中考英语定语从句讲解.doc

定语从句 请看下面的句子： I want to know the boy who is the tallest. 句子做定语修饰boy（一）概念:定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。（二） 定语从句的分类、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。e.g:This is the book that/which I want.、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。e.g:Mr. Green， who is watching TV，is my uncle.（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词 关系副词 which, who, whom, whose, that where, when, why（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Mary is a girl. 合并为一个句子She has long hair.思路：留（保留先行词）-舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）-替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.请把下列句子二句合一 1. I saw the man.He closed the door 2.The girl is happy. She won the race 3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen （五） 定语从句关系词的确定:l a.先行词的分类l b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语 人：who/that 物：which/that2.先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that 物：which/that3.先行词做定语 人：whose 物：whose/of which4.先行词做状语：when, where, whyl who, whom, whose, that用法区别.l who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语. The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做题思路：先分解分析再合并分解 The man is a worker. The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语l Whom /that作定语从句的宾语 The woman（ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman. 作宾语注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.l whose 作定语从句的定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl. The girls mother is a teacher. 作定语小结：关系词判断步骤l 首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或thatl 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主语 宾语 定语 人who, thatwho(m), that whose 物 which, thatwhich, that whose, of which巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况： (1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时； (2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时： (3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。 （4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。 (5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错 先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则：1. Here is something that I will tell you.2.We havent got much that we can offer you.3. Is it the one that you want ?4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.6.Which is the bike that you lost?7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（七）只能使用which 的情况l 1.关系代词前有介词时；l 2.先行词本身是 that 时；l 3.非限定定语从句l 口诀:要有which别着急，l 介词提前逗隔离。l e.g:1.This is the classroom in which we studied for two year.l 2.She has two dolls，which are from her parents单项选择：l 1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.l A. thatB. who C. whom D. thisl 2. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.l A. that B. whose C. whichD. asl 3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?l A. the oneB. which C. who D. whoml 4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ? A. the oneB. which C. who D. whol 5. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.l A. whichB. that C. /D. itl 6. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.l A. which B. in which C. thatD. alll 7. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised.l A. That B. Who C. The one whoD. The students whol 注意：l 当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）完成下列句子：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生. who saved the boy s lifeThis is the doctor 2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔. who is running The man is my uncle.3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.The young man is a teacher. who lives next door注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip. (河北省卷)A. who B. that C. whom D. whose2、Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything. （吉林省通化市）A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who3、I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday. （江苏省南京市） -Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_?A.left B.was leaving C.has left D.had left4、We are trying to help those children _lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. (浙江省衢州市)A. whichB. when C. whoD. whose5、Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom? (湖南长沙) A.whoB.whichC.when6、The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. （江苏省扬州市） -Yes.They are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.A.which B.what C./ D.who7、Have you found the answer to the question _I asked you this morning? （四川省成都市）A.whenB.whatC.that8、Friends are those_ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. （河南省） A which B what C whom D who9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _ HongKong was returned to China. （湖北省十堰市）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10、This is the school _ I studied three years ago. （山东省菏泽市）A. where B. when C. that D. which11、What do you usually do in your leisure time? （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）I enjoy reading in the library _ I lose myself in a world of good books.A. which B. that C. where12、The village _I visited last year has changed a lot. （福建省福州市） -Really?I hope to go there on day.A.that B.whoC.when13、This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library. （广西省桂林市） A. whereB. whichC. whoD. when14、The old woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs. Black. （黑龙江省鸡西市） A. which, are B. who, are C. who, is15、Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? （广西省定西市）A. it B. what C. who D. that