初一上学期英语知识点梳理.doc

2008-2009初一上学期英语知识点梳理
冠词
*要点提示：单数可数名词不可单独使用，要在词前加冠词a, an, the或者物主代词(my等)。
请试着从下列例句中找出冠词的使用规律
1. ______
Can I have ______ apple?

2. ______
She is ______ English teacher.
3. ______
______ car over there is fast.

4. ______
______ teacher is very good, isn't he?
5. ______
6. ______
-Look at ______ picture on the wall. Is it nice?
-Yes, it’s ______ nice picture
7. ______
8. ______
I live in ___ house. ______ house is quite old and has four bedrooms.

9. ______
10. ______
I ate in ___ Chinese restaurant. ______ restaurant was very good.
11. ______
I like ______ Russian tea.

12. ______
She likes reading ______ books.
13. ______
He has ______ breakfast at home.

14. ______
I go to ______ university.

15. ______
He comes to work by ______ taxi.
16. ______
He enjoys playing ______ football and ______ piano.
17. ______
The movie theater is on ______ right, opposite ______ clothing store.
18. ______
We have sports meeting in ______ October every year.
19. ______
Teachers’ Day is on ______ September 10.

可数名词复数形式
1. 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces
2. 凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化：统一加读[iz]。
例：bus→buses; box→boxes; match→matches; peach→patches
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：strawberry→strawberries; baby→babies; family→families; lady→ladies; story→stories
4. 以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes;
反例：kilo→kilos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos;
5. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。
读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。
例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; scarf→scarves
反例：roof→roofs (屋顶)
6. 部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化：保持原音。
例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer;
7. 没有任何规律。
读音变化：没有规律。
例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people;
foot→feet; goose→geese; tooth→teeth
8. 另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例： clothes; pants; shorts;; trousers; sales；scissors剪刀
9. 复合名词compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
son-in-law→sons-in-law
10. 除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters liter, liters kilogram, kilograms kilos, a pound, a few pounds

不可数名词
例： water; coffee; tea; soda; juice; milk; cooking oil; soup; ketchup; ice cream; flour; sugar; salt; rice; meat; chicken; cheese; soap; butter; salad;
furniture家具; news; traffic交通; bread; garlic; money; food; drink; fruit; vegetable;

若表达具体数目，要借助1. 数量词(具体的数量)和2. 限定词（笼统的数量）
n.(可数)
n.(不可数)
很多（肯定句）
A lot of, lots of
一些
Some, any,
具体数目
one, two, three,… a dozen, two dozen
具体数量
A cup/bowl/bag/bottle/ glass/loaf/bar/piece/stick/ kilogram/pound/liter
of
一点
A little, a bit,
有几个
A few, several
没有多少,很少
Little
没有几个，很少
few
很多（否定句）
many
很多
much

名词与限定词重点
1. ___________
2. ___________
3. ___________
We don’t have much (很多)meat(肉), Can you help to buy a piece of (一块) pork?
4. ___________
5. ___________
6. ___________
7. ___________
8. ___________
9. ___________
He takes little (很少) exercise(锻炼), but he has 3 bowls of (三碗) beef rice(米饭) and a bar of (一块) chocolate (巧克力)everyday.
10. ___________
11. ___________
Can you speak Italian(意大利语)? Yes, but only a little (一点).
12. ___________
13. ___________
Would you like a bit of (一点儿) salt(盐)? Yes, please.
14. ___________
15. ___________
How many eggs (鸡蛋)do you want? 2 dozen (2打).
16. ___________
17. ___________
18. ___________
There’s plenty of (足够的) spring water(矿泉水). So we don’t need to buy any (任何)
19. ___________
20. ___________
He gets 3 bags of (袋) French fries (薯条)for the family.
21. ___________
22. ___________
23. ___________
I would like 5 cups of (杯) black tea(红茶), 6 boxes of (6盒) chicken (鸡肉)nuggets.
24. ___________
25. ___________
I’ll also take 4 bottles of (4瓶) orange juice(橘子汁).
26. ___________
27. ___________
I love cookies(饼干). I have lots of (很多) them everyday.
28. ___________
29. ___________
We need 4 loaves of (4块) bread (面包)for the party.
30. ___________
31. ___________
Where can I find a bank(银行)? I need some (一些) money (钱).
32. ___________
33. ___________
He has lots of (很多) friends(朋友), but he has little (很少) money(钱).
34. ___________
35. ___________
He has lots of (很多) money(钱), but he has few (很少) friends(朋友).
句型转换
就划线部分提问：
1. 谁？ Who?
Who is your favorite singer?
2. 谁的？ Whose?
Whose skateboard is this?
3. 什么？What?
What’s near your house?/What do you need to play baseball?
4. 什么颜色？ What color?
What color is your skateboard?
5. 什么种类？ What kind/type
What kind of movies/food do you like?
6. 星期 What day?
What day is today?
7. 日期 What
What is the date today?
8. 什么运动？What sport?
What sport can you play?
9. 做什么？ What …do…?
What can you do on the ice rink?
10. 天气怎么样？What be … like?
What’s the weather like?/What’s the mall like?
11. 哪里？Where?
Where can you skate?
12. 情况怎么样/如何？How
How are you?/How can I get to the hotel?
13. 多大？How old?
How old are you?
14. 多少个？How many?
How many chairs are there in the classroom?
15. 多少？How much?
How much milk is there in the refrigerator?
16. 多少钱？How much?
How much is the rice? How much are the shoes?
17. 对…印象如何? What do you think of…?/How do you like…?
How do you like skiing?
What do you think of documentaries?

1. The boy over there is Jim.

2. I am fine.

3. We are in the same class. (?)

4. He has an e-mail address. (?)

5. Jenny is British.

6. I am from France.

7. Zheng Zhi is a football player.

8. My brother is 12 years old.

9. Yao Ming is an NBA basketball player.

10. She is a teacher.

11. She is my sister.

12. They are actors.

13. She’s a writer.

14. Your father is a policeman.

15. That is a photo of my family.

16. She likes to play volleyball.

17. Mary has two brothers.

18. There are five people in my family.

19. My wife has a dog.

20. Helen has some uncles.

21. She has three children.

22. You can sit down.

23. I am in Grade 2.

24. My aunt likes running and swimming.

25. Does your uncle like comedies? (X )

26. His name is Tony.

27. They are Chinese.

28. Bill Gates is from the USA.

29. She is 11 years old.

30. I need a student ID.

31. Her first name is Gina.

32. He lives on 45 Pine Road.

33. My father is 37 years old.

34. I am from Canada.

35. She prefers watching TV.

36. He likes dancing. He doesn’t like singing.(but)

37. Lucy prefers reading books. (?)

38. Jenny prefers playing computer games. (X)

39. The cat is under the table.

40. The post office is next to the bank.

41. The oranges are two dollars a kilogram.

42. We need two dozen eggs.

43. The cheese is three dollars a stick.

44. The potatoes cost 1.5 dollars a kilogram.

45. I want to order some French fries.

46. I’ll have a hot dog.

47. I’d like to have a cup of coffee.

48. He can throw the shot put.

49. Skateboarding is my favorite sport.

50. I play tennis on the tennis court.

51. I need a racket to play badminton.

52. We can play baseball with a bat.

53. I really enjoy doing sports.

54. I want to meet my friend Mike this weekend.

55. I can’t play baseball. I can’t do the high jump. (or)

56. You can exercise or play table tennis there.

动词名词之间的转化
work
worker
keep
keeper
teach
teacher
swim
swimmer
sing
singer
play
player
dance
dancer
learn
learner
drive
driver
visit
visitor
run
runner
act
Actor/actress

动词形式归纳
Swimming is my favorite sport.
My favorite sport is swimming.
Be good at
Be interested in
Without doing sth.
Instead of doing sth.
What about/How about

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
enjoy doing sth.
practice doing sth.
finish doing sth.
stop doing sth.
Stop to do sth.

love/like to do sth.
love/like doing sth.
look forward to doing sth.
Learn to do sth.
Learn doing sth.
Forget to do sth.
Forget doing sth.
Remember to do sth.
Remember doing sth.
What about doing sth.?
How about doing sth.?

be happy / sorry / pleased ... to do sth.
Do we need to do sth.
Would you like to do sth.?
Why not do sth.?
Why don’t you do sth.?
Please do sth.
Let sb. Do sth.
Make sb do sth.

介词归纳
in the room close to my house
on the table between the bed
in front of the house on and the dresser
behind the door beside the river
under the chair across from it
opposite the school next to the door
above the bed at the door
be in charge of
at the rink / the center / the door/ the bus stop...
on real ice / the rink / the bank...
on the map / the cover / the paper...
in the (other) corner of the room
at the corner of the street
in the book / the picture / the newspaper
at the back of the classroom
on Mason Street
in Chinese / English / French...
反义词归纳
big
small
Left
right
Right
wrong
Same
different
Old
young
Cold
hot
Full
hungry
Long
short
High
low
Many
few
Easy
hard
Black
white
First
last
Messy
tidy
Up
down
in front of
behind
stand up
sit down
Come
go
Love
Hate
Remember
Forget

动词短语归纳
1. take lessons
43. play cards
2. take care
44. play bridge
3. take care of…
45. play chess
4. take the first turning
46. play the computer
5. take exercise
47. play ball games
6. take one’s order
48. play volleyball
7. get up
49. play basketball
8. get ready for…
50. go ahead
9. get sth. ready for…
51. go to bed
10. get to the station
52. go to school
11. write to…
53. go to college
12. listen to…
54. go swimming
13. come to Jim’s
55. go fishing
14. come back here
56. go skateboarding
15. come from…
57. go shopping
16. stand up
58. go running
17. sit down
59. go jogging
18. turn right, left
60. go home
19. stay with us
61. go across
20. use the Internet
62. go straight
21. meet my friends
63. have an English class
22. practice drawing
64. have a look
23. make a name list
65. have sports
24. watch cartoons
66. have some exercise
25. see movies
67. have sth. to eat
26. order some soup
68. have a drink
27. run the 400-meter race
69. do the long jump
28. check your answers
70. do the high jump
29. ask him for money
71. do a cartwheel
30. climb a rope
72. do pushups
31. look fresh
73. do sit-ups
32. welcome to Beijing
74. do sports
33. buy sth. for sb./buy sb. Sth
75. do one’s homework
34. tell sb. about sth.
76. do eye exercises
35. talk about sth.
77. do morning exercises
36. need to buy sth.
78. do a somersault
37. prefer doing to doing
79. want to do sth.
38. play baseball
80. want sth.
40. play football
81. would like to do sth.
41. play with the toys
82. would like sth.
42. play ice hockey

Unit 5翻译
1 你喜欢运动吗？
2 你会做什么运动？
3 你知道怎么投铅球吗？
4 其他项目怎么样？
5 他会跳高但不会跳远？
6所有学生都会跑步。
7 他们中没有一个会跳水。
8 我能问你几个问题吗？
9 大多数学生都会打棒球。
10他会打排球吗？不，他不会。
11你可以在溜冰场做什么样的运动？
12你可以用球拍玩什么？
13我们可以用球棒打棒球。
14孩子们可以在游泳池里游泳。
15你可以在哪儿打网球？
16我擅长游泳和滑冰。
17他对运动感兴趣。
18你最喜爱的运动是什么？
19我几乎每天都去跑步。
20你会跳水吗？不，我不会。
21Robbie plays soccer very well.(用can 改写)
Robbi________ _________ soccer very well.
22Gary can run the 100-meter hurdles.(划线部分提问)
______ _______ Gary _______?
23Sara can do the high jump.(改为否定句)
Sara_______ ________ the high jump.
24Tracy can throw the shot put.(改为一般疑问句)
______ Tracy ________ the shot put?
25Can Lucy swim?(肯定回答)
_______, she _______.
26 I need skates to skate.(划线部分提问)
27You can dive in the diving pool. (划线部分提问)
28I can play tennis with a racket. (划线部分提问)
29He can play tennis and volleyball. (划线部分提问)
30There are four basketball courts in our school. (划线部分提问)
31David’s favorite sport is playing basketball. (划线部分提问)
32I am interested in swimming. (划线部分提问)
33Liu Xiang is my favorite star. (划线部分提问)
34We are interested in skateboarding.(改为否定句)
23