his mother the flowers himself on Mother’s Day.
B. A man helped a girl to buy a flower for her mother.
C. We should often help others.
D. We should love our mothers.
第三招：
Step4 Competition
1. The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
What is the main idea?
A. The panda is a popular animal.
B. Cold is serious for children.
C. Cold has obvious symptoms.
D. Cold should be cured at once.
2. People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the
other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains. Others could live on what were called fast food: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. What is the main idea?_____
A. Some people like steak or other red meat.
B. Some people like fast food.
C. People have different tastes in food.
D. People should eat healthy food.
3. Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.
What is the main idea?
A. Cigarette smoking can cause cancer.
B. Smoking can cause the most serious and terrible disease.
C. Smoking also can cause other health problems
D. Smoking is harmful.
4. Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance
What does the writher want to tell us?
A. The innocent looks more guilty.
B. The professional criminal looks innocent.
C. A man knows everything likes to hide his weakness.
D. We shouldn’t judge a person only by his appearance.
5. WeChat(微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011. With WeChat, we can communicate with friends by sending text messages, voice messages, we can share our photos or videos, share our location, we can even chat with lots of friends at the same time. More important, it is free for the users.
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. The tools of chatting.
B. We can use Wechat to chat with lots of friends.
C. The functions of Wechat.
D. We should often communicate with friends.
6. Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.
A. Tom had studied at Paris Universities for four years.
B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.
D. Tom received an excellent education.
7. For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.
What does the paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Cold is not serious for adults.
B. Cold is serious for children.
C. Cold has obvious symptoms.
D. Cold should be cured at once.
8. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time.
What is the main idea ?
A. Some students prefer a strict teacher.
B. No one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time.
C. Some students prefer to do work on their own.
D. Students should respect teachers.
9. Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire(轮胎) goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper(野营者) also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
What is the main idea?
A. A flashlight is useful every day.
B. A flashlight is useful in dark situations.
C. Children are afraid of darkness.
D. A camper needs a flashlight when the campfire is out.
10. Magellan’s(麦哲伦) men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Magellan’s death
B. Going Around The World
 Step 5 Review
如何归纳主旨大意? 
第一招： 
可通过辨别文章体裁，寻找__ ___ ___的方式归纳主旨大意,主题句可能在文章或段落___ ____,中间或___ ___,所以我们可以扫读文章的首段和尾段或段落的首句和___ ___,弄清文章或段落的____ ____搜索主题信息。新闻报道的主题句一般位于__________；议论文的主题句一般位于________________说明文的主题句一般位于________________ ；记叙文的主题句一般位于________________。
第二招： 
当找不到全文的__ ___ ___时,抓住每段的___ ___ __,和全文____ ____词，概括出全文中心思想。 
第三招： 
当找不到全文的__ ___ ___, 而且段落的也没有___ __ ___ 时, 就要概括出___ ___主题，从而推导出文章的___ ____。 
Step 6 Homework 
Finish reading the rest passages. 
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